不同灭酶处理对燕麦粉品质的影响

为了探讨不同灭酶方式对燕麦籽粒磨粉品质及燕麦粉加工品质的影响,采用炒制、蒸制和红外烘烤三种灭酶方式处理燕麦籽粒,测定了出粉率及燕麦粉灰分、β-葡聚糖、蛋白质和脂肪含量,同时对燕麦粉的黏度参数进行了比较研究,用不同灭酶处理的燕麦粉制作燕麦-小麦混合粉馒头并对其进行了感官评定.结果表明,燕麦籽粒经过灭酶后出粉率较对照组平均高出3.12个百分点,其中红外灭酶处理出粉率增加了6.84个百分点;炒制和蒸制处理使燕麦粉灰分和β-葡聚糖含量显著高于对照组,蛋白质和脂肪含量略高于对照组,而红外烘烤对样品组分影响不大;炒制、蒸制和红外烘烤均降低了燕麦粉的糊化起始温度,蒸制和红外烘烤提高了燕麦粉的峰值黏度、最终黏度和低谷黏度;经红外烘烤后的燕麦粉制作的燕麦-小麦混合粉馒头感官评分最高.红外烘烤灭酶有助于提高出粉率和适合燕麦传统食品制作.     

高直链淀粉小麦西农836淀粉理化性质及消化特性分析

淀粉是人体摄入碳水化合物的主要来源,经消化后以葡萄糖的形式被人体吸收,其消化特性与人体健康密切相关。为探究小麦品种西农836淀粉理化性质与消化特性的关系,以商品粉金沙河、香雪、金龙鱼作为对照,测定其与西农836中直链淀粉含量、淀粉粒度和结晶度、糊化特性以及体外消化率的差异,并在小鼠体内模拟消化。结果表明,与金龙鱼、金沙河、香雪相比,西农836淀粉中直链淀粉含量和B型淀粉粒含量最高,与前3者差异显著（P<0.05）;西农836淀粉的峰值温度最高,峰值黏度和最终黏度最低;淀粉体外消化试验结果显示,西农836的快消化淀粉（RDS）、总消化淀粉（RDS+SDS）含量最低,抗性淀粉（RS）含量最高。小鼠体内消化试验结果表明,与金沙河相比,灌食西农836淀粉的小鼠血糖峰值较低,说明高直链淀粉小麦西农836有利于延缓消化和控制血糖升高。相关性分析结果显示,直链淀粉含量与抗性淀粉含量呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。     

磷素对小麦籽粒支链淀粉合成及其链长分布的影响

为探究不同磷水平对小麦籽粒支链淀粉合成与支链淀粉精细结构的影响。以新冬20号（南疆主栽）和新冬23号（北疆强筋面包小麦）为材料,研究了3种施磷(P₂O₅)量 0 kg·hm^-2（CK ）、105 kg·hm^-2（CP ）和210 kg·hm^-2（HP）对小麦籽粒支链淀粉合成相关酶基因表达、相关酶活性、籽粒支链淀粉含量、支链淀粉链长分布以及籽粒全磷含量的影响。结果表明,施磷显著提高了支链淀粉合成相关酶基因（ sbe1、 sbe2a、 sbe2b、 iso1）的表达量和籽粒支链淀粉含量。CP处理提高了支链淀粉B链段的比例,但降低了A链段的比例。两个参试小麦品种籽粒中支链淀粉合成关键酶的活性对磷素的敏感性不同,新冬 20号受磷水平影响较大。施磷提高了新冬20号胚乳中蔗糖合成酶（SS）活性和酶活高峰期的淀粉分支酶（SBE）活性,提前了新冬20号胚乳中淀粉去分支酶（DBE）活性峰值的出现时间。     

水杨酸对盐胁迫下糯玉米幼苗生理和光合特性的影响

以糯玉米津糯72为试验材料,用水杨酸处理种子,研究水杨酸对不同含盐量土壤条件下的糯玉米幼苗生理和光合特性的影响。结果表明,1 mmol/L水杨酸处理比等量蒸馏水(CK)处理显著(P＜0.05)提高0.04%~0.52%土壤含盐量下糯玉米幼苗的过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性;显著(P＜0.05)提高0.04%~0.68%土壤含盐量下幼苗可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量和脯氨酸含量;显著(P＜0.05)降低0.04%~0.68%土壤含盐量下幼苗丙二醛含量;显著(P＜0.05)提高0.22%~0.35%土壤含盐量下幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量和净光合速率;显著(P＜0.05)提高0.35%~0.52%土壤含盐量下幼苗叶片的气孔导度;显著(P＜0.05)提高0.22%~0.52%土壤含盐量下幼苗叶片的蒸腾速率;显著(P＜0.05)降低0.22%~0.52%土壤含盐量下幼苗叶片的胞间二氧化碳浓度。外源水杨酸可通过调控抗氧化系统、改善光合特性、提高叶绿素含量、提高渗透物质含量和降低丙二醛含量提高糯玉米幼苗的耐盐能力。     

小麦淀粉合成关键酶基因和相关蛋白表达对不同施磷量的响应

为深入研究磷素在小麦淀粉产量和品质形成过程中的作用,以新疆冬小麦主栽品种新冬20号为试验材料,研究0 kg·hm^-2（CK）、105 kg·hm^-2（LP）和210 kg·hm^-2（HP）3种施磷（P₂O₅）量对小麦籽粒灌浆特性、淀粉合成关键酶(AGPase和GBSS)活性和基因表达、胚乳可溶性蛋白和淀粉粒结合蛋白含量及谱带特征、胚乳微观特性等的影响。结果表明,籽粒灌浆后期磷肥对粒重的促进作用逐渐增强;低磷（LP）条件下, agp1、 agp2、 gbss1、 gbss2基因表达量显著提高;3个处理下AGPase活性的变化趋势基本一致;籽粒灌浆中期（14～21 d）,低磷处理的GBSS活性显著高于CK;不同磷处理对淀粉粒结合蛋白和胚乳可溶性蛋白含量的影响显著,但对蛋白谱带特征的影响较弱。扫描电镜结果显示,不同磷处理的胚乳淀粉粒形态未发生明显变化;与CK和高磷（HP）处理相比,低磷处理下籽粒胚乳横断面蛋白基质较少,淀粉粒与蛋白质结合较疏松。说明常规施磷（低磷）条件下,淀粉合成关键酶基因（agp和gbss）相对表达量提高或酶活性变化可影响籽粒淀粉合成及胚乳中蛋白与淀粉粒的嵌合度,并最终造成粒重的增加和淀粉特性的变化。     

不同热处理小米粉对小麦粉面团流变学特性的影响

为探究经过不同热处理的小米粉对小麦面团品质的影响,将小米粉分别进行膨化、蒸制和炒制热处理,经蒸制和炒制的小米粉按照0、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%和35%的比例添加到小麦粉中,膨化小米粉按照0、2%、4%、6%和8%的比例添加到小麦粉中,分别对混合粉面团的流变学特性进行研究。结果表明,不同热处理小米粉的灰分、蛋白质、脂肪、总淀粉和总膳食纤维含量均下降,可溶性膳食纤维含量升高(炒制组除外)。不同热处理小米粉的添加量对小麦面团粉质特性和拉伸特性的影响存在显著差异(P0.05);面团的粉质特性随小米粉含量的增加而减弱;添加蒸制和炒制小米粉的面团粉质特性较好。随着小米粉含量的增加,添加膨化小米粉的面团的拉伸特性呈先增强后减弱的趋势,添加蒸制和炒制小米粉的面团的拉伸特性则逐渐减弱,且3个处理的拉伸特性都随醒面时间的延长有所增强,不同处理之间的拉伸特性差别不大。     

花后高温和干旱对冬小麦光合、抗氧化特性及粒重的影响

为了解花后高温和干旱双重胁迫对小麦的效应,以石麦15为材料,于花后15 d到21 d进行高温（34~36 ℃）和干旱（土壤含水量为田间持水量的40%~45%）处理,研究了高温和干旱胁迫对小麦旗叶光合性能、旗叶丙二醛（MDA）含量和抗氧化酶活性、籽粒淀粉含量和千粒重的影响。结果表明,胁迫第7 d（花后21 d）时,干旱和高温-干旱双重胁迫显著降低了小麦旗叶净光合速率（P_n）和叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值),胁迫解除后P_n降幅缩小,高温胁迫下P_n和SPAD值与对照的差异不显著。高温-干旱双重胁迫显著降低了旗叶F_v/F_m值,且胁迫解除后恢复程度较小。胁迫期间,旗叶MDA含量和过氧化物酶（POD）活性持续升高,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均呈先升后降趋势,SOD和CAT活性对干旱、高温-干旱双重胁迫更敏感,胁迫第7天时高温-干旱双重胁迫下降幅度最大。旗叶P_n和SPAD的变化趋势与籽粒淀粉积累量和千粒重变化趋势基本一致,说明灌浆期高温、干旱胁迫下小麦籽粒淀粉积累量和粒重的降低与质膜过氧化、叶绿素的降解和旗叶早衰导致的光合性能下降密切相关,在双重胁迫下光合性能受抑加剧。     

小麦淀粉合成酶SSⅡa基因克隆及生物学分析

淀粉合成酶SSⅡa基因是小麦淀粉合成中的关键酶基因。为了从分子水平上了解造成不同小麦品种（系）淀粉含量差异的原因,本研究根据GeneBank中的SSⅡa基因序列AF155217.2设计引物,对8个不同抗性淀粉含量的小麦品种（系）SSⅡa基因进行克隆和多态性分析,并对其氨基酸序列进行结构域预测。结果表明,8个品种的SSⅡa基因序列高度保守,与GeneBank中已发表的序列相似度达98.19%以上,共发现40个单核苷酸变异,导致20个氨基酸发生了变异。蛋白结构域分析发现这些变异位点均位于α-淀粉催化酶氨基N-末端外侧,而在α-淀粉催化酶的催化区域并未发现变异位点。另外,在新春12中,还发现了一个缺失位点,缺失片段为249 bp,该缺失片段包含了糖基转移酶的部分位点。本研究为进一步从分子水平理解SSⅡa基因的结构与抗性淀粉含量之间的关系及开发分子标记辅助选择育种提供了序列信息。     

不同地区不同裸燕麦品种淀粉品质分析

为研究不同生长环境对燕麦淀粉品质的影响,分别选取同时在我国两大燕麦主产区内蒙古和河北省种植的10个裸燕麦品种,测定其抗性淀粉含量、总淀粉含量、糊化特性和淀粉水解率,通过多重比较分析品种的变异性和地区之间的差异性。结果表明,两地区内参试样品间的抗性淀粉、总淀粉、峰值黏度、破损值和回生值的差异均较大;两地区之间,抗性淀粉和总淀粉含量存在显著差异(P<0.05),淀粉水解率以及大部分糊化特性存在极显著差异(P<0.01);内蒙古地区种植的燕麦样品淀粉水解率、糊化温度极显著(P<0.01)高于河北地区种植的燕麦样品,而峰值黏度、破损值、回生值极显著(P<0.01)低于河北地区的样品。     

小麦淀粉合酶基因家族成员的表达差异分析

籽粒淀粉的含量和结构影响小麦的产量和品质,而淀粉合酶在淀粉合成中起着关键作用。植物淀粉合酶基因经多次复制和功能分化,形成了具有不同功能特性的多成员大家族。为揭示淀粉合酶基因家族成员间的序列特性和表达差异,本研究参考已知的水稻淀粉合酶蛋白序列,对小麦全基因组中的淀粉合酶基因进行鉴定,并对其进行差异表达分析。结果共鉴定到27个小麦淀粉合酶基因,这些基因分布在1A/1B/1D、2A/2B/2D、6A/6B/6D、7A/7B/7D染色体上,可分为Group A和Group B两大类,Group A包含TaGBSS、 TaSSⅠ、 TaSSⅡ三个亚家族,所编码的蛋白均具有motif1~motif10,且motif排列顺序一致;Group B包含 TaSSⅢ、 TaSSⅣ两个亚家族,所编码的蛋白都缺少motif9和motif10,另外 TaSSⅢ亚家族还缺少motif8。与玉米、水稻、高粱、拟南芥不同,小麦淀粉合酶基因没有 TaSSⅤ亚家族。同一亚家族内不同基因具有明显的表达差异,其中, TaGBSSⅠ、 TaSSⅡa和 TaSSⅢa在胚乳中特异表达;小麦相同部分同源群内的淀粉合酶基因间在不同组织和不同发育时期也存在表达差异, TaSSⅡa-B和 TaSSⅡa-D在授粉后20 d和30 d的胚乳中表达量比 TaSSⅡa-A高。差异表达的淀粉合酶基因启动子中的胚乳特异表达元件（RY-element、AACA-motif和ACGTOSGLUB1）存在类型和数量差异。     

Extreme resistance to infection by potato virus X in genotypes of wild tuber-bearingSolanum species

Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta. Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X¹ (also called RX_act).     

Effect of a continuous hot water treatment of potato tubers on seed-borne fungal pathogens

Summary The viability of five pathogens was decreased by treatment with hot water when tested in vitro.Polyscytalum pustulans was most sensitive andRhizoctonia solani least sensitive. Potato tubers were exposed to 55°C for 5 min in a commercial continuous hot water treatment plant using naturally contaminated seed tubers and tubers which had been inoculated by dipping in comminuted cultures. The frequency of eyes colonised byP. pustulans, Helminthosporium solani, andR. solani was reduced to virtually zero and the effect persisted on tubers subsequently stored at 4°C and at 15°C for up to 16 wk. Results withColletotrichum coccodes were inconclusive. Treatment suppressedPenicillium spp. which, however, rapidly recolonised the eyes during storage, leading to higher contamination levels in the treated than in the untreated tubers. With tubers inoculated withPhoma foveata, good control was achieved when the incubation period before treatment was 10 d but not when the period was 42 d.     

Mineral composition of some traditional Mexican teas

Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described.     

Field assessment of the relative importance of different aphid species in the transmission of potato virus Y

Summary Flying aphids were trapped throughout the summer on a vertical net downwind of a plot of PVY-infected potato plants. Of 6769 individuals caught, 165 transmitted PVY to tobacco test seedlings. Of 119 species or species groups caught, 20 were found to be vectors of which nine had not been recorded previously.Brachycaudus helichrysi, Myzus persicae, Phorodon humuli andAphis species accounted for 90% of transmissions andB. helichrysi alone for 52% of transmissions. The prospects of using this information to assess the amount of virus spread in a potato crop and of forecasting the timing and abundance of the main vectors are discussed.

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Zusammenfassung Im Abwind einer Parzelle mit PVY-infizierten Kartoffelpflanzen (7% PVY^O, 4% PVY^N, 89% beide) wurden fliegende Blattl?use in zwei vertikalen Netzen (4,4 m × 1,4 m mit hexagonalen L?chern mit 1,5 mm Durchmesser) gefangen und anschliessend auf Tabaks?mlinge überführt, um zu prüfen, ob sie PVY übertragen. Die Blattl?use wurden vom 8. Juni bis zum 8. August 1984 normalerweise an einem Tag pro Woche von 10 bis 17 Uhr gefangen. Im Laufe von 12 Fangtagen wurden 6769 sachte 52% der übertragungen bei nur 15% der totalen Fangzahl (Tab. 3).B. helichrysi mitMyzus persicae, Phorodon humuli und Species des GenusAphis ergaben sich als 90% der übertragenden Individuen bei nur 32% der gefangenen Proben. Acht Prozent der gefangenenB. helichrysi waren übertr?ger, dagegen nur 4,7% vonM. persicae. B. helichrysi k?nnte als Vektor besonders wichtig sein, weil sie in der Vegetationszeit Blattl?use von 119 Species oder Speciesgruppen gefangen, von denen 165 (2,44%) Tabak mit PVY inokulierten (Tab. 1). 133 Blattl?use übertrugen PVY^O und 32 übertrugen PVY^N (und m?glicherweise auch PVY^O). 20 Species oder Speciesgruppen waren Vektoren, von denen 9 (Cryptomyzus ballotae, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Metopolophium festucae, Myzus ligustri, M. myosotidis, Myzaphis rosarum, Sitobion avenae, S. fragariae undUroleucon spp.) erstmalig beschriebene Vektoren sind.Brachycaudus helichrysi verurfrüh auftritt (Tab. 2), wenn die Pflanzen am anf?lligsten sind und die Virus-Translokation zu den Knollen am schnellsten stattfindet. Die Aussichten zum Gebrauch dieser Information zur Absch?tzung des Aufbaues von Virusbefall im Bestand und die Aussichten für eine Vorhersage der Menge der wichtigsten Vektoren werden diskutiert. Es ist dringend erforderlich, die Biologie vonB. helichrysi zu untersuchen.

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Résumé Deux filets verticaux (4,40 m × 1,40 m à mailles héxagonales de 1,5 mm de diamètre) sont placés face au vent pour la capture des pucerons dans une parcelle de plants de pommes de terre contaminés par PVY (7% PVY^O, 4% PVY^N, 89% par les deux) puis les pucerons sont transferrés sur des plantules de tabac en milieu clos pour tester la transmission de PVY. Les captures de pucerons ont eu lieu du 8 juin au 8 ao?t 1984, en général à raison d'un journée par semaine, de 10 heures à 17 heures. Pendant les 12 premiers jours, 6769 pucerons de 119 espèces ou groupes d'espèces ont été capturés, les plantules de tabac ayant été inoculées par PVY avec 165 pucerons (2,44%) (tabl. 1). 133 pucerons étaient vecteurs de PVY^O et 32 de PVY^N (et probablement PVY^O). 20 espèces ou groupes d'espèces étaient des vecteurs dont 9 récemment enregistrés (Cryptomyzus ballotae, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Metopolophium festucae, Myzus ligustri, M. myosotidis, Myzaphis rosarum, Sitobion avenae, S. fragariae etUroleucon spp.).Brachycaudus helichrysi représentait 52% des transmissions mais seulement 15% du total capturé (tabl. 3).B. helichrysi, Myzus persicae, Phorodon humuli et les espèces du gèneAphis représentaient 90% des transmissions et 32% des captures seulement. 8,0% deB. helichrysi capturé a transmis le virus contre, 4,7% pourM. persicae. B. helichrysi peut être particulièrement important comme vecteur dans la mesure ou il appara?t t?t en saison (tabl. 2) lorsque les plantes sont très sensibles et la translocation di virus aux tubercules la plus rapide. Les perspectives à partir de cette connaissance sont discutées en vue d'analyser l'évolution du virus dans une culture et les prévisions de l'abondance des plus importants vecteurs. Une plus grande connaissance de la biologie deB. helichrysi devient urgente.

     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.     

玉米黑粉菌菌瘤内内生细菌对黑粉菌的冬孢子萌发的影响

利用高通量测序分析明确玉米黑粉菌菌瘤内菌粉培养液中内生细菌种类，结合16SrDNA分析，分离并鉴定在培养液中占比最高的菌株。以溶菌酶及Amp处理玉米黑粉菌冬孢子为对照，显微镜下观察菌瘤内内生细菌对玉米黑粉菌冬孢子萌发的影响。结果表明，在4份样品的菌粉培养液中，肠杆菌属细菌的占比在90%以上。当肠杆菌大量增殖时对黑粉菌的冬孢子萌发产生影响，可引起黑粉菌的冬孢子发生质壁分离，释放原生质体，部分原生质体再生成菌体；也可以使冬孢子壁直接被降解，原生质体萎缩。研究发现，玉米黑粉菌菌瘤内的内生细菌以肠杆菌为主，该内生细菌对黑粉菌的冬孢子萌发产生影响。     

Effect of haulm treatment and harvest time on incidence of tuber rots of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) after standard wounding and on frequency of stem lesions caused byPhoma foveata Foister

Summary Various haulm treatments and harvest times differentially influenced the incidence of storage rots in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) in field experiments in Sweden performed over 4 years. The incidence of gangrene caused byPhoma foveata Foister (Phoma exigua var.foveata (Foister) Boerema) increased in cv. Bellona after spraying haulms with diquat as did the amount of infection caused byFusarium avenaceum (Corda ex. Fr.) Sacc. in all three cultivars (Bintje, Bellona, and Magnum Bonum). The lowestP. foveata infection levels occurred after pulling haulms. Late harvesting increased the frequency ofP. foveata in cvs Bintje and Bellona both at 2 and 4 wks interval between haulm treatment and harvest. Tuber and visible stem infection caused byP. foveata were correlated for cvs Bintje and Bellona, but not for cv. Magnum Bonum. The possible relation between tuber and stem infection is discussed.     

The effect of the moisture level of potting compost on the susceptibility of glasshouse-grown tubers to late blight

Summary The effect of the moisture level of potting compost at harvest on the susceptibility of tubers of three cultivars to late blight was investigated in the glasshouse in three successive years. Three moisture regimes (dry, moist, wet) were imposed at flowering time, the tubers harvested 3 weeks later and immediately dipped in a zoospore suspension ofPhytophthora infestans. Tubers from dry compost were significantly more susceptible than those from wet or moist compost, which showed similar levels of susceptibility.     

先玉335、郑单958和京科968抗虫能力的比较研究

以先玉335、郑单958、京科968为材料,以玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)、黏虫(Mythimna separata)和禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)为供试昆虫,探究玉米品系大喇叭口期对玉米螟和黏虫及抽雄期对禾谷缢管蚜抗性差异,测定其主要抗虫化合物丁布类物质的含量。结果发现,京科968对玉米螟及禾谷缢管蚜抗性均高于另外两个品系;对黏虫的抗性,郑单958和京科968高于先玉335。大喇叭口期京科968中丁布类物质含量最高,抽雄期郑单958和京科968中主要丁布成分含量均高于先玉335,上述组织中丁布合成相关基因在郑单958及京科968中的表达量也均高于先玉335。本研究揭示杂交玉米抗虫性与抗性相关化合物含量及其相关基因表达间存在正向相关关系,为抗虫玉米分子育种提供理论参考。     

Evaluation of fungicides to control Petri disease pathogens in the grapevine propagation process

The efficacy of fourteen selected fungicides against Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum was evaluated in vitro by mycelial growth and conidial germination assays. Azoxystrobin, carbendazim and tebuconazole were the most effective fungicides against P. chlamydospora, while carbendazim and didecyldimethylammonium chloride were the most effective against P. aleophilum. An assay was also conducted with cubiet, hydroxyquinoline sulphate and didecyldimethylammonium chloride to determine their potential to prevent infections caused by these pathogens during the hydration stage in grapevine propagation. The results of this experiment demonstrated that P. chlamydospora and P. aleophilum were able to infect healthy cuttings during the hydration stage and showed that didecyldimethylammonium chloride was consistently the best treatment as a disinfectant soak for grapevine cuttings. Additionally, semi-commercial trials were conducted in two grapevine nurseries to evaluate the effectiveness of several strategies with carbendazim, flusilazole and hydroxyquinoline sulphate at different nursery stages. Soaking planting material in carbendazim during the hydration stage was the most effective treatment since neither P. chlamydospora nor P. aleophilum were isolated from planting material in either nursery.