我国部分地区牛羊弓形虫血清流行病学调查

为了解我国牛羊弓形虫病流行情况,应用间接血凝试验（IHA）对河南、山东、山西、内蒙古、云南、贵州6省区151份牛血清、50份奶样、490份羊血清进行了弓形虫病血清流行病学调查。结果显示：151份被检牛血清和50份牛奶样品,弓形虫抗体均为阴性。490份羊血清弓形虫抗体总阳性率5.71％,其中母羊、公羊血清阳性率分别为4.03％和9.79％;山羊、绵羊、杂交羊血清阳性率分别为6.58％、4.81％和5.13％;阳性率最高的为公山羊（13.2％）,最低的为母绵羊（2.96％）。28份阳性羊血清中,75％的抗体滴度为1：64,25％的抗体滴度为1：256。1岁后的羊,随年龄增长,血清阳性率升高。     

海南省猪场弓形虫病血清流行病学调查

对采自海南省各市县12个猪场285份血清用间接血凝(IHA)试验进行猪弓形虫病抗体检测。结果表明,猪场整体阳性率为39.30%,其中公猪群抗体阳性率为34.21%;母猪群抗体阳性率为64.23%;仔猪群抗体阳性率为21.15%;肥猪群抗体阳性率为0。仔猪群与公猪群抗体阳性率差异不显著;肥猪群与仔猪群、母猪群、公猪群抗体阳性率差异极显著;母猪群与公猪群、仔猪群抗体阳性率差异极显著。各猪场弓形虫病感染率有所差异,抗体阳性率在0～82.35%之间。     

牛新孢子虫病和弓形虫病的流行病学调查

为了调查我国牛新孢子虫和弓形虫的感染情况，应用新孢子虫酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和弓形虫间接血凝试验（IAT）分别检测了来自国内10个省（市、自治区）的262份乳牛、10份肉牛和40份水牛血清。结果显示，乳牛新孢子虫的抗体阳性率为17．2％，弓形虫的抗体阳性率为2．3％，没有检测到既有新抱子虫抗体又有弓形虫抗体的乳牛血清。各牛场所检乳牛血清的新孢子虫抗体阳性率在0～34．4％之间。在水牛和肉牛血清中未检测到新孢子虫抗体和弓形虫抗体。流产乳牛血清的新孢子虫抗体阳性率为20．2％，未流产乳牛为16．1％，其中血清抗体阳性乳牛主要在妊娠中晚期流产。各个年龄段乳牛血清的抗体阳性率差异不显著（P〉0．05）。不同妊娠胎次的乳牛血清抗体阳性率差异不显著（P〉0．05）。确认新孢子虫病在国内大部分牛场存在。     

武汉地区家犬弓形虫病流行病学调查

为调查武汉地区家犬弓形虫感染的流行病学特征,用间接血凝试验方法检测2013年3~12月采集的家犬血清样本共279份。检测结果表明,家犬弓形虫血清抗体阳性样本37份,阳性率为13.4%。家犬弓形虫血清抗体阳性率不同性别变化不明显,雌性13.0%,雄性13.4%;不同季节变化较明显,夏季最高,为14.0%,春季最低,为12.7%;随年龄增长呈上升趋势,3~5岁最高,为21.2%。     

青海省猪弓形虫病血清流行病学调查

<正>了解目前青海省猪弓形虫病的感染状况,为综合防治和净化本病提供科学依据,笔者于2009年11月份对西宁市及周边5个县养猪场,共557份猪血清,用间接血凝试验(IHA)进行了猪弓形虫感染情况的血清学调查,现将结果报道如下。     

青海省海南地区猪弓形虫病血清学调查及分析

为了解青海省海南地区猪弓形虫病的感染情况,采用间接血凝试验对2015年采集的15个规模化猪场及散养的460份猪血清进行了弓形虫病血清学抗体的检测。试验结果表明:待检的460份血清样品,弓形虫抗体阳性52份,阳性率为11.30%。结果表明:规模化养殖和散养两种不同的养殖方式之间感染差异显著(P0.05)。最高的猪场弓形虫阳性率可达28.89%。其中成年猪的感染率为18.6%,高于仔猪和保育猪的4.6%(P0.05)。哺乳母猪感染率最高,可能与成年猪的饮食习惯及接触环境中卵囊机会有关。     

上海浦东地区犬弓形虫病流行情况调查

目的了解上海浦东地区犬弓形虫病流行情况。方法对上海浦东地区城市犬血清样本150份、农村犬血清样本85份和养狗场犬血清8份用间接血凝试验进行了弓形体抗体检测。结果城市犬阳性率为5.3%(8/150),农村犬阳性率为5.9%(5/85),养狗场犬未检出阳性。结论农村犬和城市犬均存在HEV感染,农村犬感染比率略高于城市犬。     

伊川县猪弓形虫病血清学调查与分析

利用间接血凝试验,对河南省伊川县部分规模化猪场的897份血清样品进行了弓形虫抗体检测,以抗体效价≥1：64为阳性判定标准,结果发现,上述被检样品的总阳性率为17．7％（159／897）,母猪、保育仔猪、育肥猪的阳性率分别为27．9％（76／272）、158％（29／183）、12．2％（51／442）。阳性母猪、保育仔猪和育肥猪抗体效价的几何平均数分别为1：229．4、1：89．4、1：169．7。     

上海市宠物门诊犬弓形虫病流行病学调查

为监测自2002年起弓形虫病防控技术实施以来上海市区犬弓形虫病的感染情况,本研究应用弓形虫PAPS快速诊断试剂和/或间接血凝诊断试剂,对2001～2009年间在宠物门诊就诊的共1 335只犬的血清样品进行抗体检测,对疑似病例犬再结合Nested PCR检测、染色镜栓及磺胺药物治疗进行验证.PAPS/IHA结果显示2001～2002年间、2003～2007年间及2008～2009年间犬抗体阳性率分别为11.67%,4.03%、4.51%和3.94%.疑似病例经犬血清学检测、基因检测及病原检测等结果表明上海存在少量感染弓形虫病犬.本次调查表明上海市区仍然存在犬弓形虫感染,但犬弓形虫病防控技术的实施对降低感染起到一定作用.     

青海省互助县牦牛弓形虫病血清学调查

应用IHA方法对青海省互助县7个地区100份牦牛血清进行了弓形虫病血清学调查,以抗体效价≥1:64为阳性判定标准,结果表明互助县7个地区不同程度感染牦牛弓形虫病,平均感染率为12.15%。并且不同性别的牦牛弓形虫阳性率差异不显著(P0.05),说明互助地区的牦牛群中弓形虫病的阳性率与性别无关。     

河南新乡地区猪弓形虫感染与风险因素分析

为了解河南新乡地区猪弓形虫感染的情况及风险因素,用间接血凝法对2011年-2013年采集的猪血样进行检测。采用SPSS13.0统计分析资料,χ~2检验比较年度间及各风险因素的差异。结果显示,新乡地区2011年-2013年猪弓形虫血清阳性率分别为20.9%、34.4%和23.9%,年度间弓形虫血清阳性率差异不显著(P0.05);弓形虫感染的风险因素中,猫出现次数的高低之间、是否接触啮齿类(鼠类)之间、有否与狗接触之间和有无流产史之间差异显著(P0.05)。调查结果表明,河南新乡地区的猪弓形虫感染普遍存在,猫出现的次数、接触啮齿类(鼠类)、接触狗和有流产史等因素对猪感染弓形虫有影响。     

我国西北地区奶牛双芽巴贝斯虫病血清流行病学调查及风险因素分析

本研究旨在调查我国西北部的甘肃省和宁夏回族自治区奶牛双芽巴贝斯虫的感染情况,分析影响其感染的风险因素。本次调查共采集奶牛血清1 657份,通过ELISA试剂盒检测抗体,结果显示总体感染率为8.09%。采用Logistic回归分析,评估奶牛双芽巴贝斯虫感染的风险因素,结果显示奶牛所在的地区是影响奶牛双芽巴贝斯虫感染的重要风险因素(P0.05)。本研究弥补了我国西北地区奶牛双芽巴贝斯虫感染数据的空白,对预防和控制双芽巴贝斯虫感染提供了帮助。     

Infection with Toxoplasma gondii during Pregnancy: Seroepidemiological Studies in Austria

Seropositivity among pregnant woman in Austria has decreased from 48% to 50% at the end of the 1970s to 35% in recent years. Despite this decrease, knowledge of possible sources and risk factors for Toxoplasma infection remains important. We reviewed seroepidemiological studies that were undertaken to assess the roles of undercooked meat and oocysts in cat faeces as potential sources of infection in pregnant women. Improved management and hygiene in pig herds raised in confinement have resulted in less contact of pigs with cats and a decrease of infected pigs within one decade from 14% in 1982 to 0.9% in 1992. In Austrian wild boar populations, however, seroprevalences remained essentially unchanged during the same decade (18% in 1983 and 19% in 1990–1993). Austrian sheep and goats are usually kept on small farms where cats abound and are predominantly seropositive (66% in sheep and 69% in goats). The seroprevalence in cats has decreased from approximately 81% in 1987 to 59% in 1996; presumably because of cats’ increased consumption of processed food. Despite the decrease of infection in pregnant women via the cat‐to‐pig pathway, it may be offset by a recent concomitant increase in mutton consumption. Free‐ranging chickens are a good indicator of the prevalence of T. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens are ground feeders. Antibodies to T. gondii, as evaluated by the modified agglutination test, were found in 36% of chickens from 12 Austrian ‘biofarms’. Because Austrians rarely consume raw pork, the fraction of human T. gondii infections associated with pig meat consumption is likely small. As meat consumption and lifestyle patterns change in Austria, the risk of human infection with T. gondii via different pathways needs re‐evaluation and targeted educational efforts to control transmission.     

屠宰羊弓形虫感染情况调查

为了保障羊肉制品的生物安全,对屠宰羊进行弓形虫感染情况调查以及对羊肉进行弓形虫检测。采用间接血凝试验,对677份屠宰羊的血清进行了弓形虫抗体检测。结果显示,弓形虫抗体阳性有47份,阳性率为6.9%。     

内蒙古部分地区放牧牛羊弓形虫血清学调查

[目的]了解内蒙古部分地区放牧牛羊弓形虫病感染情况。[方法]采用间接血凝试验(IHA)对阿拉善盟及呼伦贝尔市随机采集的286份放牧牛羊血清样本进行弓形虫抗体检测。[结果]绵羊血清弓形虫抗体总阳性率为1.68%,其中,阿拉善盟阳性率为4.84%,呼伦贝尔市阳性率为0.56%;经统计学分析,两个地区的绵羊血清弓形虫抗体阳性率差异不显著(P>0.05);牛血清弓形虫抗体总阳性率为0。[结论]内蒙古主要牧区放牧绵羊存在弓形虫感染,应引起足够的重视,并制定相应的弓形虫病防治措施。     

Antibody Prevalence and Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Women from Multan,Pakistan

Toxoplasma gondii infections are prevalent in humans and warm‐blooded animals. Maternal infections during pregnancy may have devastating consequences for transplacentally infected neonates. This study was conducted to examine the seroprevalence of antibodies to T. gondii in pregnant women of childbearing age and determine risk factors associated with pregnancy history, pet ownership, social and cultural factors at Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Samples were collected from 403 women and examined using a commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall prevalence of antibodies to T. gondii was 17.6% (71) in the 403 samples collected from women. Antibodies to T. gondii were present in 19.4% (45) of 232 pregnant women and 15.2% (26) of the samples from 171 non‐pregnant women. This study identified miscarriage history, pet ownership, type of residence, marital status, source of drinking water and eating habits as significant (P < 0.05) risk factors associated with the presence of antibodies to T. gondii infection. Seroprevalence was not significantly different (P > 0.05) in women from different ethnic groups based upon lifestyle and culture.     

甘肃、宁夏地区奶牛衣原体血清流行病学调查及风险因素分析

本研究旨在查明甘肃与宁夏地区奶牛衣原体的感染情况并分析影响其感染的风险因素。本试验采用间接血凝试验(IHA)方法检测了甘肃榆中(751份)、宁夏青铜峡(450份)和宁夏吴忠(456份)3个地方总计1 657份奶牛血清样品,并应用流行病学调查及统计学方法对影响奶牛衣原体感染的因素进行了分析。流行病学调查结果显示,奶牛衣原体抗体总阳性率为29.33%;应用logistic回归分析评估奶牛衣原体感染的风险因素,结果显示年龄和胎次不是显著风险因素(P>0.05),而地区因素是影响奶牛衣原体感染的风险因素(P<0.05)。奶牛衣原体抗体滴度最高达1:1 024。结果表明,甘肃和宁夏地区奶牛衣原体普遍流行。因此,应当提高对调查地区奶牛衣原体感染的重视,采取适当的综合控制方法和有效的管理措施以防控奶牛衣原体病,以保证奶牛养殖业的经济效益。     

Seroprevalence Investigation and Risk Factors Analysis of Chlamydia Infection in Dairy Cattle in Gansu and Ningxia Areas

The objective of the present investigation was to examine seroprevalence of Chlamydia in dairy cattle in Gansu and Ningxia areas, Northwest China, and to analyze the factors affecting Chlamydia infection in dairy cattle.Indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) was used to detect antibodies against Chlamydia in 1 657 dairy cattle serum samples from Gansu and Ningxia areas.Epidemiological investigation and statistical methods were used to analyze the data.The results showed that the overall seroprevalence was 29.33%, logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the risk factors of Chlamydia infection in dairy cattle, and the results indicated that age and numbers of pregnancy of dairy cattle were not the significant risk factors (P>0.05), and were left out of the final model, however, region was considered as the main risk factor associated with Chlamydia infection (P<0.05).The highest titer was 1:1 024.In conclusion, the results of the present survey indicated the widespread of Chlamydia infection in Gansu and Ningxia areas.In order to ensure the economic benefit of dairy farming, we should pay more attention to Chlamydia infection in dairy cattle, and integrated control strategies and efficient management measures should be implemented to prevent and control Chlamydia infection in dairy cattle.     

张家口坝下地区鸡弓形虫感染情况调查

为了解张家口坝下地区鸡弓形虫的感染情况,采用间接凝集试验(IHAT)对张家口坝下地区的345份散养鸡血清和235份笼养鸡血清进行弓形虫的血清学检测.结果表明,散养鸡阳性率为11.01%(38/345);笼养鸡阳性率为2.13%(5/235),其中,阳性鸡血清杭体滴度分布在1:64的占74.42%(32/43),1:256的占25.58%(11/43).