苯酚在BS-Tw80复配修饰膨润土和高岭土上吸附的比较

以不同阳离子交换量(CEC)的膨润土和高岭土为基质,采用两性表面修饰剂十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)+非离子表面修饰剂吐温80(Tw80,T)进行复配修饰,以批处理法对比研究了不同修饰比例、温度、离子强度和pH条件下,两性复配修饰膨润土和高岭土对苯酚吸附的效果,并从吸附等温线、温度效应和热力学角度探讨比较了吸附机制.结果表明,土样CEC是影响复配修饰土样对苯酚吸附的关键因素,相同比例两性复配修饰的膨润土对苯酚吸附量均高于高岭土.不同因素对于复配修饰膨润土和高岭土吸附苯酚的影响总体具有良好的一致性,复配修饰均显著增强了膨润土和高岭土对苯酚的吸附能力,两种不同基质的50倍CEC的BS-12修饰基础上不同碳碳比例 Tw80(50BS+T)修饰土样随Tw80修饰比例加大对苯酚吸附量增大,100倍CEC的BS-12修饰基础上不同碳碳比例 Tw80(100BS+T)修饰土样随Tw80修饰比例加大对苯酚吸附量降低,复配修饰两种吸附基质对苯酚吸附量均随着温度、pH的升高而降低,随着离子强度的增大而升高.Henry模型适用于描述苯酚在各供试土样的吸附.BS+T复配修饰膨润土对苯酚的吸附决定于焓减和熵增,是多种吸附形式并重的吸附机制,而BS+T复配修饰高岭土是焓减决定的以疏水分配吸附为主的吸附机制.     

羧甲基纤维素钠-改性膨润土复合凝胶的制备及缓释性能

采用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)凝胶加入改性膨润土的方法制备缓释肥料,考察CMC、膨润土和尿素质量浓度及交联剂浓度对羧甲基纤维素钠-改性膨润土复合凝胶缓释效果的影响,并利用扫描电镜进行表征。结果表明,在凝胶中加入膨润土有效的延长了尿素释放时间,质量浓度30g/L的CMC、25g/L的膨润土、50g/L的尿素及0.10mol/L交联剂制得的复合凝胶缓释效果最佳,释放80%的尿素需要20d;利用扫描电镜,可以观察到在缓释颗粒表面存在孔洞,整个释放过程中缓释颗粒的整体结构依然存在,说明颗粒有一定缓释能力。     

Chemisorption of water at high temperatures on kaolinite: effect on dehydroxylation

The dehydroxylation reaction of kaolinite in a vacuum at 425 degrees C is halted by introducing a water vapor pressure of 47 mm-Hg, and is resumed when the vacuum is reestablished. The sample gains weight corresponding to an approximately monomotecular layer of water on the kaolinite surface. At the temperatures and vapor pressures involved, the sorption is considered to be a chemisorption process.     

Temperature measurements in carbonatite lava lakes and flows from oldoinyo lengai, Tanzania

The petrogenesis of carbonatites has important implications for mantle processes and for the magmatic evolution of mantle melts rich in carbon dioxide. Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania, is the only active carbonatite volcano on Earth. Its highly alkalic, sodium-rich lava, although different in composition from the more common calcium-rich carbonatites, provides the opportunity for observations of the physical characteristics of carbonatite melts. Temperature measurements on active carbonatitic lava flows and from carbonatitic lava lakes were carried out during a period of effusive activity in June 1988. Temperatures ranged from 491 degrees to 519 degrees C. The highest temperature, measured from a carbonatitic lava lake, was 544 degrees C. These temperatures are several hundred degrees lower than measurements from any silicate lava. At the observed temperatures, the carbonatite melt had lower viscosities than the most fluid basaltic lavas. The unusually low magmatic temperatures were confirmed with 1-atmosphere melting experiments on natural samples.     

Agglomeration of ash in fluidized beds gasifying coal: the godel phenomenon

In a bed of anthracite or bituminous coke fluidized by air at 10 to 15 meters per second at 1200 degrees to 1400 degrees C, molten ash forms beads on the surface of a coke particle, some exuding from its interior. The beads merge and detach them-selves to grow further as loose fluidized ash agglomerates of low carbon content.     

Late Bronze Age glass production at Qantir-Piramesses, Egypt

It has been uncertain whether the glass produced during the Late Bronze Age (LBA) originated in Egypt or Mesopotamia. Here we present evidence for the production of glass from its raw materials in the eastern Nile Delta during the LBA. Glass was made in workshops that were separate from where the production of objects took place. The initial melting of the raw materials to semi-finished glass was done at temperatures of 900 degrees to 950 degrees C, followed by coloration and ingot production at 1000 degrees to 1100 degrees C.     

Kaolmite layer structure: relaxation by dehydroxylation

Single-crystal electron-diffraction data reveal features of metakaolin. The basal plane parameters increase 2.2 percent in formation of metakaolin produced by heating kaolinite in air at 700 degrees C for 12 hours. This increase results from removal of the distortion of sheet structure (relaxation).     

Oxygen consumption of red and white muscles from tuna fishes

Metabolic rates of unstimulated, minced preparations of red and white muscles from two species of Pacific tuna fishes (Katsuwonus pelamis and Thunnus obesus) were determined from respirometric measurements of oxygen consumption. Ratios of mean metabolic rates for red muscles to those of white muscles averaged 6.2 at five temperatures over the range of 5 degrees to 35 degrees C. Temperature coefficients (Q10's) for mean metabolic rates for both types of muscle were between 1.0 and 1.2 over the entire temperature range. Metabolic rates of tuna red muscles were equal to those of preparations of mixed red and white muscle from the white rat at 25 degrees and 35 degrees C, and were higher than the mammalian rates at lower temperatures.     

Heat production and temperature regulation in eastern skunk cabbage

The spadix of Symplocarpus foetidus L. maintains an internal temperature 15 degrees to 35 degrees C above ambient air temperatures of -15 degrees to +15 degrees C. For at least 14 days it consumes oxygen at a rate comparable to that of homeothermic animals of equivalent size. Temperature regulation is accomplished by variations in respiratory rate.     

凹土基悬浮滤料制备与性能研究

[目的]研究凹土基悬浮滤料的制备方法与性能特点。[方法]利用凹土、玻璃微珠、粉煤灰漂珠复配制备凹土基悬浮滤料,并测定滤料对废水CODCr及NH+4-N的处理效果。[结果]凹土、玻璃微珠、粉煤灰漂珠适宜添加重量比为5∶3∶3;最佳烧结温度为900℃;制得的滤料密度在0.173~0.921 g/cm3。废水处理试验结果表明,对CODCr处理效果可达95.0%,对NH+4-N处理效果可达95.6%。[结论]制备的凹土基悬浮滤料性能良好,可用于废水的处理。     

Cooperative critical thermal transition of potassium accumulation in smooth muscle

The steady-state levels of potassium and sodium of taenia coli of guinea are critically affected by varying temperature in the narrow range 12 degrees to degrees C. For the accumulation of both cations the critical temperature, T(c), is 13.8 degrees C the presence of millimolar external potassium. The value of T(c), decreases 10.0 degrees C when the external potassium is raised to 10 millimolar. Since, at a fixed Temperature, the potassium accumulation follows a cooperative mechanism, the results are compared with the quantitative predictions of this approach. The itical thermal transition behavior can be described in terms of the cooperative cumulation process.     

Activity Coefficients of Aqueous Sodium Chloride from 15{degrees} to 50{degrees}C Measured with a Glass Electrode

Values of the mean activity coefficient of sodium chloride at 15 degrees , 250, 380 and 50 degrees C were determined for aqueous NaCl solutions of 0.01 to 1.0 molal from electromotive force measurements on the cell: (sodium-sensitive glass electrode, aqueous sodium chloride, silver chloride-silver).     

Diffusion of Cesium Ions in H2O-Saturated Granitic Melt

The intrinsic self-diffusion coefficient (D) for cesium-134 in a granitic melt containing 6.1 to 6.3 percent (by weight) of dissolved H(2)O is three to four orders of magnitude higher than the values reported for chemically similar but dry granitic glass. For the temperature interval 700 degrees to 800 degrees C and a confining pressure of 2 kilobars, cesium diffusivity is given by D = 7.19 x 10(-5) exp (- 19.52 x 10(3)/RT), where R is the gas constant and T is the absolute temperature; the activation energy of about 20 kilocalories per mole is less than half the value for H(2)O-free glass. The observed increase in ionic mobility that accompanies solution of H(2)O implies sharply reduced equilibration times for chemical processes that occur in H(2)2O-bearing silicate melts.     

Methylation of trimethyltin compounds by estuarine sediments

Both biologically active and autoclaved sediments convert trimethyltin hydroxide to the volatile tetramethyltin. Larger amounts of tetramethyltin were formed in the bioactive sediments than in the sterile sediments. No volatile tin compounds were detected in the absence of trimethyltin hydroxide or from trimethyltin hydroxide in seawater or in seawater containing bentonite. The formation of tetramethyltin is slow, taking over 80 days at 16 degrees C to reach a maximum. The extent of conversion, although significant, is not extensive. The formation of tetramethyltin occurs in estuarine sediments by both abiotic and biologically enhanced pathways. A redistribution mechanism accounts for at least the abiotic pathway and possibly both formation pathways.     

东北山葡萄酵母菌基因组DNA提取方法的比较研究

利用液氮研磨法、蜗牛酶法和玻璃珠法提取东北山葡萄分离的酵母菌株S60基因组DNA,采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳、微量核酸蛋白测定仪和PCR方法检测基因组DNA的纯度和浓度。结果显示,蜗牛酶法提取的酵母菌基因组DNA纯度最好、浓度最高;液氮研磨法提取的基因组DNA浓度虽然较高,但含有较多的蛋白等杂质;玻璃珠法提取的酵母菌基因组DNA纯度和浓度均最低。     

草酸对高岭石中铝-硅释放的影响

【目的】了解水洗和酸洗高岭石在草酸溶液中的长期溶解效应及其相对溶解能力。【方法】采用间歇法(batchmethod)。【结果】水洗和酸洗高岭石反应液中Al、Si离子浓度均随草酸浓度的增加而升高;而酸洗高岭石中Al、Si离子更易释放;反应前期高岭石表现为Al的优先释放,而反应后期Al、Si趋于同步释放,而水洗高岭石Al和Si开始趋于同步释放的时间早于酸洗高岭石;高岭石的溶解速率是随草酸浓度的增加而提高,较一般无机酸高1个数量级左右,且酸洗高岭石的溶解速率(RSi)大于水洗高岭石的,而其溶解速率在本研究浓度范围内,并未表现出对草酸浓度的饱和性。【结论】草酸能显著促进高岭石Al和Si的释放,且酸洗高岭石较水洗高岭石更易溶解。     

Activity coefficients of aqueous potassium chloride measured with a potassium-sensitive glass electrode

Values of gamma(+/-KCl) over temperature and molality ranges of 10 degrees to 50 degrees C and 0.01 to 1.0 molal were determined with an electromotive-force cell: potas sium-sensitive glass electrode, KCl (molality), Ag-AgCl. A more satisfactory method than is commonly employed was devised for treating the experimental measurements of potential.     

New method for manipulation,maintenance, and cloning of single mammalian cells in vitro

Individual mammalian cells can be isolated with the aid of easily handled glass beads to which the cells have become attached. Procedures for the preparation of cell cultures on beads, and for the recognition and manipulation of beads carrying single monocytes, HeLa cells, and Detroit-98 cells are described. Data obtained with Brucella infected monocytes, illustrating the efficiency of the method, are presented.     

Magnetic studies of lunar samples

The remanent magnetismn of a lunar type C breccia sample includes a large viscous component with a time constant of several hours, and a high coercivity remanence, possibly acquired by impact processes on the lunar surface. Ilmenite(?) and metallic iron in breccias, and ferrous and metallic iron in glass beads separated from lunar fines (type D) were identified by high-field and low-temperature experiments. The iron appears to occur in a wide range of grain sizes including the single domain and multidomain states.     

Regulation of oceanic silicon and carbon preservation by temperature control on bacteria

We demonstrated in laboratory experiments that temperature control of marine bacteria action on diatoms strongly influences the coupling of biogenic silica and organic carbon preservation. Low temperature intensified the selective regeneration of organic matter by marine bacteria as the silicon:carbon preservation ratio gradually increased from approximately 1 at 33 degrees C to approximately 6 at -1.8 degrees C. Temperature control of bacteria-mediated selective preservation of silicon versus carbon should help to interpret and model the variable coupling of silicon and carbon sinking fluxes and the spatial patterns of opal accumulation in oceanic systems with different temperature regimes.