17S U2 snRNP中不可或缺的剪接因子SF3a的研究进展

剪接体由snRNPs(small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles)和非snRNPs蛋白质组成,能通过剪接作用对内含子进行精确切除,形成成熟有活性的mRNA。SF3a是哺乳动物U2型主要剪接体中不可或缺的成分,参与形成有活性的17S U2 snRNP,由SF3a60、SF3a66、SF3a120构成。SF3a120与SF3a60和SF3a66互作,但SF3a60与SF3a66并不互作。文中对17U2 snRNP中的剪接因子SF3a的研究进展进行了阐述,证明了SF3a对于细胞的形态、分化、正常的生长发育具有重要作用。     

The needle length of bacterial injectisomes is determined by a molecular ruler

Size determination represents a fundamental requirement for multicomponent biological structures. Some pathogenic bacteria possess a weapon derived from the flagellum. Like the flagellum, this type-III secretion apparatus, called the injectisome, has a transmembrane basal body, but the external component is a needle-like structure instead of a hook and a filament. Here, we provide evidence that the length of this needle is determined by the size of a protein, YscP, acting as a molecular ruler.     

Aldh3a2a敲除对斑马鱼体色的影响

本研究探讨了Aldh3a2a在斑马鱼色素细胞发育中的意义及其对醛代谢和肝脏健康的影响。利用CRISPR/Cas9技术,我们成功敲除斑马鱼体内的aldh3a2a,导致黑色素细胞、黄色素细胞和虹彩细胞合成数量减少。转录组分析揭示了基因表达谱的变化,特别是与钾通道和类固醇生物合成途径相关的基因表达谱。我们的研究结果表明,aldh3a2a和aldh1a2之间存在调控关系,对视黄酸受体信号传导有影响。GO和KEGG富集分析强调了对色素细胞发育以外的细胞过程的更广泛影响。此外,aldh3a2a基因敲除会导致醛积累,导致肝脏异常,类似于Sj?gren-Larsson综合征,本研究揭示了aldh3a2a在斑马鱼中的多方面作用及其与人类遗传疾病的相关性。     

关于打造农业精品期刊的思考

详细分析了制约农业精品期刊产生的主要因素,提出通过采取树立品牌意识,明确刊物定位,突出办刊特色,打造一支高素质复合型的人才队伍,发展集团化经营等系列措施,打造农业精品期刊。     

鲤slc15a1基因的多克隆抗体制备及其表达分析

鲤(Cyprinus carpio)slc15a1基因是利用质子梯度逆浓度转运小肽和肽类似物到各种组织细胞内的一种低亲和力、高容量的转运载体,该基因在免疫反应中也起到重要作用。从蛋白质水平上探究slc15a1(slc15a1a和slc15a1b)基因在鲤体内免疫应答机制中的变化,将slc15a1a和slc15a1b基因含有部分抗原决定簇的片段加入双酶切位点BamHⅠ和HindⅢ后连接至pET-32a(+),构建表达载体,并成功制备鼠源slc15a1a和slc15a1b基因多克隆抗体。采用ELISA法检测抗体效价,获得的鼠抗Slc15a1a和Slc15a1b的效价分别为8.1×10⁵和2.7×10⁵。在嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)感染后,Slc15a1a和Slc15a1b的最高蛋白表达水平与空白对照相比,分别增加了3.39和2.85倍,说明本实验制备的多克隆抗体具有较高的亲和力、特异性和较强的免疫原性,能够及时地诱导机体产生免疫应答。Slc15a1a在嗜水气单胞菌感染后3 h和6 h迅速做出高表达量响应,在12 h后开始出现表达水平的下降,但Slc15a1b在3~24 h时却一直维持着较稳定的高表达响应,表明Slc15a1a和Slc15a1b之间具有一定的表达差异。在感染过程中,Slc15a1a的表达量基本高于Slc15a1b,因此slc15a1a基因可能是slc15a1基因的主效基因,在鲤免疫应答过程中发挥重要作用。     

运用CRISPR/Cas9技术对斑马鱼前肾表达基因的敲除研究

CRISPR/Cas9是目前最热门的基因编辑技术,是进行基因敲除的有效手段.斑马鱼是一种常用的研究脊椎动物器官发育的模式生物,本实验选取10个斑马鱼前肾表达基因atp1a1a1,atp1a1a.2,atp1a1a.3,atp1a1a.4,atp1a1a.5,pkd2,aqp3a,bmper,isl2a和tbx2a,运用CRISPR/Cas9技术进行基因敲除以研究肾脏发育.经过三代筛选,每个基因获得了至少一种移码突变.突变体的初步表型分析显示,10个基因中只有atp1a1a.2和pkd2基因突变可以导致斑马鱼胚胎发育缺陷,隐性致死,这与已经报道的突变体或基因敲降结果类似.上述结果表明CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术可在斑马鱼中高效地进行基因敲除,获得的突变体为以后深入研究斑马鱼前肾发育提供了重要材料.     

小波分析在树木气象学中的应用

利用Meyer小波函数,对太阳活动,欧洲湿润林年轮宽度的相对指数、模数序列进行小波分析,得到在不同分辨率上的周期有80～90、33、22、11、6、3 a周期,其作用较大的周期是80～90 a和¨a周期.在低频上,太阳活动有随时间尺度增加的趋势.欧洲赤松林年轮宽度的周期有80 a左右的周期,40、15、10、5～6 a的周期.从逼近信息看,123 a来树木年轮宽度的相对模数的时间尺度基本平稳略有下降之势.欧洲赤松林年轮宽度与太阳活动有密切关系,在24分辨率上太阳活动与欧洲赤松林年轮相对指数都有3个周期,其     

《长恨歌》中杨贵妃命运的文化解读

被誉为古代四大美女之一的杨贵妃,从青春华茂到悲辛收场,最终难逃“红颜薄命”的宿命。作为封建帝王的一个玩物,她的死既是一个爱情悲剧,更是一个政治斗争的牺牲品。     

盆栽水稻水分消耗检测系统的研制

为了准确检测纸膜覆盖对水稻植株蒸腾、地表蒸发和耕层渗漏的影响，本试验研制了盆栽条件下的水稻水分消耗检测系统，它由动态电阻应变仪、输出面板、计算机或万用表、土槽传感器、渗漏传感器、种植作物的土槽、水箱、漏斗、土槽，水箱配重、吊索和机架等组成。该系统的特点是，通过配重平衡了系统的静态质量，能对静态质量较大，但质量的动态变化值很小的质量变化动态系统进行实时检测，结构简单、造价较低。标定试验结果表明，研制的系统精度和灵敏度较高。该系统可以用于其他作物的水分消耗及其他类似质量动态变化系统的检测。     

不同降水年型旱地小麦覆盖对产量及水分利用效率的影响

【目的】明确旱地麦田休闲期覆盖的蓄水增产效果和生育期覆盖播种的节水增产效果,探索旱地小麦不同降水年型休闲期覆盖和生育期覆盖的保水技术新途径。【方法】于2011-2014年在山西闻喜县开展大田试验,以休闲期覆盖渗水地膜与不覆盖为主区,以生育期膜际条播、条播为副区,研究覆盖对旱地麦田3 m内土壤水分、小麦产量构成、水分利用效率和节水增产效率的影响。【结果】休闲期覆盖较不覆盖处理提高了播种期0-300 cm土层土壤蓄水量,丰水年达40-41 mm,平水年达55-58 mm,欠水年达70 mm,且欠水年更有利于蓄积土壤水分于深层,显著提高了不同降水年型休闲期土壤蓄水效率,达到20%以上,其覆盖的蓄水效果可延续至孕穗期,且生育期配套膜际条播效果更佳。休闲期覆盖较不覆盖处理显著提高小麦穗数、产量和水分利用效率,产量提高20%以上,水分利用效率提高15%以上,且生育期配套膜际条播小麦穗粒数、千粒重也显著提高。结果还表明,休闲期覆盖处理小麦播种期土壤水分每多蓄1 mm,丰水年小麦可增产21-27 kg·hm^-2,平水年可增产16-18 kg·hm^-2,欠水年可增产13-24 kg·hm^-2,且休闲期覆盖条件下,生育期膜际条播播种对产量的提升有较大的调控作用。生育期地膜覆盖保水后,旱地麦田节水、增产效果提高,单位粮食生产节水量提高10%以上,消耗1 mm土壤水分产量提高11%以上。【结论】旱地小麦休闲期覆盖有利于蓄积休闲期降雨,改善底墒,尤其欠水年蓄水效果更佳,有利于提高小麦花前土壤水分,促进有效穗数的形成,提高产量,且生育期膜际条播播种效果更佳。底墒充足时,生育期膜际条播播种有利于提高旱地麦田的节水增产效果,而欠水年底墒不足时,会导致水分浪费和减产。     

确定相贯线上一些特殊点的作图法

提出了圆柱与圆锥正交、圆锥与球偏交、圆柱与球偏交等三种情况下确定相贯线上特殊点的数学模型及相应的作图法,为实现回转体相贯线的计算机辅助绘图提供了理论基础,为实际工程应用提供了一种快速精确的作图方法．     

全球变暖背景下重庆主要气象灾害变化趋势

利用重庆地区34个气象台站1961-2008年逐日降水量、平均气温、最高气温和雷暴、冰雹、大风、雾和霾天气现象资料,分析了重庆高温干旱、暴雨、连阴雨、雷暴、冰雹、大风、雾和霾等主要气象灾害的变化趋势.统计结果表明:近48年重庆地区春旱、伏旱和冬旱日数都呈下降趋势,而夏旱和秋旱日数都呈增加趋势,其中春旱日数的减少趋势明显,减少速率为-1.7d/10a;高温日数具有先减少后增多的年代际变化特征,20世纪90年代以来呈明显增加趋势;暴雨日数在20世纪80年代和90年代为多发时段;连阴雨日数整体呈增多趋势,增加速率为1.2d/10a.近36年重庆地区雷暴、冰雹、大风和霾日数的变化特征类似,都呈显著的单调减少趋势,减少速率分别为-3.0,-0.05,-0.6,-1.5d/10a;雾日数整体呈减少趋势,减少速率为-2.2d/10a,同时具有先增多后减少的年代际变化特征.     

The mysteries of lipoprotein(a)

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a macromolecular complex found in human plasma that combines structural elements from the lipoprotein and blood clotting systems and that is associated with premature coronary heart disease and stroke. It is assembled from low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and a large hydrophilic glycoprotein called apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)], which is homologous to the protease zymogen plasminogen. Plasma Lp(a) concentrations vary 1000-fold between individuals and represent a continuous quantitative genetic trait with a skewed distribution in Caucasian populations. Variation in the hypervariable apo(a) gene on chromosome 6q2.6-q2.7 and interaction of apo(a) alleles with defective LDL-receptor genes explain a large fraction of the variability of plasma Lp(a) concentrations. Though of high theoretical and practical interest, many aspects of the metabolism, function, evolution, and regulation of plasma concentrations of Lp(a) are presently unknown, controversial, or mysterious.     

刺桐姬小蜂生殖系统解剖研究及产卵行为观察

对刺桐姬小蜂成蜂生殖系统进行解剖研究,并观察其产卵行为。结果表明:雌性生殖系统由1对卵巢、1对侧输卵管、中输卵管、受精囊和外生殖器等组成。雄性生殖系统由1对睾丸、1对输精管、1对附腺、射精管和阳茎等组成。雌成虫的每个卵巢平均有卵巢管9~13条,每条卵巢管平均有卵3~7粒,卵巢管内的总卵数平均为54~182粒。刺桐姬小蜂的产卵过程可分为寻找产卵位置、穿刺与试探、产卵、休憩与梳理4个步骤。     

Parallel and serial neural mechanisms for visual search in macaque area V4

To find a target object in a crowded scene, a face in a crowd for example, the visual system might turn the neural representation of each object on and off in a serial fashion, testing each representation against a template of the target item. Alternatively, it might allow the processing of all objects in parallel but bias activity in favor of those neurons that represent critical features of the target, until the target emerges from the background. To test these possibilities, we recorded neurons in area V4 of monkeys freely scanning a complex array to find a target defined by color, shape, or both. Throughout the period of searching, neurons gave enhanced responses and synchronized their activity in the gamma range whenever a preferred stimulus in their receptive field matched a feature of the target, as predicted by parallel models. Neurons also gave enhanced responses to candidate targets that were selected for saccades, or foveation, reflecting a serial component of visual search. Thus, serial and parallel mechanisms of response enhancement and neural synchrony work together to identify objects in a scene. To find a target object in a crowded scene, a face in a crowd for example, the visual system might turn the neural representation of each object on and off in a serial fashion, testing each representation against a template of the target item. Alternatively, it might allow the processing of all objects in parallel but bias activity in favor of those neurons that represent critical features of the target, until the target emerges from the background. To test these possibilities, we recorded neurons in area V4 of monkeys freely scanning a complex array to find a target defined by color, shape, or both. Throughout the period of searching, neurons gave enhanced responses and synchronized their activity in the gamma range whenever a preferred stimulus in their receptive field matched a feature of the target, as predicted by parallel models. Neurons also gave enhanced responses to candidate targets that were selected for saccades, or foveation, reflecting a serial component of visual search. Thus, serial and parallel mechanisms of response enhancement and neural synchrony work together to identify objects in a scene.     

The theropod ancestry of birds: new evidence from the late cretaceous of madagascar

A partial skeleton of a primitive bird, Rahona ostromi, gen. et sp. nov., has been discovered from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. This specimen, although exhibiting avian features such as a reversed hallux and ulnar papillae, retains characteristics that indicate a theropod ancestry, including a pubic foot and hyposphene-hypantra vertebral articulations. Rahona has a robust, hyperextendible second digit on the hind foot that terminates in a sicklelike claw, a unique characteristic of the theropod groups Troodontidae and Dromaeosauridae. A phylogenetic analysis places Rahona with Archaeopteryx, making Rahona one of the most primitive birds yet discovered.     

灰葡萄孢菌诱导的百合转录辅激活因子LlMBF1a基因的克隆及其特征分析

转录辅激活因子MBF1a参与了植物对病原真菌的防御反应。利用电子克隆结合RT-PCR技术从百合中分离了LlMBF1a基因,其开放阅读框长429 bp,编码142个氨基酸。LlMBF1a分子量为15.53 ku,理论等电点为10.12,为稳定的水溶性非分泌蛋白,含有典型的MBF1结构域和α螺旋-转角-α螺旋模序。亚细胞定位分析表明,LlMBF1a主要在细胞核中表达。LlMBF1a在根、茎、鳞茎、叶中的表达量无显著差异,受灰葡萄孢菌侵染诱导表达且在相对抗病品种中持续高水平表达,表明LlMBF1a可能参与了百合对灰霉病的抗性反应。     

科学“运”权：推进反腐倡廉建设科学化的关键

解决腐败问题的关键是要健全权力运行制约和监督机制,推进权力运行程序化和公开透明。通过树立科学善治的权力观,启动反腐倡廉建设的＂思想引擎＂,构建科学合理的权制结构,打造反腐倡廉建设的＂民主利器＂,增加权力运行的透明度,搭建反腐倡廉建设的＂可视化平台＂,提升权力制约的法治化水平,建构反腐倡廉建设的＂刚性要件＂,提高权力运行程序的严密化程度,编织反腐倡廉建设的＂缚权网络＂,运用高科技手段制约权力,构筑反腐倡廉建设的＂科技屏障＂等,从而逻辑地形成＂思想引领—权制昌明—政务透明—法治规范—程序保障—科技手段＂这样＂六位一体＂的科学＂运＂权机制,这是构建惩治和预防腐败体系的重要内容,也是推进反腐倡廉建设科学化的关键所在。     

抚仙湖流域水土流失与入湖污染负荷量调查研究

对抚仙湖流域水土流失进行调查,对流失泥沙的营养元素进行测试,结果流域内水土流失面积146.01 km2,土壤侵蚀量54.7×104t/a,入湖泥沙量21.2×104t/a。随泥沙携带入湖中的各种营养元素:有机质4 793 t/a、全氮256.1 t/a、有效氮24 t/a、全磷352.5 t/a、有效磷10.69 t/a、全钾4 442 t/a、有效钾49.41 t/a。长期年复输入加重了湖泊的淤积及入湖污染负荷量。     

Structural studies on transfer RNA: preliminary crystallographic analysis

Single-crystal diffraction patterns from Escherichia coli leucine tRNA and yeast formylmethionine tRNA show a tetragonal lattice for the former, with a = 46 angstroms and c = 137 angstroms, and a hexagonal lattice for the latter, with a = 115 angstroms and c = 137 angstroms. Initial analysis suggests a molecule with a long, double helix parallel to the c-axis for both crystals.