FSH-β和ESR基因多态性对大白猪产活仔数的影响

采用PCR-RFLP和PCR技术检测了大白猪ESR基因和FSH-β基因多态性并分析了其对大白母猪窝产活仔数的影响。结果表明:ESR基因BB、AB基因型母猪窝产活仔数分别极显著和显著高于AA型;FSH-β基因AB、BB基因型母猪窝产活仔数均显著高于AA型,其中AB基因型最高;在FSH-β和ESR合并基因型中,ABBB、ABAB型窝产活仔数均极显著高于AAAA基因型,BBBB、BBAB型均显著高于AAAA型。     

FSHβ基因和PRLR基因的多态性对小梅山猪繁殖性状的影响

采用PCR-RFLP技术分析了小梅山猪FSHβ基因和PRLR基因的多态性及其与繁殖性状的相关性.结果表明:FSH β基因3个基因型AA、AB、BB在小梅山猪中的频率分别为0.8500(AA)、0.0667(AB).0.0833(BB);PRLR基因3个基因型AA、AB、BB在小梅山猪中的频率分别为0.6441(AA).0.2881(AB).0.0678(BB).FSH β基因对小梅山母猪初产胎次的总产仔数、产活仔数和初生窝重影响显著,并呈现出AA>AB>BB的趋势;PRLR基因对小梅山母猪的各项繁殖性状都没有显著影响.     

不同胎次对母猪繁殖性能的影响

通过分析EZ猪场2005-2011年7年2万多条配种分娩记录发现,胎次对大白和长白母猪的受胎率和配种分娩率影响不大;1-9胎次母猪的受胎率相对比较理想,基本上在90%以上,4-10胎次母猪的配种分娩率相对较高。胎次明显影响母猪的总产仔数和产活仔数,1-5胎母猪的总产仔数和产活仔数随胎次增加而逐渐增加,第4、5胎时总产仔数达到高峰（长白猪为11.49头,大白猪11.62头）,长白母猪7胎时产活仔数明显下降,大白母猪9胎时产活仔数明显下降;为提高繁殖性能,EZ猪场的长白母猪以6胎后、大白母猪以8胎后淘汰为宜。     

猪骨调素基因多态性对产仔性状的影响

本文研究了骨调素基因对苏钟猪和二花脸猪繁殖性能的影响.93头母猪660多窝产仔数记录被用来分析骨调素基因型与总产仔数和产活仔数的关系.结果表明,二花脸猪经产总产仔数基因型158/142和170/152、168/140之间差异显著(P<0.05),产活仔数基因型158/142和170/152之间差异显著(P<0.05).苏钟猪头胎产活仔数基因型164/168和140/152、142/168、152/170之间差异显著(P<0.05),经产总产仔数基因型152/170和130/142之间差异显著(P<0.05).     

猪骨调素基因多态性对产仔性状的影响1

本文研究了骨调素基因对苏钟猪和二花脸猪繁殖性能的影响。93头母猪660多窝产仔数记录被用来分析骨调素基因型与总产仔数和产活仔数的关系。结果表明,二花脸猪经产总产仔数基因型158/142和170/152、168/140之间差异显著(P<0.05),产活仔数基因型158/142和170/152之间差异显著(P<0.05)。苏钟猪头胎产活仔数基因型164/168和140/152、142/168、152/170之间差异显著(P<0.05),经产总产仔数基因型152/170和130/142之间差异显著(P<0.05)。     

猪PRLR和FSHβ基因多态性检测及其与繁殖性状的关联分析

试验旨在研究催乳素受体(prolactin receptor,PRLR)和卵泡刺激素β(follicle-stimulating hormoneβ,FSHβ)基因的多态性及其与母猪繁殖性状的关联分析。采用PCR-RFLP方法对大白猪、杜洛克猪和长白猪3个猪种共487头母猪进行了PRLR和FSHβ基因多态性检验,并采用单因子方差分析、LSD法分析不同基因型与母猪总产仔数、产活仔数、断奶窝重和断奶窝仔数等繁殖性状的相关性。结果表明,PRLR基因在大白猪和长白猪中B等位基因均为优势基因,基因频率分别为0.717和0.548,大白猪BB基因型总产仔数显著高于AA基因型(P<0.05),长白猪BB基因型断奶窝重显著高于AB基因型(P<0.05);FSHβ基因在大白猪、杜洛克猪和长白猪3个猪种中B等位基因均为优势基因,基因频率分别为0.804、0.760和0.789,长白猪BB基因型总产仔数和产活仔数均显著高于AB基因型(P<0.05),呈现BB>AA>AB趋势。因此,PRLR和FSHβ基因对荣昌猪场母猪繁殖性能有一定影响,可作为母猪繁殖性能分子选育的候选参考基因。     

猪繁殖性状主效基因及其合并基因型对产活仔数的影响

研究分析了大白、长白和杜洛克3个品种ESR和FSH-β基因的多态性及单基因、多基因合并与产活仔数的关系。结果表明:ESR和FSH-β基因在3个品种中均检测到AA、AB和BB 3种基因型,且A基因为优势基因型。ESR和FSH-β基因在3个品种中,产活仔数具有按照基因型AA、AB、BB递增的趋势,BB型个体产活仔数显著高于AA和AB型(P0.05),BB型为优良基因型。合并基因型在3个品种中,BBBB型产活仔数均显著高于其他合并基因型(P0.05),为最优合并基因型,AAAA为最劣合并基因性;合并基因型效应显著(P0.05),且高于单基因效应。因此,可以将这2个基因通过分子标记辅助选择或分子标记辅助选配的方法应用到猪的生产实践中,以提高猪的产仔数。     

ESR基因多态性对不同胎次的大白猪母猪产活仔数的影响

为了研究ESR基因对大白猪经产母猪整个生产周期的影响并应用于猪繁殖性状改良,试验检测了该基因在472头大白猪经产母猪中的多态性分布,并根据基因分型结果分析了不同基因型对该群体1774胎产活仔数的影响.结果表明,AA、AB、BB基因型频率为0.206、0.572、0.222,AB基因型为优势基因型;A、B基因频率为0.493、0.507,B等位基因为优势等位基因.通过对不同胎次的分析发现,头胎AB基因型个体的产活仔数高于AA、BB基因型个体;2胎BB基因型个体的产活仔数高于AA、AB基因型个体;3胎AB、BB基因型个体的产活仔数高于AA基因型个体;4～7胎AA基因型个体的产活仔数最多(5胎除外),8胎及以上胎次AB基因型个体的产活仔数最多,呈现一定的规律性,但是各胎次内的差异均不显著.     

大白猪、长白猪和杜洛克猪催乳素受体基因多态性及其与繁殖性能的关系

本试验通过PCR-RFLP技术对大白猪、长白猪和杜洛克猪的催乳素受体(prolactin receptor,PRLR)基因第10外显子AluⅠ酶切位点进行多态性分析,并对各基因型母猪的第1至第3胎次产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数、初生窝重、21日龄窝重及断奶成活率进行测定,进而分析PRLR基因多态性与繁殖性能的关系。结果表明,PRLR基因在3个品种中均存在多态位点,且AA基因型都是其优势基因型。关联分析结果表明,大白猪AA基因型个体第1、2和3胎各繁殖性状均呈现出高于AB和BB基因型的趋势。在繁殖性能已经稳定的第3胎次AA基因型个体产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数、初生窝重及断奶成活率比BB基因型个体平均分别高出0.31头、0.63头、0.02头、0.65 kg和0.43%,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。     

小型梅山猪近年繁殖性状观察

对江苏农林职业技术学院小型梅山猪育种中心2007－2012年间繁育记录进行研究,结果可知：（1）母猪初情日龄平均为73．4±7．5d,初配为6月龄;公猪第一次射精日龄为78．6±4．2d,初配为8月龄。（2）初产母猪总产仔数为10．31±1．44头,产活仔数为9．85±0．2I头;经产母猪的总产仔数为15．3±1．82头,产活仔数为i4．87±0．60头,育成13．38±0．48头,经产母猪产仔数、初生重、20日龄窝重及45日龄窝重较初产母猪均显著提高（P〈0．05）。（3）以经产梅山猪作为母本与大约克和长白杂交,平均产活仔数12头以上,仔猪平均育成数达ll头以上,45日龄窝重达1i6．71±6．97kg和100．77±5．86kg。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.