奶牛酮病的研究进展

酮病是泌乳奶牛常见的一种严重的营养代谢病，多发于产犊后10-60天。本病多发于饲养管理良好的高产奶牛，且以3-6胎次的高产母牛发病率较高。调查显示，美国每年有4%-5%的奶牛患临床型酮病（Mary,2000），而加拿大的研究报道，在泌乳期的前9周，奶牛亚临床型酮病的发病率高达59%。在我国高产牛群中，临床酮病的发病率一般占产后母牛的2%-20%，而亚临床型酮病的发病率一般占产后母牛的10%-30%，     

奶牛酮病预防之探讨

近年来,我国农村奶牛饲养量不断增多,高产稳产、健康已是奶牛发展的主要目标。在奶牛饲养业中,产乳量的提高,不仅与奶牛的选种选配,提高牛群质量有关;而且与限定性饲养、集约化生产管理有直接关系,限定性饲养和管理又增加了营养代谢病的发病率。在一些地区的农村,...     

奶牛酮病研究进展

奶牛酮病是高产奶牛常见的一种营养代谢性疾病；随着奶牛生产水平的提高，其发病率也呈上升趋势。本文对奶牛酮病的病因、发病机理和临床症状进行了详细地叙述，全面总结了该病的研究现状；并针对其发病机理制定了合理的防治措施，为生产上减少经济损失提供一定的理论指导。     

高产奶牛酮病的诊疗

奶牛酮病是由碳水化合物和挥发性脂肪酸代谢紊乱而引起的营养代谢病,多发生于产犊6周内高产奶牛。此病在养殖实践中时有发生,奶牛一旦患病,食欲降低,产奶下降,如果治疗不及时,病程迁延漫长,这将给奶牛养殖带来很大的经济损失,2005年11月份,在虞城县多个奶牛养殖小区集中爆发了奶牛酮病,现将诊疗情况报告如下:1发病情况2005年11月上旬,豫东地区经历一次大的寒流,天气骤冷,许多养殖户没有采取防寒保暖措施,奶牛受凉,随后发病。经调查,6个奶牛小区中,56个养殖户的67头奶牛发病,其中35头奶牛是在产后1周内发病,16头奶牛是在产后第2周发病,10头奶…     

奶牛酮病诊治研究进展

奶牛酮病是高产奶牛产后由于体内碳水化合物及挥发性脂肪酸代谢紊乱所引起的一种全身性功能失调的营养代谢性疾病，可使乳牛的泌乳量下降、乳质降低、繁殖率降低以及引起生殖系统疾病和内分泌紊乱等多种疾病，增加了治疗费用，给奶牛养殖业造成了严重经济损失，文章主要介绍奶牛酮病血液生化诊断指标及防治方法的研究进展。     

奶牛酮病研究进展

奶牛酮病是高产奶牛常见的一种营养代谢性疾病,随着奶牛生产水平的提高,其发病率也呈上升趋势。文章对奶牛酮病的病因、发病机制和临床症状进行了详细叙述,全面总结了该病的研究现状,并针对其发病机制制定了合理的防治措施,为生产上减少经济损失提供一定的理论指导。     

奶牛酮病研究进展

奶牛酮病是高产奶牛常见的一种营养代谢性疾病,随着奶牛生产水平的提高,其发病率也呈上升趋势。作者对奶牛酮病的病因、发病机理和临床症状进行了详细叙述,全面总结了该病的研究现状;并针对其发病机理制定了合理的防治措施,为生产上减少经济损失提供一定的理论指导。     

奶牛酮病的诊治

奶牛酮病是泌乳牛在产犊后几天至几周内发生的一种代谢性疾病,以酮血症、酮尿症、酮乳症和低血糖为特征,不食,昏睡或兴奋,体重丧失,产奶量下降,偶尔发生运动失词。在实际生产中,亚临床型高于临床型酮病的发生率,并且发生酮病的多是舍饲高产母牛。     

奶牛酮病诊治研究进展

奶牛酮病是高产奶牛产后由于体内碳水化合物及挥发性脂肪酸代谢紊乱所引起的一种全身性功能失调的营养代谢性疾病,可使乳牛的泌乳量下降、乳质降低、繁殖率降低以及引起生殖系统疾病和内分泌紊乱等多种疾病,增加了治疗费用,给奶牛养殖业造成了严重经济损失,文章主要介绍奶牛酮病血液生化诊断指标及防治方法的研究进展.     

奶牛酮病生化特征及防治

奶牛酮病是由于体内碳水化合物及挥发性脂肪酸代谢紊乱所引起的一种全身性功能失调的营养代谢性疾病。其特征是血糖浓度降低，血液、尿液和乳汁中的酮体含量增高进而发生酮血症、酮尿症和酮乳症，呼出气体以及乳汁带有丙酮气味，消化机能紊乱，体重减轻，产奶量下降，个别牛出现神经症状。一般于分娩后10天至6周内发病最多．     

Total serum bile acid concentrations in dairy cows with fatty liver and liver failure

In forty-five Holstein Frisian dairy cows (1-6 weeks post partum; mean age: 5.1 +/- 1.2 years) the serum total bile acid concentrations (SBA) were measured enzymatically. In all cows a left sided abomasal displacement was corrected surgically by right side laparotomy and omentopexy three days before investigation. The liver fat content was determined in all cows histologically. Liver failure was assumed if typical clinical signs (ataxia, general depression, recumbency or coma), an increased venous plasma ammonia level (> 35 mumol/l) and a decreased plasma amino acid index (< 4.0) were found. Cows without liver failure (N = 29) were grouped according to the liver fat content as cows with mild (N = 5), moderate (N = 19) or severe hepatosteatosis (N = 5). Histological examination of liver biopsies in cows with liver failure (N = 16) revealed in twelve cases a severe fatty liver and in four cases a hydropic degeneration of the liver tissue. Although in cows without liver failure mean SBA concentrations were higher in the group with moderate (47.3 +/- 30.9 mumol/l) or severe fatty liver (32.9 +/- 21.7 mumol/l) than in that with mild lipidosis (18.0 (16.8 mumol/l), differences were not significant. The mean SBA concentration in cows with liver failure (70.5 +/- 49.5 mumol/l) was only significantly (p < 0.05) increased compared to cows with uncomplicated mild hepatic lipidosis. In conclusion, the determination of SBA concentrations is of little value in the recognition of fatty liver or even liver failure due to the considerable variance of SBA concentrations in dairy cows.     

脂肪肝对奶牛生产性能机体代谢及内分泌的影响

围产期对奶牛的健康和生产性能极为重要,围产期奶牛能量代谢特点是:干物质摄入减少而需求增加所致的能量负平衡(NEB).能量负平衡所致奶牛的低糖血症、脂肪动员、肝脂沉积增加和酮体生成增多是围产期能量代谢障碍性疾病(酮病、脂肪肝)发生的主要环节[1-2].     

脂肪酸结合蛋白生物学特性及对脂肪代谢调控的研究进展

脂肪酸结合蛋白是一族小分子蛋白质,对长链脂肪酸有很高的亲和力,能把脂肪酸从细胞膜转运到氧化和合成的部位,在长链脂肪酸的代谢中发挥着重要的作用。文中就脂肪酸结合蛋白的结构、功能及其对脂肪酸代谢调节以及脂肪酸结合蛋白基因方面的研究进行了综述,并从分子水平阐述了猪脂肪酸结合蛋白基因表达对肉品质的影响。     

引发奶牛乏情的疾病研究进展

奶牛乏情是指产后60～90 d没有发情表现的经产奶牛及14～18个月龄不发情的育成牛,机体不表现出任何明显的发情状态,导致卵泡发育不良,从而影响机体排卵,引起发情周期紊乱、妊娠推迟,这对奶牛业的发展产生重大的影响。本文主要综述奶牛出现乏情状态的繁殖性疾病的研究状况,为进一步研究奶牛产后乏情提供理论依据。     

畜禽肉脂肪酸的营养调控研究进展

脂肪酸按饱和度可分为饱和脂肪酸(SFA)与不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)两大类,其中,不饱和脂肪酸按不饱和程度分为单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),以第一个双键出现的位置分别称为n-3族、n-6族、n-9族等多不饱和脂肪酸.     

Decrease in stearic acid proportions in adipose tissues and liver lipids in fatty liver of dairy cows

Samples of liver and perirenal, mesenteric and subcutaneous fat were collected from 16 sick necropsied dairy cows to evaluate the fatty acid profiles in the hepatic and adipose tissues associated with advanced fatty liver or hepatic lipidosis. Hepatic triglyceride and eight fatty acids were measured in the hepatic and adipose tissues. Six cows had more than 3% triglyceride on fresh weight in their livers and were classified as having fatty liver. Stearic and linoleic acid proportions in the liver decreased markedly with increased hepatic triglyceride levels, while the proportion of palmitic and oleic acids increased. The most striking fluctuations in hepatic lipidosis were manifested as decreased stearic acid in the adipose tissues including subcutaneous fat with the trend of decreasing stearic acid. Palmitic acid was elevated in hepatic and perirenal fat in fatty liver cows. In instances of advanced hepatic lipidosis, palmitoleic acid increased in only subcutaneous fat and not in perirenal or mesenteric fat. In addition to the proportions of hepatic fatty acids in fatty liver, this study also clarified the fluctuations observed in the profiles of fatty acids of the adipose tissues in cows with advanced hepatic lipidosis, particularly the decline in the proportions of stearic acid.     

Haematology of subclinical fatty liver in dairy cows

The relationship between liver fat content and haematology was investigated in 369 cows from eight herds sampled in the second week after calving. High levels of fat in the liver were associated with a depression in total white cell count and in neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes. There was no correlation between liver fat content and the percentage of E rosetting lymphocytes, packed cell volume or haemoglobin concentration. The changes in peripheral white cell counts may be related to the increased incidence of post parturient disease in cows with fatty liver.     

Plasma lipoproteins and fatty liver in dairy cows

Dairy cows were classified on the basis of a histological study after a hepatic biopsy conducted in the second week post partum (mild fatty liver, moderate fatty liver, severe fatty liver). Plasma lipoproteins were separated into various density classes by repeated ultracentrifugation. The results indicate that the beginning of lactation is associated with a low concentration of the 1.006 to 1.063 g ml-1 lipoprotein fraction. The lowest concentrations occurred in cows with severe steatosis or during the evolution of moderate steatosis.     

感染旋毛虫小鼠心肌能量代谢变化的检测

本试验旨在对感染旋毛虫后小鼠心肌能量代谢变化进行研究。将小鼠接种旋毛虫1 000条/只后,分别检测小鼠心肌血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPARs)和小鼠组织胰岛素。结果显示,旋毛虫感染小鼠后,AngII、PPARα及胰岛素的含量检测结果均呈现相似趋势,至19²4 d出现峰值,随后下降。试验结果为旋毛虫病的早期诊断、治疗提供基础数据。     

泌乳奶牛脂肪肝早期诊断的研究

为了寻找泌乳奶牛脂肪肝早期诊断方法,本研究从某千头奶牛场随机选取了30头乳酮阳性的奶牛,其中临床酮病牛10头,亚临床酮病牛20头,测定其肝脂含量以及血中代谢指标和肝功指标。试验结果表明,脂肪肝的奶牛存在能量负平衡现象,机体呈现高游离脂肪酸血症、高酮血症,肝脂浸润越重,能量代谢障碍越严重;乳酮阳性出现时间的早晚与脂肪肝的严重程度密切相关,乳酮阳性产后出现的越早,乳酮阳性越明显,肝脂浸润越重;随肝脂浸润程度的加重,肝功多个指标会出现异常,重度的脂肪肝会引发肝功能不全。本试验证明,酮粉法可以作为早期诊断奶牛脂肪肝的初选方法,肝功指标异常可作为诊断脂肪肝的辅助方法,两者结合可作为奶牛脂肪肝的实用、有效和准确的早期诊断方法,准确率可达80%。