鹅掌柴提取物的抗氧化活性

从清除超氧阴离子自由基(O-2)、还原力、清除DPPH自由基、清除羟基自由基(·OH)等方面,研究鹅掌柴提取物的抗氧化活性.结果表明:鹅掌柴提取物对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的清除能力较强,清除率分别为78.57%和74.99%,对脂质体过氧化的的抑制率为21.41%;与VE、VC、BHT相比,鹅掌柴提取物的还原能力和对Fe2+的络合能力也较强;但对超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力较弱.因此.鹅掌柴提取物是一种抗氧化功效较强的活性物质,具有很好的保健功能.     

桃金娘果实提取物抗氧化活性研究

以去除种子后的桃金娘果实为试验材料,分别采用等体积的水与体积分数80%甲醇进行提取,测定2种提取物的总酚与总黄酮含量,并对2种提取物的DPPH自由基与ABTS自由基清除能力以及总抗氧化能力进行评价。结果表明,桃金娘果实的2种提取物均具有不同程度的多酚含量与抗氧化活性,体积分数80%甲醇提取物的总酚与总黄酮含量、DPPH与ABTS自由基清除能力以及总抗氧化能力均显著高于水提取物。研究结果表明,桃金娘果实多酚物质具有良好的抗氧化活性。     

香辛料提取物的抗氧化活性

以16种香辛料为原料,采用超声波辅助萃取法提取其抗氧化成分,以DPPH清除率和抑制邻苯三酚自氧化反应速率为指标,测定该16种香辛料提取物的抗氧化活性.结果表明:16种香辛料中草果的抗氧化性最好,但提取率偏低;桂皮与草果的提取率和抗氧化性差异不大;而香叶的提取率和抗氧化性均较好.     

露兜果实的抗氧化及抗菌活性研究

采用分光光度法,考察露兜果实浸膏的多酚含量及其对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵(ABTS)自由基和羟自由基的清除活性,并采用生物自显影技术,考察露兜果实浸膏对马铃薯炭疽病菌、草莓炭疽病菌及黄柏炭疽病菌的抑制作用。结果表明：露兜果实浸膏中多酚含量为152.6 μg/mg,对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基和羟自由基均具有一定的清除活性,且呈现量效关系;此外,还发现其对马铃薯炭疽病菌和草莓炭疽病菌的生长均有一定的抑制作用。     

椰子纳塔培养液的抗氧化活性

以新鲜和发酵后椰子纳塔培养液提取物为试验材料,在测定提取物总酚含量的基础上(总酚含量新鲜纳塔培养液提取物1.86mg/mL±0.01 mg/mL,发酵纳塔培养液提取物1.36mg/mL±0.01 mg/mL),研究了2种培养液提取物对脂质过氧化的抑制作用、DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的清除作用、Fe~(2+)的络合能力以及Fe~(3+)的还原能力,同时以BHT、没食子酸为对照.结果表明,2种培养液提取物均具有明显的抗氧化性.新鲜培养液对脂质过氧化的抑制作用、DPPH自由基和羟基自由基清除作用、Fe~(2+)络合能力、Fe~(3+)的还原能力均高于发酵后培养液提取物的其作用.     

Phytochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activities of Extracts from Wild Blueberries and Lingonberries

Among Vaccinium species, blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) are popular in the human diet. In this study, total phenolic, total flavonoid and total monomeric anthocyanin contents in the ethanol-water extracts of blueberry and lingonberry fruits grown wild in the forests in the central region of Poland were assayed. Antioxidant activities of the extracts from each plant were also evaluated for scavenging ability on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and reducing power by cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) method. Total phenolics in the blueberry extracts ranged from 4.58 to 5.28 mg GAE CE/g fw. The extracts from lingonberry fruits contained higher total contents of phenolic compounds (5.82–7.60 mg GAE/g fw) as well as total flavonoids (5.22–6.47 μmol CE/g fw) than those from blueberries (3.74–4.18 μmol CE/g fw). For the total monomeric anthocyanin contents, the blueberry extracts presented significantly higher values (3.01–3.93 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) equivalent/g fw) in comparison to the lingonberry extracts (0.32–0.47). Blueberry extracts exhibited higher antioxidant activity measured by both assays in comparison to lingonberry extracts. Water extracts from fresh and dried fruits also exhibited significant antioxidant activities for both types of berries. Considering the health benefits that have been associated with polyphenolic consumption, these fruits could appear as a good source of this group of phytochemical compounds for their direct consumption or their use as ingredients for the design of new food products or food supplements.     

食用菌的抗氧化活性及竹荪抗氧化物质提取工艺的优化

对26种食用菌子实体干品水提液和醇提液分别进行总还原能力、羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和DPPH自由基的清除能力测定。结果表明:26种食用菌子实体干品2种提取液均具有不同程度的还原能力及羟自由基、超氧自由基、DPPH自由基清除能力。且总体来说,水提液抗氧化性要强于醇提液抗氧化性。采用模糊综合评价法比较评价26种子实体干品的抗氧化性,其中以竹荪水提液和醇提液的抗氧化活性最高。在单因素实验的基础上,用L9(34)正交设计法,研究乙醇浓度(A)、回流温度(B)、料液比(C)和提取时间(D)等4个因素,以DPPH自由基清除率为评价指标优化长裙竹荪中抗氧化物质的提取条件。结果表明,影响提取物抗氧化效果的主因素为回流温度。最佳的提取工艺为:乙醇浓度90%,回流温度90℃,料液比1/35,回流时间2.5h。     

水茄提取物对香蕉和芒果炭疽病菌的活性研究

前期研究发现水茄甲醇提取物有优良的抑菌活性,为明确水茄甲醇提取物的活性分布和进一步直接开发利用作技术储备,采用生长速率法研究水茄甲醇提取物不同溶剂萃取相及水茄植株不同部位提取物对香蕉炭疽病菌和芒果炭疽病菌的抑制活性。结果表明：氯仿萃取相对2种病原菌的抑制活性显著高于其它溶剂萃取相,在5 mg/mL氯仿萃取相的抑菌率分别为64.50％、73.28％,EC50分别为2.104 9、1.642 6 mg /mL;对不同部位甲醇提取物的活性研究表明,在1 mg/mL叶部提取物对香蕉炭疽病菌和芒果炭疽病菌抑制率分别82.70％和84.41％,EC50分别为0.379 8、0.195 2 mg/mL,茎部提取物对二者的抑制率分别为68.27％和71.54％,EC50分别为0.476 4、0.431 4 mg/mL,叶部提取物对二者抑制活性最好,其次为茎部,根部提取物活性最低。     

槟榔多糖的抗氧化活性及其对细胞内氧化损伤抑制作用的研究

研究了槟榔多糖粗提物（ASP）的抗氧化活性及其对人皮肤成纤维细胞（HSF）内氧化损伤的抑制作用。结果表明：利用超声波辅助法提取的槟榔子多糖经初步去杂质后,具有良好的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH·）清除能力、二价铁螯合能力和三价铁还原力。在对HSF细胞内氧化损伤的抑制作用研究中,当过氧化氢（H2O2）处理浓度为150 μmol/L、ASP添加浓度为20 μg/mL时,HSF细胞存活率上升至93.15％,与对照组差异不显著（p<0.05）;当短波紫外线照射强度为100 μW/cm2、照射时间为3.5 h、ASP添加量为20 μg/mL 时,HSF细胞存活率上升至82.92％,与对照组差异不显著（p<0.05）。因此,ASP具有抑制H2O2和短波紫外线处理对HSF细胞造成的氧化损伤的作用。     

红树林植物海莲不同部位提取物抗氧化活性研究

植物抗氧化研究对寻找高效率、低毒性天然抗氧化剂具有重要的指导意义。以在海南分布较广的红树林植物海莲进行抗氧化活性研究,以期对海莲开发利用的可能性提供理论依据。采用清除DPPH自由基和清除ABTS自由基对海莲不同部位———根、茎、叶、花的乙酸乙酯提取物进行抗氧化能力评价,采用比色法和福林酚法测定总黄酮和总酚含量。结果显示,海莲茎的提取物在4个部位中抗氧化活性最好,清除二者的IC50分别为(0.234±0.053)mg/m L和(0.196±0.080)mg/m L,海莲中酚类物质含量较大,4个部位中茎的总酚含量最多,含量为13.2 mg。说明海莲各部位均显示出了较好的抗氧化能力,具有较好的开发潜力。     

Total Polyphenols,Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Different Extracts in Mungbean Seeds and Sprouts

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the biological, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and antiproliferative activities of different extracts of mungbean seeds and sprouts. All extracts from the sprouts showed higher contents of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity than from seeds. The highest DPPH and tyrosinase inhibition activities were registered in ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract. ADH activity of methanol (MeOH), n-hexane (n-hexane) and n-butanol (n-BuOH) extracts from sprouts was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than from seeds. However, the highest ADH activity was found in water extract of seeds. According to 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol -2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay, extracts from sprouts were more effective against Calu-6 (human pulmonary carcinoma) and SNU-601 (human gastric carcinoma) cells than from seeds. EtOAc extract showed the highest antiproliferative activity in both sprouts and seeds, followed by n-hexane extraction. During sprouting of mungbean, all the studied components significantly increased. In conclusion, the extracts of sprouts are more effective than from seeds and could be a potential source of antioxidants linked with health benefits.     

Antioxidant,Anti-Nephrolithe Activities and in Vitro Digestibility Studies of Three Different Cyanobacterial Pigment Extracts

Phycobiliprotein-containing water and carotenoid-containing methanolic extracts of three different cyanobacteria, Pseudanabaena sp., Spirulina sp. and Lyngbya sp., were studied for their DPPH scavenging, iso-bolographic studies, and anti-nephrolithe activities. The best EC₅₀ values for DPPH scavenging were in Lyngbya water (LW, 18.78 ± 1.57 mg·mg⁻¹ DPPH) and Lyngbya methanol (LM, 59.56 ± 37.38 mg·mg⁻¹ DPPH) extracts. Iso-bolographic analysis revealed most of the combinations of extracts were antagonistic to each other, although LM—Spirulina methanol (SM) 1:1 had the highest synergistic rate of 86.65%. In vitro digestion studies showed that DPPH scavenging activity was considerably decreased in all extracts except for Pseudanabaena methanol (PM) and LM after the simulated digestion. All of the extracts were effective in reducing the calcium oxalate crystal size by nearly 60%–65% compared to negative control, while PM and Spirulina water (SW) extracts could inhibit both nucleation and aggregation of calcium oxalate by nearly 60%–80%.     

氯化钙处理对垂枝樱花扦插生根及抗氧化酶活性的影响

使用不同浓度的CaCl2处理垂枝樱花(Cerasus subhirtella var.pendula)插穗来研究氯化钙处理对插穗生根、抗氧化酶活性以及过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明:55 mg/L CaCl2处理垂直樱花,其插穗的生根率可达40%,而对照仅有22%。处理的插穗在单株生根数量、根系活力与根鲜样质量方面,均显著优于对照,而且插穗叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)等保护酶的活性也显著增强,MDA的含量则显著降低。     

苦丁茶冬青粗多糖的分离表征及其抗化活性研究

水提醇沉法分离制备苦丁茶冬青粗多糖样品,对其进行初步分离表征(包括总糖、糖醛酸、蛋白质、氨基酸含量和红外光谱分析)和体外抗氧化活性(清除DPPH·自由基、·OH自由基清除能力和还原能力)研究.结果表明,苦丁茶冬青粗多糖中总糖含量为30.67％、糖醛酸含量为12.72％、蛋白质含量为9.35％;含有16种氨基酸成分,总含量为7.72％,其中含有7种人体必需氨基酸,占氨基酸总量的40.41％;红外光谱显示该粗多糖样品中含有α-吡喃糖环结构;此外,苦丁茶冬青粗多糖具有较强的体外抗氧化活性,且其抗氧化活性与多糖浓度之间存在良好的量效关系.     

Phytochemical Profile,Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of the Carob Tree (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ceratonia siliqua</Emphasis> L.) Germ Flour Extracts

This work aimed to evaluate the phytochemical content and to determine the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of methanol extracts of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) germ flour. The extracts were rich in phenolic compounds, had considerable antioxidant activity, and reduced the viability of cervical (HeLa) cancer cells. The chemical content and the biological activities of the extracts were significantly affected by gender and cultivar. Female cultivar Galhosa had the highest levels of phenolic compounds, and the highest antioxidant activity. Extracts from the hermaphrodite trees and from the female cultivars Galhosa and Costela/Canela exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity. The most abundant compound was theophylline. The phenolic content was correlated to both antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Our findings provide new knowledge about the health implications of consuming food supplemented with carob germ flour.     

苦丁茶不同提取物抗氧化活性比较及其GC-MS分析

利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）,对苦丁茶超声辅助不同有机溶剂（乙醇、乙酸乙酯、石油醚）提取物及超临界CO₂萃取物的体外抗氧化活性（DPPH自由基清除能力、羟基自由基清除活性、超氧阴离子自由基清除活性和ABTS ⁺自由基清除能力）进行比较分析。结果表明,苦丁茶不同提取物DPPH清除能力和超氧阴离子自由基清除活性依次为：超声-乙醇提取物>超临界CO₂萃取物>超声-乙酸乙酯提取物>超声-石油醚提取物,羟基自由基和ABTS ⁺自由基清除能力依次为：超声-乙醇提取物>超声-乙酸乙酯提取物>超临界CO₂萃取物>超声-石油醚提取物。GC-MS结果显示,苦丁茶不同提取物中主要有5类物质,共有49种化学成分,7种共有成分。     

EGCG氧化产物不同级分的分析及其抗氧化活性的研究

利用乙酸乙酯在中性和酸性条件下萃取EGCG氧化产物,得到级分A(EOPA)和级分B(EOPB),用化学发光法比较EGCG与EOPA、EOPB的抗氧化活性及其对DNA损伤的保护作用,并通过HPLC-MS分析两级分中的氧化产物。结果表明EGCG及EOPA、EOPB均有较好的清除活性氧和保护DNA损伤的活性,其中EOPA的活性强于未氧化的EGCG。HPLC-MS分析表明,EOPA、EOPB级分中的氧化产物均为二聚体。     

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Barettin

In this paper, we present novel bioactivity for barettin isolated from the marine sponge Geodia barretti. We found that barettin showed strong antioxidant activity in biochemical assays as well as in a lipid peroxidation cell assay. A de-brominated synthetic analogue of barettin did not show the same activity in the antioxidant cell assay, indicating that bromine is important for cellular activity. Barettin was also able to inhibit the secretion of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNFα from LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells. This combination of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities could indicate that barettin has an atheroprotective effect and may therefore be an interesting product to prevent development of atherosclerosis.     

四种体系评价辽东丁香枝不同部位抗氧化活性

目的对辽东丁香枝的总提液、氯仿层、乙酸乙酯层、正丁醇层、水层进行抗氧化活性的评定。方法采用清除DPPH自由基、清除ABTS+.自由基、还原性和总酚含量测定的方法,利用分光光度法测定辽东丁香枝不同部位在不同浓度下的抗氧化能力及总酚含量。结果辽东丁香枝不同部位具有明显的清除DPPH、ABTS+.自由基的能力,且有较好的还原能力和较高的总酚含量。在清除DPPH自由基体系中,乙酸乙酯层的抗氧化能力最强,其IC50值最低为0.033mg/m L,正丁醇层和氯仿层的次之,IC50分别为0.0546,0.0638mg/m L,在清除ABTS+自由基体系中,各部位抗氧化活性大小为:乙酸乙酯层总提液氯仿层正丁醇层水层;还原性体系测定中,乙酸乙酯层的还原能力接近于BHT的;乙酸乙酯层的总酚含量最大,为164.7μg/mg,接近BHT的168.2μg/mg。结论辽东丁香枝具有较好的抗氧化活性,其抗氧化能力与总酚含量有较好的相关性,需要进一步深入研究,开发为天然抗氧化剂。