吡啶羧酸铬对生长肥育猪生产性能、胴体性状及血清生化指标的影响

本试验选用 40头体重约 2 8kg的杜× (大×长 )三元杂交猪 ,随机分为 4组 ,分别饲喂添加0、2 0 0、 40 0、 60 0 μg/kg铬 (吡啶羧酸铬 )的玉米—豆粕型饲粮 (生长、肥育期粗蛋白水平分别为1 7 0 %、 1 5 0 % ) ,直至体重约 95kg左右结束。结果表明 ,铬水平对生长期 (约 2 8～ 60kg)日增重、采食量、料重比无显著影响 ,也不影响血清钙、镁、钾、钠、氯、尿素氮浓度。虽然肥育阶段 (约 60～ 95kg) 40 0 μg/kg铬组的日增重和 60 0 μg/kg铬组的日增重、饲料转化效率有降低趋势 ,但各组间日增重、料重比、采食量差异不显著。铬不影响肥育猪血清镁、钾、钠、尿素氮浓度 ,但对氯、钙浓度有影响 (P <0 0 5 )。纵观全期来看 ,铬不影响生长肥育猪全期的生产性能 (P >0 0 5 )。虽然 60 0 μg/kg铬组有增加瘦肉率、降低脂肪率的趋势 ,但肥育猪各组间胴体性状无显著差别。以上结果提示 ,在本试验条件下 ,添加 2 0 0～ 60 0 μg/kg铬 (吡啶羧酸铬 )对生长肥育猪生产性能和胴体性状无显著影响。     

半胱胺对肥育猪生产性能和胴体的影响

选择体重60kg左右的杜长大杂交猪144头，随机分成4组，分别在基础日粮中添加半胱胺0、100、150和350mg/kg。试验结果：日粮中添加100、150mg/kg半胱胺使试验猪体重增加5．6％和12．7％，而添加350mg/kg半胱胺却使增重降低了11．4％；与对照组相比，添加100、150和350mg/kg半胱胺耗料增重比分别降低了6．5％、12．1％和－10．2％；添加100、150mg/kg半胱胺使每头猪增加收入5．35元和12．61元，而添加350mg/kg时，减少收入30．89元；试验结果表明，在肥育猪日粮中添加100和150mg/kg半胱胺能明显提高猪的生产性能，而添加过量的半胱胺却反而降低了猪的生产性能。     

羧酸吡啶铬对肥育猪胴体组成及肉质的影响

取体重６０ｋｇ左右健康“杜长宁”三元杂交肥育猪６０头,按饲养试验要求分成对照和试验２个处理组,饲喂相同的玉米－豆粕型日粮,其中对照组不添加羧酸吡啶铬,而试验组添加２００μｇ／ｋｇ羧酸吡啶铬。结果表明：①羧酸吡啶铬能明显改善肥育猪的胴体组成。与对照组相比,试验组胴体瘦肉率和眼肌面积分别提高了７．２６％（Ｐ〈０．０５）和７．０９％（Ｐ〈０．０５）;脂肪率、板油重和平均背膘厚度分别降低了１２．７７％（Ｐ     

半胱胺和酵母铬对生长肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响

试验选择25 kg左右的"杜长大"三元杂交猪96头,采用2×2析因设计分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复4头。对照组喂基础饲粮,酵母铬(Cr)组在基础饲粮中添加酵母铬(生长期和肥育期分别添加Gr 200、300μg/kg),半胱胺(CS)组在基础饲粮中添加半胱胺(生长期和肥育期分别添加CS 120、170 mg/kg),复合组在基础饲粮中同时添加酵母铬和半胱胺(生长期和肥育期分别添加Gr 200μg+CS 120 mg/kg、Gr300μg+CS 170 mg/kg)。试验分生长期和肥育期两阶段进行,研究半胱胺和酵母铬对生长肥育猪生长性能、胴体和肌肉品质的影响。结果表明,生长肥育猪饲粮中分别添加半胱胺和酵母铬,一定程度上可改善生产性能,提高日增重、降低饲料/增重比;二者同时添加时有提高日增重的趋势,但统计分析差异不显著(P>0.05)。饲粮中分别或同时添加半胱胺和酵母铬对胴体肌肉品质也有一定的改善作用,但统计分析差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

甲基吡啶铬对生长肥育猪生产性能及胴体品质的影响

通过饲养试验和屠宰试验研究了甲基吡啶铬对生长肥育猪生产性能及胴体品质的影响。选择 4 8头平均体重为 3 0 .7± 3 .1kg的长白×大白×北京黑三元杂交健康生长猪 ,按单因子随机区组设计分为对照组和试验组 ,分别饲喂未加甲基吡啶铬的日粮和添加 0 .0 5 %甲基吡啶铬 (折算成铬的添加水平为2 0 0 μg/kg)的日粮。试验结果显示 :试验组平均日增重和平均日采食量与对照组无显著差异 ,但饲料转化率显著改善 1 0 .2 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,屠宰率和瘦肉率分别提高了 2 .9%和 2 .0 % (P >0 .0 5 ) ,第 1 0肋和最后肋背膘厚度分别下降 1 .6%和 1 3 .0 % (P >0 .0 5 ) ,眼肌面积显著增加 1 3 .8% (P <0 .0 5 )     

吡啶羧酸铬对猪胴体品质的影响及其作用机理

选体重35 kg左右的杜长大杂种猪144头,按体重随机分成3组,分别喂以添加0、200、400 μg/kg吡啶羧酸铬的相同饲粮,试验期63 d.结果表明,与对照组比较,200μg/kg吡啶羧酸铬使肥育猪的日增重提高5.09%(P>0.05),400μg/kg吡啶羧酸铬使猪的采食量减少5.04%(P<0.05),两水平的吡啶羧酸铬均降低了料重比(P<0.05);瘦肉率、眼肌面积较对照组明显提高(P<0.05),脂肪率、背膘厚显著降低(P<0.05);血糖浓度、胰岛素水平明显下降(P<0.05),血清HDL、FFA浓度及脂肪酶活性显著升高(P<0.05);脂肪组织中的苹果酸脱氢酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶活性显著下降(P<0.05),激素敏感脂酶的活性明显升高(P<0.05);下丘脑、腺垂体和脂肪组织中cAMP含量显著增加(P<0.05).     

添加吡啶羧酸铬对肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体性能的影响

铬元素作为动物体必需的微量元素，对动物的生产性能、胴体品质繁殖性能和免疫功能均有积极促进作用。目前对铬元素的研究已取得了很大的进展，尤其在牛和猪方面。尽管多数营养学家认为，铬为动物最佳营养平衡所必需，但由于对铬的研究起步较晚，人们对铬的了解还很少，在动物饲粮配制时，基本上未对铬的含量予以考虑，而且各国对铬的需要量还未有标准。从现有的试验研究上看，结果也并非_至殳。因此，此次试验结合生产实际，着重研究添加吡啶羧酸铬对肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体性能的影响，为铬元素在养鸡业的推广应用提供科学依据。     

烟酸铬对肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质影响的研究

随着人们生活水平的改善和消费动物食品保健意识的增强,对猪肉要求:脂肪少、瘦肉多、风味好、残留少。但是,在现阶段规模养猪生产中,为追求高产肉量,许多使用“瘦肉灵”等β-兴奋剂(BAA)产品以提高出栏猪的瘦肉率,结果常常出现猪肉深暗(DFD肉)、水份渗出或坚硬、肉质粗糙、缺少风味等不良现象,反而危害经营效益,而且BAA的残留将严重影响人们的健康。本研究旨在探讨有机铬制剂(Crp)和通过营养调控的办法对肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的效应。设BAA为对照,采用饲养试验、屠宰实验的方法,以期解决目前养猪生产中BAA滥用问题,提高养猪生产…     

半胱胺、L-肉碱对肥育猪生长性能和胴体品质的影响

选择60kg左右的杜大长三元杂种猪144头,按体重接近原则分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复12头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,3个试验组分别饲喂基础饲粮 L-肉碱100g/t、基础饲粮 半胱胺75g/t、基础饲粮 L-肉碱100g/t 半胱胺75g/t,饲养试验38天,饲养试验结束后每组选取6头(公母各半)进行屠宰试验。结果表明,饲粮中添加半胱胺75g/t和半胱胺75g/t L-肉碱100g/t可使肥育猪平均日增重分别提高7.83%(P<0.05)和8.55%(P<0.05),平均日采食量提高8.43%(P<0.05)和8.05%(P<0.05)。添加L-肉碱100g/t、半胱胺75g/t和L-肉碱100g/t 半胱胺75g/t可使肥育猪脂肪率分别下降11.81%(P<0.05)、9.81%(P<0.05)和17.05%(P<0.05),瘦肉率分别提高5.34%(P<0.05)、5.20%(P<0.05)和6.11%(P<0.05),眼肌面积分别提高7.41%(P<0.05)、5.44%(P>0.05)和9.49%(P<0.05),肩部背膘厚分别降低12.50%(P<0.05)、5.45%(P>0.05)和14.10%(P<0.05),最后肋骨处背膘厚分别下降24.86%(P<0.05)、7.57%(P>0.05)和27.03%(P<0.05)。添加L-肉碱对猪肉滴水损失无显著影响,但能显著改善肉色,添加半胱胺对肉质无明显影响,两者同时添加可使滴水损失下降16.08%(P<0.05)。添加半胱胺和L-肉碱具有协同作用。     

日粮中添加吡啶羧酸铬对幼建鲤生产性能和血清生化指标的影响

为研究日粮中添加吡啶羧酸铬对幼建鲤生长和血清生化指标的影响,本试验采用单因素试验设计,选择225尾健康的初重为(35.61±0.14)g的幼建鲤,平均分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复15尾,分别投喂吡啶羧酸铬添加量为0、2.46、4.92、7.38 mg/kg和9.84 mg/kg的饲料,投喂12周。结果表明:随着饲料中吡啶羧酸铬添加量的增加,幼建鲤的增重率、饲料转化率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率和肥满度呈先提高后降低的趋势;与对照组相比,添加组血清甘油三酯、尿素氮和血糖降低(P<0.05),而总蛋白(P>0.05)和游离脂肪酸提高(P<0.01)。结论:添加适量吡啶羧酸铬可改善血液生化指标,促进生长。     

甜菜碱和B族维生素对商品猪生长性能及同体肉品质影响

许多研究表明,甜菜碱可以促进肥育猪生长,改善饲料利用率,降低背膘厚,减少胴体脂肪沉积,增大眼肌面积和提高瘦肉率。日粮中添加B族维生素,可     

Effect of supplemental vitamins and trace minerals on performance and carcass quality in finishing pigs

Two trials with finishing pigs (PIC line 355 x Camborough 22) were conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin and trace mineral (VTM) supplement deletions on performance, carcass quality, and tissue nutrient levels. Trial 1, a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments involving three VTM supplement regimens and two stress regimens, was conducted for 12 wk with 252 pigs (mixed sex). Average initial weight of pigs was 54 kg. The VTM regimens consisted of control (adequate level of VTM throughout trial), VTM deleted for the final 6 wk, and VTM deleted for entire 12 wk of the trial. The stress regimens consisted of leaving half the treatments in their original location or moving the other half of the treatments to a new pen location every 3 wk. There were three replications (pens) per treatment with 14 pigs per pen (0.80 m2). Diets were medicated with bacitracin methylene disalicylate. Overall, there were no treatment differences (P > 0.05) for ADG, ADFI, gain:feed ratio, longissimus muscle area, or last-rib backfat. However, there was a greater than 75% decrease (P < 0.001) in vitamin E content of longissimus muscle from deleting VTM for 6 or 12 wk. Trial 2, a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments involving three VTM regimens and two genders, was conducted for 12 wk with 306 pigs. Average initial weight of pigs was 58 kg. The VTM regimens were identical to those used in Trial 1. Each treatment consisted of three gender replications of 17 pigs per pen (0.66 m2), and all diets were unmedicated. Overall, pigs fed diets without VTM for 12 wk had lower (P < 0.06) ADG than those fed the control diets. Vitamin E content of the ham muscle was reduced by greater than 50% (P < 0.001) when pigs were fed diets without VTM for 6 or 12 wk compared with those fed the control diet. Concentrations of copper in ham muscle were reduced (P < 0.05) in pigs fed diets without VTM. These data suggest that deleting VTM during the finishing stage markedly lowers the vitamin E content of pork muscle.     

饲料中添加紫花苜蓿多糖对育肥猪生长性能和胴体品质的影响

为研究紫花苜蓿多糖对育肥猪生长性能及胴体品质的影响,选择体重相近的健康三元杂交育肥猪180头,随机分成3组,每个组3个重复,每个重复20头,1组饲喂基础日粮为对照组,2、3组分别在基础日粮中添加5.0%、10.0%紫花苜蓿多糖,预试验10 d,试验期60 d。在试验1 d和60 d测定生长性能指标,试验结束测定胴体品质。结果表明:(1)试验2、3组试验末重和平均日增重分别较对照组提高5.8%、6.2%、14.0%、14.9%(P <0.05),试验2、3组料重比分别较对照组降低4.6%、5.0%(P <0.05)。(2)试验2、3组屠宰率和瘦肉率分别较对照组提高4.2%、4.0%、5.8%、6.9%(P <0.05);试验2、3组胴体率均高于对照组(P> 0.05),试验2、3组背膘厚和眼肌面积分别较对照组降低7.8%、10.0%、8.9%、8.7%(P <0.05)。(3)试验2、3组肉质评价指标大理石评分、肉色、剪切力、p H24 h较对照组相比,均差异性不显著(P> 0.05)。综述所述,日粮中10.0%紫花苜蓿多糖可以提高育肥猪的生长性能和胴体品质。     

Effects of dietary iodine value product on growth performance and carcass fat quality of finishing pigs

A total of 120 barrows (initial BW = 47.9 ± 3.6 kg; PIC 1050) were used in an 83-d study to determine the effects of dietary iodine value (IV) product (IVP) on growth performance and fat quality. Pigs were blocked by BW and randomly allotted to 1 of 6 treatments with 2 pigs per pen and 10 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were fed in 3 phases and formulated to 3 IVP concentrations (low, medium, and high) in each phase. Treatments were 1) corn-soybean meal control diet with no added fat (low IVP), 2) corn-extruded expelled soybean meal (EESM) diet with no added fat (medium IVP), 3) corn-soybean meal diet with 15% distillers dried grains with solubles and choice white grease (DDGS + CWG; medium IVP), 4) corn-soybean meal diet with low CWG (medium IVP), 5) corn-EESM diet with 15% DDGS (high IVP), and 6) corn-soybean meal diet with high CWG (high IVP). On d 83, pigs were slaughtered and backfat and jowl fat samples were collected and analyzed. The calculated and analyzed dietary IVP values were highly correlated (r(2) = 0.86, P < 0.01). Pigs fed the control diet, EESM, or high CWG had greater (P < 0.05) ADG than pigs fed EESM + DDGS. Pigs fed the control diet had greater (P < 0.05) ADFI than pigs fed all other diets. Pigs fed EESM + DDGS and high CWG had improved (P < 0.05) G:F compared with pigs fed the control diet or DDGS + CWG. Pigs fed diets with DDGS had greater (P < 0.05) backfat and jowl fat IV, C18:2n-6, and PUFA and less SFA than pigs fed all other treatments. Pigs fed EESM had greater (P < 0.05) backfat and jowl fat IV, C18:2n-6, and PUFA than pigs fed the control diet, low CWG, or high CWG. Pigs fed low CWG or high CWG had greater (P < 0.05) jowl fat IV than control pigs. Feeding ingredients high in unsaturated fatty acids, such as DDGS and EESM, had a greater impact on fat IV than CWG, even when diet IVP was similar. Therefore, IVP was a poor predictor of carcass fat IV in pigs fed diets with different fat sources and amounts of unsaturated fats formulated with similar IVP. Dietary C18:2n-6 content was a better predictor of carcass fat IV than diet IVP.     

不同屠宰体重商品猪胴体性能、肉品质及相关关系研究

测定了体重70～140 kg阶段120头商品猪的胴体品质和肉质特性,分析了商品猪胴体性能、肉质性状随体重的变化规律及相关程度,为确定适宜上市屠宰体重提供依据。结果表明:70～100 kg体重阶段,随体重增大,平均背膘厚、眼肌面积、皮脂率、肉色和大理石纹显著升高,后腿比例、瘦肉率、骨骼率、L和b值显著降低。胴体和肉质性状间相关程度有强有弱,相关系数有正有负。相同性状间有较强的正相关,相反性状间有较强的负相关。在70～140 kg阶段,胴体重、胴体直长、胴体斜长、眼肌面积、平均背膘厚、瘦肉率、皮脂率、骨骼率、肉色和L值与体重之间呈显著的回归关系,其他指标与体重间的线性相关不显著。     

有机铬对猪生长性能及胴体品质的影响

1有机铬对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响目前关于有机铬在断奶仔猪上应用的报道不多,但从已有的试验数据看,有机铬在仔猪上的应用应该有巨大的发展空间。孙鎏国等(2002)的试验表明,日粮中添加吡啶甲酸铬的试验组(添加量分别为5、10、20、40mg/kg)平均日增重分别提高了11.02%、13.81%、13.92%、14.06%。腹泻率分别下降了9.52%、14.28%、15.48%、14.29%。中国农业大学(1999)的试验也表明,酵母铬可提高断奶仔猪的生长速度(P<0.06),改善饲料转化率。该试验还发现酵母铬组猪群体内的猪瘟抗体水平有上升的趋势,这表明,酵母铬可提高猪瘟抗体水平。2有机…     

添加苜蓿草粉对育肥猪生产性能和肉品质的影响

本研究旨在通过为期3个月的舍内连续饲喂试验,探讨在饲粮中添加苜蓿(Medicago sativa)草粉对育肥猪生产性能和肉品质的影响。试验选取60kg左右、胎次相近、体重相近、健康状况良好的杜×长×大育肥猪160头,公母各半。本试验共设置5个处理,即对照组和试验1、2、3、4组,每组4个重复,每个重复8头猪。饲粮中苜蓿草粉水平依次为0、5%、10%、15%和20%。结果表明,1)10%苜蓿草粉添加量显著(P0.05)提高了育肥猪的末重,且10%和15%苜蓿草粉添加量显著(P0.05)提高了育肥猪的日增重,显著(P0.05)降低了育肥猪的料重比。2)当苜蓿草粉添加量为10%、15%和20%时,猪眼肌面积显著(P0.05)高于其他各处理,当苜蓿草粉添加量为5%、10%和15%时,育肥猪肌内脂肪含量显著(P0.05)高于其他各处理,但是各苜蓿草粉添加量对猪肉的pH、系水率、熟肉率等指标均无显著影响(P0.05)。综合认为,苜蓿草粉添加量对育肥猪的生产性能和肉品质有一定的改善,其中10%的添加量效果最好。     

生长肥育猪性别对甲基吡啶铬使用效果的影响

选择 48头平均体重为 30.7kg± 3.1kg的三元杂交健康生长猪，按单因子随机区组设计分为两个处理，分别饲喂未加甲基吡啶铬的日粮和添加 0.05％甲基吡啶铬的日粮。试验结果显示：同对照组青年母猪相比，试验组青年母猪的平均日增重（ ADG）（ P=0.27）、饲料转化效率（ FCR）（ P=0.08）和瘦肉率（ P=0.20）得到不同程度的提高和改善；同对照组阉公猪相比，试验组肥育阉公猪的 ADG和 FCR受到显著（ P=0.04）抑制，瘦肉率表现出降低的趋势（ P=0.27）。结论：性别是影响生长肥育猪对甲基吡啶铬使用效果的一个重要因素。     

伟德山土著菌对育肥猪生产性能的影响

荣成市地处胶东半岛最东端,属温带季风型湿润气候区,四季分明,伟德山是当地最大的山脉,野生动植物资源丰富,植被茂盛,森林覆盖率达80％,生态环境保护较好,在适宜的生态环境中采取土著菌作为母种,扩繁后与其他材料配比制作发酵床用于育肥猪的饲养,本试验旨在探讨用伟德山土著菌养猪与传统养猪对育肥猪生产性能的影响。     

Dietary mulberry leaf powder affects growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality in finishing pigs

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mulberry leaves as an alternative source of protein on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality in finishing pigs. A total of 180 Xiangcun Black pigs were randomly assigned to five treatment groups with six pens of six pigs per pen. The pigs were provided with a basal diet or a diet contained 3%, 6%, 9% or 12% of mulberry leaf powder during a 50‐day experiment period. The results showed that dietary mulberry leaf powder had no negative effect on growth performance in Xiangcun Black pigs, except in the 12% mulberry group, where final body weight and average daily gain decreased (p < .05) and feed to gain ratio of the pigs increased (p < .05). Dietary mulberry inclusion decreased (quadratic, p < .05) the back fat thickness, fibre mean cross‐sectional area (CSA) in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle and mRNA expression levels of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) IIb in LD and biceps femoris (BF) muscles, while increased (linear or quadratic, p < .05) the plasma concentration of albumin, levels of crude protein (CP), inosine monophosphate (IMP) and several amino acids in muscle tissues. When compared with the other groups, the 9% mulberry diet increased (p < .05) loin‐eye area and contents of CP and IMP in muscles, while decreased (p < .05) plasma activity of cholinesterase and concentrations of uric acid and urea. The 6% mulberry diet had the lowest fibre mean CSA and shear force and increased total fibre number of the LD muscle, when compared with the other groups. These results suggest that including mulberry in the diet at <12% is an effective feed crop to improve meat quality and the chemical composition of muscle without negatively affecting growth performance.