陕西省森林火险等级预报和火灾对比分析

本文统计了１９８７年１～５月和１１～１２月火险等级预报与实况等级的相关关系。分析了火险预报与森林火灾的关系,提出了对火险预报的改进建议。     

田林县森林火灾气象条件分析及火险预报

田林县位于桂西北,林业资源丰富,是广西木材和桐油的主要生产地之一。但由于雨量季节分布不匀,干旱时间长,森林火灾频繁,给林业生产及生态平衡造成很大影响。据统计1958年至1988年,全县共发生森林火灾1432起,毁林面积三百多万亩,相当于现有总森林面积,可谓损失之大。本文通过对田林县森林火灾资料与气象资料进行相关分析及对     

森林火险预报研究进展

火灾是森林面临的最大灾害,且具有增加趋势,目前,美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等国已经研制了能完备的适合本国的火险预警系统,而中国由于起步较晚,还没有建立综合考虑气象、植被、地形等因素影响的国家级的森林火险预警系统,相关研究有待进一步加强。     

云南省森林火险等级预报系统

通过对云南省多个地方1950年到1980年气象测报数据进行分析,建立了适合云南省长期火险预报方法,实现了云南省长期森林火险趋势定量分析。对2006年云南省十六个地州市雨季气象资料进行计算,得到云南省各地州2007年森林长期火险等级,为防火工作提供科学依据。     

森林火险等级预报系统的开发

简要阐述了森林火险等级预报的基本内涵 ,系统开发的背景、意义、数据来源和系统功能特点 ,建立了利用地理信息系统进行区域森林火险等级预报的基本方法和过程。     

湖南省森林火灾多发性原因及森林火险等级预报

对湖南省森林火灾多发性原因进行了分析,并对森林火险等级标准进行了划分;针对气候因子对湖南省森林火灾发生的影响,得出了森林火险等级预报的模拟方程,并对湖南省森林火灾的预防提出了建议。     

榆林市森林火险气象等级预报预警系统

通过分析榆林市近年的森林火灾与气象因子的关系,利用指数查对法建立了森林火险天气预报系统,在森林防火警戒期间制作发布榆林市各县区森林火险天气预报,为社会公众及林业部门提供气象服务。     

澄城县森林火险等级预报方法

通过分析认为森林火灾发生与否,发生后的蔓延和扩大与气象条件关系密切,并根据澄城县实际情况,筛选出日最高气温、最小相对湿度和24小时降水量作为森林火险等级预报的因子、风作为林火等级核查因子,确定森林火险等级和林火蔓延等级。经过近一年在实际工作中的运用,效果不错,能够较好的对林火天气预报预测。     

CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF FOREST FIRES AND SUNSPOTS

This paper analyses the relationship of forest fires and sunspots in Heilongjiang Province in the past 40 years(1950—1989).The results indicated that each of the forest fire in-dexes such as forest fire rate(Y1),times of forest fire(Y2),average forest fire area for one time Y4(equals the Y5/Y2)and total forest fire area(Y5)has a negatlve correlation with mean annual relative sunspots of the same year;total times of forest fire inside and outside of forest stands(Y3)bus a positive correlation with sunspots The 5 indexes stated above has a similar re-lation to last year’s mean annual relative sunspots.     

Mapping forest fires by nonparametric clustering analysis

Fires have a noteworthy role to play with regards to ecological and environmental losses in Mediterranean forests. In addition to ecological impacts, fire may create economic, social as well as cultural changes. The detection of fire-scars has critical importance to help decrease losses. In the present study, forest fires recorded in Antalya, one of the most important ecological and tourist regions within the Western Mediterranean, were clustered and mapped. Since the dominant factors and devastation records derived from the cases had nominal-scaled properties, a categorical data-based nonparametric clustering algorithm was performed in this evaluation. The proposed tool, k-modes algorithm, uses modes instead of means for clustering. The algorithm may be implemented quickly and does not make distributional assumptions concerning the available data. It uses a frequency-based method to update the modes of the fires. The derived modes from the maps may be useful information for local authorities to manage. In conclusion, the proposed nonparametric clustering procedure may be employed to build a decision-support system to monitor and identify fire activities and to enhance fire management efficiency.     

山西省特有林木保育对策

介绍了山西省特有林木的分布情况,分析了山西省特有林木保护现状,并提出发展和保护这些特有林木的措施,为研究和合理利用山西省特有林木宝贵资源提供基础材料。     

山西省混交林现状与发展对策

分析了山西省林业现状和混交林的发展，对山西主要混交林类型进行了概述，指出该省混交林营造和研究中存在的问题及今后发展的对策与思路。     

Estimation of the carbon storage of forest vegetation and carbon emission from forest fires in Heilongjiang Province,China

The forest resource of Heilongjiang province has important position in china. On the basis of the six times of national forest inventory data （1973-1976, 1977-1981, 1985-1988, 1989-1993, 1994-1998, 1999-2003） surveyed by the Forestry Ministry of P. R. China from 1973 to 2003, the carbon storage of forests in Heilongjiang Province are estimated by using the method of linear relationship of each tree species between biomass and volume. The results show that the carbon storage of Heilongjiang forests in the six periods （1973-1976, 1977-1981, 1985-1988, 1989-1993, 1994-1998, 1999-2003） are 7.164×10^8 t, 4.871×10^8 t, 5.094×10^8 t, 5.292×10^8 t, 5.594×10^8 t and 5.410×10^8 t, respectively., which showed a trend of decreasing in early time and then increasing. It indicated that Heilongjiang forests play an important role as a sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide during past 30 years. Based on the data of forest fires from 1980 to 1999 and ground biomass estimation for some forest types in Heilongjiang Province, it is estimated that the amount of mean annual consumed biomass of forests is 391758.65t-522344.95t, accounting for 6.4%-8.4% of total national consummation from forest fires, and the amount of carbon emission is 176 291.39t-235 055.23t, about 8% of total national emission from forest fires. The emission of CO2, CO, CH4 and NMHC from forest fires in Heilongjiang Province are estimated at 581761.6-775682.25 t, 34892.275-46523.04 t, 14091.11-18788.15 t and 6500-9000 t, respectively, every year.     

城市森林火灾成因及预防扑救技术

随着经济发展和人们生活水平的提高,人们更愿意在森林中或靠近森林的地方居住。但伴随而来的是居民用火对森林造成威胁,与此同时,森林火灾也对居民住宅带来隐患。住宅在森林中的出现导致森林火灾的危险性增高,住宅、木棚、院落、车库及其他建筑物分布靠近森林,也给森林火灾的预防和扑救敲响警钟,近年来"家火上山,山火进城"的情况屡有发生,需加强有关研究。       

虫害暴发与森林火灾发生的动态交互影响

森林虫害和森林火灾是最重要的自然干扰因子,且二者之间存在一定的动态交互影响。文章综述了二者之间的相互影响及其机制。森林火灾主要通过影响林分结构和年龄、树脂流量和树干熏黑高度,以及昆虫与寄主树木的相互营养关系影响虫害发生。虫害则能改变可燃物载量及林分结构进而影响森林火灾发生风险。了解二者之间的关系,对森林资源管理以及森林生态研究都具有重要的参考价值。     

我国林业有害生物危害性评价

第三次全国林业有害生物普查(2014-2017年),共计普查林业有害生物6 201种。为进一步明确国家层面的重点林业有害生物,有针对性地采取相应的管理对策,依据危害性评价指标体系,对281种有害生物进行危害性评价。结果表明,1种林业有害生物列为一级,52种林业有害生物列为二级,97种林业有害生物列为三级,131种林业有害生物列为四级。分别提出分级管理对策,为有效提高林业有害生物管理水平提供参考。     

Spatial fluctuation of forest fires and their regional behaviors

Historical forest fire records from Alaska State (1950–2000), California State (1895-2001), USA and Heilongjiang Province (1980–1999), China were used to calculate the longitude and latitude of the annual burned area’s centroids for these regions. Fluctuation phenomena by year were analyzed using spectrum analysis. The results show that centroids of burned areas in these three regions are in a fluctuating condition that encircles the distribution center. The distribution centers are 151.11°W, 64.96°N in Alaska State, 120.02°W, 37.11°N in California State and 127.07°E, 49.59°N in Heilongjiang Province, respectively. The fluctuation of the burned area’s centroids in Alaska State and California State in longitude has obvious periodicity, and the periodicities are 4.2 years, 6.25 years in Alaska State and 6.24 years, 106 years in California State. The fluctuation of the burned area’s centroids in Heilongjiang Province has a periodicity both in longitude and latitude, and the periodicities are both 3.3 years, 6.67 years. Fluctuation of the burned area’s centroids in Alaska State and California State in latitude does not have periodicity, and big forest fires with low frequencies predominate. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2006, 42(5): 89–103 [译自: 林业科学]