大鼠发情周期的子宫组织雌激素受体定位的初步研究

本试验选用 SD 系大鼠,用常规阴道抹片法鉴定发情。采用免疫组织化学的过氧化物酶—抗过氧化物酶复合物(PAP)法,进行雌激素受体(ER)定位。在子宫的内膜固有层、肌层和浆膜层,发现抗雌二醇抗体的免疫反应阳性细胞,而在内膜上皮细胞内无阳性染色。这种阳性染色可以被乙烯酚所阻断,不加抗雌二醇抗体的结果使染色呈阴性。发情周期4个不同时期的子宫组织中免疫反应阳性细胞表现出量的变化,以发情间期为基础,发情前期较多,发情期和发情后期依次减少,其动态变化与前人报道发情周期中雌二醇在血浆中的浓度变化是对应的。并发现发情周期中子宫组织的肥大细胞与雌激素受体的分布和变化有着相似的特点。     

发情周期小鼠下丘脑中GPR30的表达

探讨G蛋白偶联受体30(GPR30)在发情周期小鼠下丘脑中的分布和表达规律。分别运用免疫组织化学SP法和RT-PCR法对发情前期、发情期、发情后期和间情期小鼠下丘脑中GPR30的分布和GPR30mR-NA表达进行研究。结果表明,GPR30免疫反应阳性物质分布于发情周期小鼠下丘脑中的大部分核团以及部分胶质细胞的胞膜,其中视上核、视交叉上核、室旁核、室周核、弓状核、乳头体外侧核分布较多;视上核和视交叉上核的GPR30相对表达量分别在间情期与发情前期以及发情前期与发情期间呈极显著差异(P<0.01),均呈上升趋势,而其他核团中GPR30相对表达量在发情各期相对稳定且无显著差异(P>0.05);下丘脑中GPR30的相对表达量以发情前期和发情期较高,整个发情周期呈先升后降趋势。发情前期和发情期下丘脑中GPR30mRNA相对表达量较高,但与其他各期间无显著差异(P>0.05)。说明下丘脑中GPR30在一定程度上参与对动物发情周期的调节。     

小鼠子宫内膜雌激素受体表达规律的研究

为探讨雌激素对子宫内膜容受性的影响,实现主动干预子宫内膜容受性、提高体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)的成功率,本研究利用免疫组化法检测了雌激素受体在小鼠发情周期子宫内膜中的表达规律.结果显示,自然发情受孕组、自然发情假孕组(对照组)和超数排卵组小鼠在见栓后第2天,子宫内膜上雌激素受体(ER)表达量3组之间差异不显著(P＞0.05);之后的第4、6、8天,超数排卵组雌激素受体表达量显著高于其他2组(P＜0.05);自然发情受孕组小鼠子宫内膜中ER的表达在第4、6天时显著高于自然发情假孕组(P＜0.05),在第8天时,自然发情受孕组小鼠子宫内膜中的ER阳性率与自然发情假孕组差异不显著(P＞0.05).与自然发情受孕组相比,自然发情假孕组和超数排卵组小鼠子宫内膜容受性下降,窗口期开放延迟,而自然发情假孕组和超数排卵组差异不明显(P＞0.05).以上结果表明,雌激素通过ER对小鼠胚胎着床及窗口期子宫内膜容受性变化具有调节作用.     

绵羊垂体促性腺激素细胞的细胞类型以及在发情周期内的变化

本研究以绵羊发情周期内的不同时期、即黄体期,卵泡前期,卵泡后期和排卵后期的垂体组织为研究对象,利用免疫荧光单和双标记方法研究绵羊垂体促性腺激素细胞的细胞类型以及在发情周期内的变化。研究结果证明：在绵羊发情周期内,垂体促黄体激素免疫萤光单标记,促卵泡激素免疫荧光单标记和ＬＨ／ＦＳＨ免疫荧光双标记细胞的细胞阳性率之间地间无显著差异;绵羊垂体ＦＳＨ和ＬＨ分泌细胞属同一细胞类型,并且在发情周期内无明显变化     

Expression of Inflammatory Factors in Bovine Reproductive Tract During Follicular and Luteal Phases

In order to improve reproduvtive efficieny and understand reproduvtive defense mechanism, the oviduct, uterine horn and uterine body of bovine were used to detect the changes of inflammatory factors and the relationship between estrogen and progesterone receptor protein during estrous cycle by real-time PCR and Elisa method. The results showed that interleukin-4(IL-4), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-10(IL-10), interleukin-1α(IL-1α) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) were expressed in cow oviduct, uterine horn and uterine body. In the follicular phase and the luteal phase, m RNA expression of five inflammatory factors in the uterine horn and uterine body was higher than that in the oviduct. In the follicular phase, IL-10 was highly expressed in the uterine horn and uterine body, IL-4 was highly expressed in the uterine horn, uterine body and oviduct. Additionally, in the luteal phase, IL-6 and IL-1β were highly expressed in the uterine horn, uterine body and oviduct, and the highest expression of IL-1β was observed in the uterine horn. The levels of Estrogen Receptor(ERα) protein in the oviduct, uterine horn and uterine body significantly increased in the follicular phase. The levels of Progesterone Receptor(PR) protein in the same portions of the reproductive tract in the luteal phase were significantly higher than those in the follicular phase. IL-4 and IL-10 in the cow reproductive tract might play a major role in the follicular phase, while IL-6 and IL-1β might play a major role in the luteal phase. The expression of five inflammatory factors was not directly regulated by ERα and PR.     

豚鼠发情周期不同时期的子宫LHR mRNA差异表达研究

 【目的】克隆豚鼠子宫黄体生成素受体(LHR)基因片段并分析其进化关系,研究豚鼠子宫LHR mRNA在发情周期不同时期的表达特性。【方法】以豚鼠子宫总RNA为模板,根据小鼠、大鼠、猪LHR保守区设计引物,RT-PCR扩增LHR基因片段。筛选阳性克隆测序,采用DNAMAN软件分析比对同源性。以?-actin为分子内参,采用优化的半定量RT-PCR技术,测定豚鼠发情周期不同时期的子宫组织LHR mRNA表达量。【结果】测序得到686 bp的剪接变异体1和缺失75 bp 4号外显子的剪接变异体2。686 bp序列与人类LHR mRNA序列同源性为83.8%,与牛、猪及绵羊LHR mRNA序列同源性分别为84.6%、84.2%及83.6%,而与大鼠和小鼠LHR mRNA序列同源性则分别高达93.7%和99.4%。LHR mRNA在豚鼠整个发情周期的子宫中都有表达,发情周期第0天的表达水平为0.635 ± 0.0194,第4天为0.617 ± 0.099,均显著低于第8天的表达水平(P＜0.05),随之在第12天升至1.218 ± 0.049。【结论】克隆的片段为豚鼠LHR基因的部分序列,其mRNA存在着剪接变异体。豚鼠子宫LHR mRNA在发情周期第0、4天表达水平较低,第12天升至最高,即发情周期不同时期的LHR mRNA表达呈现明显的规律性,该结果为探究哺乳动物非性腺组织中LHR的功能及生殖内分泌调控机制提供了理论依据。     

Calcium carbonate concretions: cyclic occurrence in the hamster vagina

Three crystalline forms of calcium carbonate were identified in washings of the hamster vagina. Spherical concretions of vaterite and hexagonal concretions of calcite predominate on days 3 and 4 of the 4-day estrous cycle. Dumbbell-like concretions of aragonite predominate during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy. Each polymorph is associated with an acid-insoluble matrix. Concretions disappear after ovariectomy and reappear during daily injections of estrogen and progesterone.     

奶山羊周期黄体中催产素的免疫组化定位

运用免疫组化 ABC法对奶山羊周期黄体中催产素 (OT)的定位进行了研究。结果表明 ,奶山羊周期黄体中存在数量较多的 OT免疫反应阳性细胞。OT阳性细胞根据胞质内反应颗粒着色的深浅可分为强阳性、中等阳性和弱阳性细胞 3种。阳性细胞在形态上以圆形、卵圆形为主 ,另有相当数量的细胞具有突起 ,小梁两侧及黄体中央近腔区域的阳性细胞则多呈现为长梭形。从分布上看 ,强阳性细胞主要分布于黄体周边 ,少数散布于中央区域 ,中等阳性及弱阳性细胞则均匀分布于整个黄体组织中。连续切片 HE染色的对照观察显示 ,奶山羊周期黄体中的 OT主要是由大黄体细胞分泌 ,小黄体细胞也可产生少量的 OT。     

雌二醇及其受体在北方山溪鲵精巢中的周期性分布

用免疫组织化学方法检测雌二醇(estradiol)及其受体(estrogen receptor)在北方山溪鲵(Batrachuperus tibetanus)精巢发育周期中的表达变化。结果表明,在4~5月,雌二醇及受体在精原细胞的胞质中强表达;6月,雌二醇在精母细胞的胞质中表达较弱,其受体在精母细胞的核质中有较强表达;7月,雌二醇及受体在精子细胞的胞质中表达;8月,雌二醇及受体在精原细胞的胞质中和变态后的精子头部有弱表达;9-11月,两者均在精原细胞的胞质中及精子头部有较强表达。说明雌二醇及其受体存在于整个精巢周期中,二者在生精细胞中的强弱变化基本一致,其变化规律与精子发育周期密切相关;雌激素受体多存在于生精细胞的胞质中,雌激素可能以非基因组效应调控细胞的增殖,并与精子的发育成熟密切相关。     

发情间期注射PMSG对猪卵泡发育及颗粒细胞凋亡影响的研究

为探讨孕马血清促性腺激素 (PMSG)对猪卵泡发育和闭锁及颗粒细胞凋亡的影响 ,实验采用性成熟肥育母猪为实验材料 ,对在情期第 11d(发情当日为 0 d)注射 PMSG后 2 4 ,4 8,72和 96 h的猪卵巢表面各类卵泡数量、颗粒细胞凋亡比例以及外周血浆中类固醇激素浓度等进行了研究。结果表明 ,注射 PMSG后 2 4 h卵巢表面卵泡总数、小卵泡 (直径 <3mm)数和中等卵泡 (直径 3～ 5 m m)数分别为 :5 9,32和 2 5 .5个 /卵巢 ,明显多于同期对照组 (情期第 12 d)猪的数量 ;注射 PMSG72和 96 h卵巢表面大卵泡 (直径≥ 5 m m)数量分别为 7和 6个 /卵巢 ,明显多于对照组 (情期第 14和第 15 d) ,而此时卵汇总数却明显低于对照组。大卵泡颗粒细胞的凋亡比例在注射 PMSG后与对照组相比无显著差异 ,而小卵泡和中等卵泡的颗粒细胞的凋亡比例在注射 PMSG后 2 4 h(6 .4 %和 7.8% )显著 (P<0 .0 5 )降低 ;中等卵泡颗粒细胞凋亡比例到 PMSG后 72 h回升至与对照组无显著差异 ,小卵泡颗粒细胞凋亡比例于 PMSG后 96 h回升至与对照组无显著差异。血清中雌二醇浓度在 PMSG注射后明显升高 ,在 PMSG注射后72 h时达最高值 (72 .3pg· m L- 1 ) ,显著高于对照组 (10 .8pg· m L- 1 )。孕酮的浓度在 PMSG注射后无明显变化。以上结果表明 ,在体内条     

雌激素对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖及细胞周期变化规律的影响

目的 研究雌激素对乳腺上皮细胞增殖及细胞生长周期变化规律的影响。方法 选取扩增生长状态良好的乳腺上皮细胞,添加0、50、100、200 μmol/L雌激素孵育乳腺上皮细胞后,分别在0、12、24、48、72 h后检测各组细胞增殖及细胞周期。结果 培养12 h时,50 μmoL/L雌激素组的OD值显著高于对照组及100 μmoL/L雌激素组(P＜0.05),且极显著高于200 μmoL/L雌激素添加组(P＜0.01);培养至12 h时,对照组及添加50 μmoL/L雌激素组其G1期极显著高于其他两组(P＜0.01),对照组S期极显著高于其他各组(P＜0.01),添加100 μmoL/L雌激素组其G2期极显著高于其他各组(P＜0.01)。结论 添加雌激素可以促进乳腺上皮细胞的增殖,且50 μmoL/L、12 h时雌激素促进乳腺上皮细胞的增殖效果最好。添加雌激素不影响乳腺上皮细胞在各时期时细胞生长的基本规律,各雌激素添加组在12 h时的细胞周期由G1、S期向G2期转化较快。     

Estrogen-receptor interaction

The interaction of estradiol with uterine cells involves the association of the hormone with an extranuclear receptor protein, followed by temperature dependent translocation of the resulting complex to the nucleus. During this process, the steroid binding unit of the protein undergoes an alteration, called "receptor transformation," that can be recognized by an increase in its sedimentation rate from 3.8S to 5.2S, and by its acquisition of the ability to bind to isolated uterine nuclei and to alleviate a tissue specific deficiency in the RNA synthesizing capacity of such nuclei. Receptor transformation can be effected in the absence of nuclei by warming uterine cytosol with estradiol. This preparation of transformed complex resembles that extracted from nuclei both in its sedimentation rate (5.3S) and in its ability to bind to uterine nuclei and augment RNA synthesis, properties that are not shown by the native complex. It is proposed that receptor transformation is an important step in estrogen action and that a principal role of the hormone is to induce conversion of the receptor protein to a biochemically functional form.     

Ontogeny of the estrogen receptor during early uterine development

The number of estrogen binding sites in uterine cytoplasm on a per cell basis reaches a maximum by day 10 of life in both intact and castrate female rats. After this peak is reached, the number of binding sites per cell decreases, and the ratio remains constant until days 22 to 23 of life. Thus, the ontogeny of the estrogen binding protein is not dependent upon estrogen from the ovary and is probably an autonomous property of uterine cells. Sedimentation values and dissociation constants of the protein when the animals are 5 to 10 days of age are similar to those of the 22-day-old animal, indicating that the same protein is present throughout postnatal development.     

沂蒙黑山羊子宫中FSHR和LHR基因在发情周期内的表达规律

为了探讨低繁山羊子宫中FSHR基因和LHR基因的表达变化规律,本研究从沂蒙黑山羊子宫中提取总RNA,使用相同的RT-QPCR方法,分别对处于发情周期不同阶段沂蒙黑山羊子宫各段中FSHR基因和LHR基因在mRNA水平上进行定量分析.结果显示:FSHRmRNA和LHRmRNA在整个发情周期的子宫各段中都有表达.FSHRmRNA的整体表达量水平均高于LHRmRNA的表达量;FSHRmRNA在子宫角发情后期表达量最高,渐低至发情前期最低;子宫肉阜在间情期表达量最高,至发情前期最低,四时期之间差异不显著(P＞0.05);子宫颈在发情期表达量最高,间情期表达量最低,与其它时期差异显著(P＜0.05).LHRmRNA在子宫角、子宫肉阜、子宫颈均在间情期表达量最高,且与其它三个时期差异显著(P＜0.05).两基因在子宫体的表达量较低且规律不明显.     

Estradiol: specific binding by pituitary nuclear fraction in vitro

The nuclear fraction of a homogenate of anterior pituitary has a marked binding affinity for estradiol but not for other hormonal steroids. Characteristics of the uptake of estradiol by pituitary nuclear fraction are like those reported for the uterus. Study in vitro will be useful in elucidating how direct estrogen feedback control of anterior pituitary function is mediated.     

荆豆凝集素-1受体在犬子宫内的分布与激素调节

采用组织化学方法对荆豆凝集素-1(ulex europaeus agglutinin-1,UEA-1)受体在发情周期和早期妊娠犬子宫内的分布以及激素调节进行了研究。结果显示,UEA-1受体主要存在于犬子宫内膜腔上皮和腺上皮,其表达量随妊娠阶段的不同而发生动态性变化。UEA-1受体在休情期犬子宫内未见表达,而在发情期犬子宫内膜腔上皮和腺上皮内的表达量很高。在早期妊娠犬子宫内,在妊娠第6天和12天犬子宫内的表达量较低,此后其表达量逐渐增加,在妊娠第17天时,UEA-1受体在子宫内膜腔上皮和腺上皮内的表达量达到峰值,此后其表达量又逐渐下降,在妊娠第23天时未见表达。注射雌激素可明显促进卵巢切除后犬子宫内膜UEA-1受体的表达。结果表明,犬子宫内UEA-1受体的分布与胚胎着床前胚胎与子宫内膜之间的黏附和植入有关,UEA-1受体在犬子宫内的表达受母体分泌的激素所调控。     

Regulation of carcinogen metabolism in the rat ovary by the estrous cycle and gonadotropin

The activity of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene hydroxylase in the rat ovary is several times higher in the proestrous phase of the estrous cycle than in the estrous and metestrous plus diestrous phases. Administration of gonadotropin leads to a similar increase in the capacity of the ovary to metabolize xenobiotics. This variation in the activity of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene hydroxylase during the estrous cycle may be related to the marked changes in the incidence of ovarian cancer during menopause and in women taking contraceptive pills.     

Ghrelin在绵羊黄体形成过程中的表达

黄体作为卵巢上主要功能单位之一,对维持哺乳动物正常生殖的作用至关重要,而Ghrelin在调节能量平衡等多种生物学功能的积极作用,促使我们探讨Ghrelin在绵羊有腔和成熟卵泡内壁层颗粒细胞形成黄体后的表达情况,结果表明发情期黄体细胞的免疫活性远强于其前身壁颗粒细胞,而且Ghrelin mRNA相对表达量也显著高于其前身壁颗粒细胞.Ghrelin免疫活性和mRNA水平的黄体形成前后的显著变化间接的表明这一新型分子对于黄体功能变化具有潜在调控作用.     

Evidence of estrogen receptors in normal human osteoblast-like cells

In seven strains of cultured normal human osteoblast-like cells, a mean of 1615 molecules of tritium-labeled 17 beta-estradiol per cell nucleus could be bound to specific nuclear sites. The nuclear binding of the labeled steroid was temperature-dependent, steroid-specific, saturable, and cell type-specific. These are characteristics of biologically active estrogen receptors. Pretreatment with 10 nanomolar estradiol in vitro increased the specific nuclear binding of progesterone in four of six cell strains, indicating an induction of functional progesterone receptors. RNA blot analysis demonstrated the presence of messenger RNA for the human estrogen receptor. The data suggest that estrogen acts directly on human bone cells through a classical estrogen receptor-mediated mechanism.     

Sulfhydryl groups and estradiol-receptor interaction

The characteristic ability of rat uteri to take up tritiated estradiol in vitro or to retain estradiol previously incorporated either in vivo or in vitro is destroyed by treating the tissue with various sulfhydryl-blocking reagents. The two radioactive estradiol-receptor complexes, observed in uterine homogenates in the supernatant fraction and in an extract of the nuclear fraction, respectively, are disrupted by brief exposure to organic mercurials in the cold. Sulfhydryl groups of uterine receptor substances apparently play a vital role in estradiol binding, perhaps indirectly through contribution to receptor conformation.