一种手机距离传感器数据优化算法的实现

通过对智能手机距离传感器工作原理和驱动工作流程的剖析,提出一种工厂校准方法,计算物体靠近、远离状态的门限阀值,使智能手机出厂时距离传感器检测距离一致。然后在工厂校准的基础上提出一种在距离传感器的驱动层代码中添加快速校准方法,进一步优化数据,以解决智能手机在有外部因素影响的情况下距离传感器检测失效问题。通过实验验证上述方法有效,能够达到手机出厂一致和解决距离传感器检测失效问题。     

雷云电场传感器的标定方法

介绍了电场测量传感器的标定原理和方法,进行误差分析并给出提高标定精度的措施。所设计的雷云电场传感器标定电场的范围为10V／m～50kV／m,标定误差小于15％。在我国目前尚未建立电场专业标准的情况下,通过设计的电场标定系统可对电场传感器进行标定校准,为电场测量数据的准确性提供依据。     

基于分布图与分批估计的自校准层融合算法研究

为增强数据处理对不确定因素的适应性和鲁棒性,在研究检测系统多传感器数据融合结构的基础上,提出基于分布图与分批估计的自校准层融合方法。采用分布图和分批估计的融合算法不需要传感器先验信息。理论分析和实验研究表明：分布图法对检测数据的一致性估计与最佳融合集相同;自校准层融合输出数据精度高于算术平均值,也优于分布图法消除不确定因素后数据的算术平均值。该算法尽可能多的保持现场数据,在某个传感器失效情况下,非失效传感器仍可独立提供可靠数据,适用于智能检测融合系统中自校准层的实时在线数据处理。     

微波传感器的信号识别及其应用

从微波传感器信号分析开始，论述了传感器输出A、B两相差动信号的识别电路及灵敏度的调整方法。给出了软件设计框图，并介绍了微波传感器的应用场合。     

一种多用途长度测量校准装置的设计

针对部分地方企业存在没能力或没必要购置大型测长精密仪器但又有测长需求的问题,通过集成创新设计出一种可实现多用途精准校准的长度计量校准装置。介绍了该装置的设计思路和具体结构,提出了具体校准方法。该装置不仅用途广泛、结构简单、易操作、易维护,而且校准准确,应用该装置可准确校准千分尺量杆、钢卷尺以及钢直尺等,进一步方便了基层计量单位的长度计量校准,具有较高的推广应用价值。     

DNQ1型能见度仪校准方法研究

简述DNQ1型能见度仪设备结构及工作原理和日常维护的方法.根据中国气象局综合观测司《前向散射能见度仪现场校准方法》(试行)的要求,对所辖10个国家地面观测站的能见度仪进行了现场校准,详细说明了不同型号新型自动站挂接同一型号能见度仪和同一型号能见度仪在新型自动站不同挂接方式校准方法,为基层台站能见度仪校准提供了有效的技术...     

自制测力仪用于木材三向切削力的测定

评定木材切削刀具的切削性能及切削表面的加工质量时，均需测定木材切削时的三向切削力：主切削力、进给力及侧向力，因此设计一台合适的三向测力仪成为关键。本文以单一八角环为基础，引申出单向延伸式八角环、组合式八角环及双向延伸式八角环测力仪，并逐一分析其结构特点及应用于木材三向切削力测定的可行性。最终确定双向延伸式四耳环八角环性能最优，并对其进行设计、制选、标定及切削试验。试验结果表明该型完全符合木材三向切削力测定的要求。     

沙柳材端向切削特性的研究

为了明确影响灌木材端向切削力的主要因素,改进削片机性能,提高灌木材削片质量,笔者研究了不同刀具前角、切削厚度和不同含水率对沙柳(Salix psammophila)材端向切削力的影响。结果表明刀具前角对法向力的影响较小,对主切削力影响较大;切削厚度对主切削力的影响较为明显,随切削厚度的增加,主切削力明显增加;沙柳材含水率15％以下主切削力随含水率增加略有增大,之后逐渐减小,其中含水率在30％-70％之间时,切削力变化不大。     

基于有限元的大型枝丫粉碎机切削力分析

对枝丫粉碎机的切削力进行研究,推导出切削力的计算公式,找出影响切削力的因素,并对受切削力作用的飞刀进行ANSYS有限元分析。     

传感器技术在机电一体化中的应用

介绍了传感器在机电一体化系统中的应用，并分析我国传感器技术发展的若干问题及发展方向。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.