尾巨桉、尾细桉无性系造林对比试验

阐述了尾巨桉、尾细桉两杂交种无性系列在雷州林业局公司遂溪林场造林的生长情况。对3.5年生林分生长情况初步分析结果表明:该两无性系能适应遂溪林场肥力低下、干旱的立地条件生长,其中以尾巨桉无性系林分生长指标较好,但抗风性能差,尾细桉无性系林分生长指标比尾巨桉无性系林分生长指标稍差,但抗风性能较好。     

尾叶桉短轮伐期经营林分生长研究

对尾叶桉短轮伐期经营林设置好、中、差三类立地调查林分生长及进行树干解析，以研究尾叶桉的生长情况。结果表明：立木平均胸径、平均树高及平均单株材积在三类立地的生长差异均显著，好立地的平均单株材积达到0．2410m^3，分别是中等、差立地的1．56倍和2．52倍。三类立地解析木胸径、树高、单株材积总生长量，均随着年龄的增加而增加，6年生胸径总生长量好立地达到19．95cm，分别是中等、差立地的1．24倍和1．50倍；树高总生长量6年生达到22．80m，分别是中等、差立地的1．17倍和1．27倍；单株材积总生长量达到0．3025m^3，分别是中等、差立地的1．82倍和2．85倍。3个指标的平均年生长量和连年生长量均有随着年龄增加而下降的趋势。了解短轮伐期林分林木生长的变化趋势，才能合理经营、维护地力和持续经营。     

重庆地区不同立地类型对巨尾桉生长影响的初步研究

本文在调查重庆地区一小时经济圈内巨尾桉的生长情况及立地条件的基础上,确定坡位、土层厚度、土壤类型、pH值是影响巨尾桉生长的主导立地因子．采用聚类分析的方法,将该研究区划分为7个立地类型,通过分析不同立地类型对巨尾桉胸径、树高及材积的影响,对重庆地区桉树速丰林的发展具有一定指导意义。     

不同造林密度对巨尾桉生长指标的影响

对巨尾桉不同造林密度的林分生长指标进行了分析,结果表明:巨尾桉不同造林密度对林木胸径、树高及单株材积都有影响,但树高差异不大。不同造林密度对巨尾桉胸径和单株材积的影响为:随着密度的增大,林分平均胸径和单株材积变小,当造林密度为1110株/hm~2时,平均胸径和单株材积最大;当造林密度为2500株/hm~2时,林分的蓄积量最大。     

成都地区巨桉引种栽培初步研究

成都市1999年开始引种巨桉,目前栽植面积达2000hm2;但由于林地土壤条件不同,多为种子繁殖苗木造林,加之经营措施粗放,林分生长差异较大。本文通过对成都地区引种栽培的巨桉人工林生长情况及立地条件调查,提出了影响巨桉林生长的主要立地因子为土壤酸减性、土层厚度和土壤肥力。成都发展巨桉短轮伐期工业原料林,应选择在平原区,海拔800m以下的低山丘陵区,并且土层厚度在40cm以上的酸性至中性土壤立地条件。在土层深厚肥沃、地势平缓、立地条件好的造林地,造林株行距可采用2m×4m。对个体分化严重的人工林,应从抚育间伐、去劣留优和增施有机肥、培肥地力等方面改良群体结构和生长环境,提高单位面积蓄积量。     

不同林地清理方式和造林密度对巨尾桉生长的影响分析

对不同的林地清理方式和造林密度对巨尾桉林分生长的试验研究,结果表明:炼山对巨尾桉林分早期(1~3 a)树高生长有促进作用;造林密度在835~2 500株/hm2范围内,随着密度的增加,树高速生期有延长的趋势,而胸径及材积速生期有缩短的趋势。造林过密不利于胸径、材积的生长,而造林过疏,早期冠幅的生长会抑制主干的生长,致使单株材积低且数量成熟期长,难以收到好的经济效益。     

闽西尾巨桉造林及其生长效果分析

对闽西尾巨桉造林成效进行全面调查,分析了现有林分的生长特点,探讨了不同地理位置、海拔高度、立地质量等级以及施肥次数等因素对尾巨桉生长的影响,总结了尾巨桉造林失败的原因,并提出了闽西今后发展尾巨桉造林的看法。     

桂北桉树生长与材性的比较研究

以广西黄冕林场的几个桉树树种为研究对象,对比分析不同树种生长、立木材性以及林分密度对其影响。结果表明：各树种的生长（树高、胸径、单株材积、冠幅、树皮厚度）和材性（立木Pilodyn值、应力波波速、基本密度）性状均差异显著。比较3种不同林分密度的邓恩桉发现,林分密度对其生长、材质形成等产生显著影响,适宜的林分密度有利于林木生长和材性形成。对各性状采用主成分分析法进行了树种评价,结果表明：巨桉林木生长量大,大花序桉和本沁桉生长量相对较少,但木材材质相近,表现为坚硬,而粗皮桉、柳桉、邓恩桉均低于对照尾巨桉。从林木生长、立木材性方面看,适合于该地区发展的树种有巨桉、大花序桉和本沁桉,其中巨桉最适宜。     

巨尾桉在不同立地条件下的生长差异

在不同的立地条件下进行巨尾桉造林试验,采取相同的营林措施。经过7a的试验结果表明：不同立地条件下巨尾桉树高生长达到显著差异,胸径生长达到显著差异;其林分植被在好的立地条件下,植被种类多,物种多样性指数较高。     

闽南山地尾巨桉DH3229与红锥不同比例混交的林分生长分析

为探索桉树与红锥适宜的混交比例,将尾巨桉DH3229与红锥按照1︰3、1︰4、1︰6的株数比例进行星状混交造林,调查分析12年生不同混交比例的林分生长情况。结果表明,不同混交比例下,混交林中红锥胸径、材积达显著差异水平,以N(尾巨桉)︰N(红锥)=1︰6处理的平均胸径最高,达到15.26 cm,平均单株材积最高达0.164 m^(3);混交林中尾巨桉DH3229的胸径、树高、材积在不同混交比例间均达极显著差异水平,以N(尾巨桉)︰N(红锥)=1︰4混交比例的最优,平均胸径、平均树高、平均单株材积、平均林分蓄积量分别达到26.64 cm、27.04 m、0.767 m^(3)和99.643 m^(3)/hm^(2)。综合混交林的各项生长指标,以N(尾巨桉)︰N(红锥)=1︰4为最优,可进一步示范应用。     

Estimation of genetic parameters on growth characteristics of a 35-year-old Pinus koraiensis progeny trial in South Korea

The effects of genetic and environmental factors on Pinus koraiensis growth were studied based on a35 year-old progeny trial composed of open-pollinated offspring of twenty-one plus trees.Height,DBH and volume of the offspring was analyzed using restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction in mixed model analysis.Significant site and family effects on the three traits were observed.The distinct growth of offspring by site with disparate climates corroborated the importance of planting species in suitable conditions.Growth differences by family was significant,emphasizing the importance of identifying families with either superior or inferior performance.The parental ranking was assigned in the sites,inferring the breeding value of each plus tree.The estimates of individual heritability(h_i~2) of height,DBH and volume growth were0.169-0.645,0.108-0.331 and 0.129-0.343 respectively,with higher h_i~2 of the height than DBH on each site.Coefficient of variance of genetic effect was higher with DBH in some cases,indicating the scope for selection is larger for this trait despite the lower heritability compared to height.For the variation between families in terms of the performance stability across sites,consideration of the genotype by environment interaction is required in selecting materials to be used in reforestation with Korean pine.A few families with either superior or inferior performance retained their parental ranking for at least a decade.Other families with increased growth on a particular site were identified,indicating their high breeding value and low stability.Differences in the genetic performance of the families by site requires delineation of the breeding region of the species.     

大叶栎家系区域试验与初步评价研究

以3个试点53个家系的大叶栎试验林为研究材料,分析了4年生大叶栎家系间的生长差异,结果表明:(1)家系对苍梧试验点的胸径生长无显著影响,对苍梧试验点的材积生长有显著影响,对苍梧试验点的树高生长和黄冕、派阳山试验点的树高、胸径和材积生长均有极显著影响。(2)初步选出的10个优良家系平远11、通道09、融水05、明溪05、融水01、平远01、融水09、融水04、苍梧05和融水08,综合评定值最高的家系平远11的胸径、苗高和材积分别为未入选家系平均值的1.21倍、1.08倍、1.61倍,分别为最差家系苍梧07的1.84倍、1.42倍、5.01倍。     

14年生火炬松优良家系选择

在福建省漳平五一国有林场,对美国引进的火炬松第1代种子园25个家系试验林进行测定,以湿地松、马尾松为对照。结果表明:火炬松早期生长较易感染松针褐斑病,保存率较低;14年生火炬松家系总体生长优于湿地松、低于马尾松;各家系在树高、胸径和材积等性状上有着显著差异;综合各性状共选择出4个优良家系(21、9、18、13号),14年生树高、胸径和单株材积的平均值分别为12.6 m、20.4 cm、0.1981 m3,比湿地松增长9.2%、25.9%、71.1%,遗传增益达8.9%、24.7%、67.9%。     

速生乡土树种黎蒴优树半同胞家系子代测定

将采自广东的278个黎蒴优树家系种植在广东东江林场和梅南林场,进行半同胞子代测定。造林5年后,对参试家系的3个主要生长性状进行调查分析。黎蒴家系树高、胸径和材积存在显著差异,遗传变异系数在13．60％～67．13％,且变异主要受遗传控制,其家系遗传力分别为0．511～0．543,0．585～0．736和0．469～0．717;相关性分析发现,材积生长量主要受胸径影响,其相关系数大于0．80。在10％～30％入选条件下,各生长性状均具有较高的遗传增益,其中材积遗传增益〉胸径遗传增益〉树高遗传增益。采用育种值评估法与综合指数法共选出优良家系36个、优良单株71株。研究结果为进一步开展黎蒴选育和遗传分析奠定了坚买基础。     

杉木控制授粉子代杂种优势分析

对杉木68个杂交组合7-10年生试验林的杂种优势进行分析,结果表明树高、胸径和材积高于父本和母本的自由授粉子代平均值的组合比例总体上在50%左右;3个生长性状的正向超亲、负向超亲以及介于双亲之间的组合比例,各测定林间差异很大,总体上来看,树高正向超亲略占优势,胸径及材积负向超亲略占优势;树高、胸径、材积的杂种优势分别为-37.5%-14.3%、-39.4%-17.2%和-58.6%-74.1%,材积杂种优势变幅明显大于树高及胸径,3个生长性状各杂种优势区间的组合比例呈正态分布,树高、胸径杂种优势大于10%组合比例分别占8.8%和5.9%,材积杂种优势在30%-60%、60%以上组合比例分别为5.9%和2.9%;通过人工育种培育具有超双亲优势的组合是可行的,在地理间隔较远的优良种源间,或在外省优良种源与本省种源间选择交配亲本,易培育出具有超双亲优势的组合。     

蓝桉全同胞家系生长性状遗传稳定性分析

蓝桉全同胞家系两年两点的遗传稳定性试验结果表明 :树高、胸径在年度、地点、组合间差异达显著水平 ,材积在年度和组合间差异达显著水平。年度和地点间的交互作用达极显著水平 ,地点和组合间交互作用也达到显著水平 ,在优良杂交组合的推广中需要考虑组合的适应区域。树高、胸径、材积 3个性状遗传力在 0 2 0 5范围内 ,表明这 3个生长性状受弱度—中度遗传控制。将参试的杂交组合 ,根据树高表型值和遗传稳定性分成 4类 ,选出了二者表现皆优的部分组合作为优良家系在生产上推广应用。     

北美鹅掌楸不同种源在闽北山区的生长表现及评价

在福建省洋口国有林场,对从美国引进的北美鹅掌楸3个种源进行苗期试验并建立测定林,在6年生时对测定林进行调查和分析测定。方差分析结果表明,不同种源苗高、地径的差异均达到0.05显著水平;6年生时树高、胸径和单株材积平均值分别达6.41 m、10.94 cm和0.03561 m3,与本地乡土速生落叶树种南酸枣比较,生长性状表现相当,能较好适应闽北地区的生长。各种源间树高、胸径和材积生长量差异均不显著,但在个体水平上仍存在较大的差异,树高、胸径、材积个体水平的变异系数都约为相对应指标种源水平的4倍,从优良种源的292株个体中选择了10株优良的个体作为杂交育种或无性系利用的繁殖材料。     

Selection of superior families of Pinus massoniana in southern China for large-diameter construction timber

This study addresses the increasing demand for large-diameter production timber,and considers the time and space variability of half-sib families of Pinus massoniana.Height,diameter at breast height(DBH)and timber volume of 440 open-pollinated half-sib progeny families were investigated in 14 progeny trials in different years and production regions.An evaluation of the genetic variation of all half-sib families was carried out during the sustainable rapid growth period and individual volumes were characterized as a major index.ANOVA analysis showed that there was considerable variance in the growth traits of most families in different years and on different sites.The variations caused by temporal and spatial changes of the mating system required three selection methods for analysis.The results show that there were differences among the heritabilities of different growth traits by different halfsib progenies.Average heritability values of height,DBH and volume were 0.33,0.34 and 0.36,respectively.Fortyfive superior families were selected in every progeny test,12 were selected in progeny trials by different years and five in different habitat progeny trials.Three superior families(Gui GC553A,Gui GC414A and Gui GC431A)were selected,although in different years and production regions.The genetic gains of timber volume of these selected r families ranged from 1.20 to 47.00%,which could provide a foundation for superior wood property selection and serve as material for seed improvement and extension in surrounding areas.     

Inheritance of growth and survival in two 9-year-old,open-pollinated progenies of an advanced breeding population of Chinese firs in southeastern China

Tree growth traits (tree height, DBH and stem volume) and survival from two 9-year-old, open-pollinated progeny tests of Chinese fir were investigated for heritability, genotype × environment interaction, age-age genetic correlation and selection efficiency. The 97 and 79 families planted at two sites were collected from the third-cycle seed orchard. Individual heritability was estimated between 0.05 and 0.21 for tree height, DBH, and volume and between 0.45 and 1.0 for survival. Family heritability was between 0.20 and 1.14. Significant genotype × environment interaction was observed for the three growth traits. Type B genetic correlation was between 0.41 and 0.67 with an increasing trend as tree grows. High age-age genetic correlation was observed with correlation reaching 0.9 after age 4 for height, DBH, and volume. The genetic gains were estimated at 3.26, 3.39 and 5.98 % for tree height, DBH, and volume with 10 % selection intensity. The implication for advanced tree breeding in Chinese fir is discussed.