Evidence for solid carbon dioxide in the upper atmosphere of Mars

The infrared spectra recorded by Mariner 6 and 7 show reflections at 4.3 microns. which suggest the presence of solid carbon dioxide in the upper atmosphere of Mars.     

Exchange of materials between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere

Many biogenic trace gases are increasing in concentration or flux or both in the atmosphere as a consequence of human activities. Most of these gases have demonstrated or potential effects on atmospheric chemistry, climate, and the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Focused studies of the interactions between the atmosphere and the biosphere that regulate trace gases can improve both our understanding of terrestrial ecosystems and our ability to predict regional-and global-scale canges in atmospheric chemistry.     

红壤性水稻土稀土组分与土壤特性物质的关系

测定了具有代表性的 3种水育型 4种母质发育的红壤性水稻土及起源土壤的稀土体系 [稀土元素总丰度 (∑ REE)、轻稀土丰度 (∑ LREE)、重稀土丰度 (∑HREE) ]、土壤颗粒组成、有机质体系、铁氧化物体系主要组分和土壤 p H值 ,并分析了 REE体系与这些土壤特性物质的相关性 .结果表明 :(1 )土壤 ∑REE和 ∑LREE均与土壤砂粒含量呈显著负相关 ,与粘粒含量呈显著正相关 ;∑LREE对 ∑REE消长变异的影响大于∑ HREE.(2 )土壤∑ REE和 ∑LREE均与土壤腐殖质及富里酸含量呈显著正相关 ,与胡敏酸含量相关性不显著 .(3 )土壤∑ REE与土壤全铁 (Fet)呈极显著正相关 ,∑REE及 ∑LREE均与晶质铁 (Fec)相关性强 .(4 )土壤酸度对∑ REE、∑ LREE、∑ HREE的影响不显著     

气调条件下采后番木瓜硬度与相关酶活性研究

将购买的新鲜夏威夷木瓜在非气调(大气)和气调(8%O2+3%CO2+89%N2)两种条件下低温贮藏(13℃),测定多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、β-葡萄糖苷酶和过氧化物酶(POD)活力以及硬度的大小,分析测定结果的相关性,并进行拟合。结果表明,13℃气调延迟了PG、β-葡萄糖苷酶和POD活力高峰的出现,有效降低了PG和β-葡萄糖苷酶活力;且PG、β-葡萄糖苷酶和POD与硬度具有线性相关性。     

农田冠层与大气水汽通量耦合分析

退耦因子 (Ω)是表征作物与周围大气水汽交换的重要指标。研究了引入Ω评价冬小麦与大气系统潜热通量的耦合度。一般在早晨和接近傍晚时作物与大气之间有较好的耦合度 ,主要是由于此时冠层导度 (gc)小 ;中午时由于风速很大 ,并且gc 达到全天最大值 ,作物与大气耦合度较差。Ω的季节变化由gc 控制 ,而gc受叶面积指数的影响。在拔节期以前有均衡潜热通量 (LEeq) >实际潜热通量 (LE) >强加潜热通量 (LEimp)的趋势 ,而在拔节期以后则呈强加潜热通量 (LEimp) >实际潜热通量 (LE) >均衡潜热通量 (LEeq)的变化趋势。     

3-硝基苯甲醛与硫代巴比妥酸固相反应的研究

研究了3－硝基民硫代巴比妥酸固相反应，选择了反应的最佳条件。该反应操作简便，产品易提纯，反应收率高。产物结构经^1H NMR、^13C NMR、IR和UV确证。     

Generation of calcium oscillations in fibroblasts by positive feedback between calcium and IP3

A wide variety of nonexcitable cells generate repetitive transient increases in cytosolic calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) when stimulated with agonists that engage the phosphoinositide signalling pathway. Current theories regarding the mechanisms of oscillation disagree on whether Ca2+ inhibits or stimulates its own release from internal stores and whether inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DG) also undergo oscillations linked to the Ca2+ spikes. In this study, Ca2+ was found to stimulate its own release in REF52 fibroblasts primed by mitogens plus depolarization. However, unlike Ca2+ release in muscle and nerve cells, this amplification was insensitive to caffeine or ryanodine and required hormone receptor occupancy and functional IP3 receptors. Oscillations in [Ca2+]i were accompanied by oscillations in IP3 concentration but did not require functional protein kinase C. Therefore, the dominant feedback mechanism in this cell type appears to be Ca2+ stimulation of phospholipase C once this enzyme has been activated by hormone receptors.     

Life and the evolution of Earth's atmosphere

Harvesting light to produce energy and oxygen (photosynthesis) is the signature of all land plants. This ability was co-opted from a precocious and ancient form of life known as cyanobacteria. Today these bacteria, as well as microscopic algae, supply oxygen to the atmosphere and churn out fixed nitrogen in Earth's vast oceans. Microorganisms may also have played a major role in atmosphere evolution before the rise of oxygen. Under the more dim light of a young sun cooler than today's, certain groups of anaerobic bacteria may have been pumping out large amounts of methane, thereby keeping the early climate warm and inviting. The evolution of Earth's atmosphere is linked tightly to the evolution of its biota.     

Torsional oscillations of the sun

The sun's differential rotation has a cyclic pattern of change that is tightly correlated with the sunspot, or magnetic activity, cycle. This pattern can be described as a torsional oscillation, in which the solar rotation is periodically sped up or slowed down in certain zones of latitude while elsewhere the rotation remains essentially steady. The zones of anomalous rotation move on the sun in wavelike fashion, keeping pace with and flanking the zones of magnetic activity. It is uncertain whether this torsional oscillation is a globally coherent ringing of the sun or whether it is a local pattern caused by and causing local changes in the magnetic fields. In either case, it may be an important link in the connection between the rotation and the cycle that is widely believed to exist but is not yet understood.     

热带森林植被冠层CO2储存项的估算方法研究

评价植被冠层CO2储存项有助于提高森林-大气层面净生态系统CO2交换量(FNEE)的估算精度.基于西双版纳热带季节雨林2年完整的涡度相关系统和CO2廓线的同步观测资料,详细分析涡度相关法(Fs-EC)和廓线法(Fs-PM)CO2储存项估算结果和变化趋势.结果表明:1)廓线法CO2储存项年平均日变化曲线相比涡度相关法能更...     

Calorimetric measurement of the energy difference between two solid surface phases

A recently designed single-crystal surface calorimeter has been deployed to measure the energy difference between two solid surface structures. The clean Pt{100} surface is reconstructed to a stable phase in which the surface layer of platinum atoms has a quasi-hexagonal structure. By comparison of the heats of adsorption of CO and of C(2)H(4) on this stable Pt{100}-hex phase with those on a metastable Pt{100}-(1x1) surface, the energy difference between the two clean phases was measured as 20 +/- 3 and 25 +/- 3 kilojoules per mole of surface platinum atoms.     

Stability of the martian atmosphere

A detailed chemical dynamic model is presented for a moist martian atmosphere. Recombination of carbon dioxide is catalyzed by trace amounts of water. The abundances of carbon monoxide and molecular oxygen should vary in response to changes in atmospheric water and atmospheric mixing.     

江淮流域梅雨期降水与大气低频振荡的联系

利用1979-2013 年长江淮河流域36 个测站降水资料和NCEP/NCAR 再分析资料,对 梅雨期降水偏多、偏少年低频振荡分析得出:长江淮河流域梅雨期偏多、偏少年降水存在10～ 20d和30～60d低频振荡,而10～20d振荡强度整体强于30～60d振荡。     

Transmission between pairs of hippocampal slice neurons: quantal levels, oscillations, and LTP

Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission after coincident pre- and postsynaptic activity is considered a cellular model of changes underlying learning and memory. In intact tissue, LTP has been observed only between populations of neurons, making analysis of mechanisms difficult. Transmission between individual pre- and postsynaptic hippocampal cells was studied, suggesting quantal amplitude distributions with little variability in quantal size. LTP between such pairs is manifested by large, persistent, and synapse-specific potentiation with a shift in amplitude distribution that suggests presynaptic changes. Oscillations in amplitude of transmission, apparently of presynaptic origin, are common and can be triggered by LTP.     

Acoustic oscillations in the early universe and today

During its first approximately 100,000 years, the universe was a fully ionized plasma with a tight coupling by Thompson scattering between the photons and matter. The trade-off between gravitational collapse and photon pressure causes acoustic oscillations in this primordial fluid. These oscillations will leave predictable imprints in the spectra of the cosmic microwave background and the present-day matter-density distribution. Recently, the BOOMERANG and MAXIMA teams announced the detection of these acoustic oscillations in the cosmic microwave background (observed at redshift approximately 1000). Here, we compare these CMB detections with the corresponding acoustic oscillations in the matter-density power spectrum (observed at redshift approximately 0.1). These consistent results, from two different cosmological epochs, provide further support for our standard Hot Big Bang model of the universe.