高效液相色谱法测定天然植物饲料原料中绿原酸含量

本文旨在建立一种高效液相色谱法测定天然植物饲料原料中绿原酸含量的分析方法。样品用甲醇水溶液（1:1,V/V）提取后，滤过，高效液相色谱法测定。色谱柱为岛津InertSustain C18柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm），以乙腈-0.4%醋酸溶液为流动相，梯度洗脱。柱温25℃，流速1.0 mL/min，检测波长330 nm。结果表明：该方法在0.025～0.5 mg/mL内线性良好，R2=0.999 9；该方法具有较好的重复性、准确度和精密度，加样回收率为93.08%～104.86%，相对标准偏差（RSD）小于3.07%，可用于测定天然植物饲料原料中绿原酸含量。     

HPLC同时测定翻黄合剂中芍药苷和盐酸小檗碱含量

为了测定翻黄合剂中芍药苷和盐酸小檗碱的含量。采用中性氧化铝柱对供试品溶液进行处理,使目标峰不被杂质峰干扰。采用YMC-PackProC18色谱柱(250×4.6mm),流动相为乙腈-0.15%磷酸溶液(梯度洗脱),流速为1.0mL/min,柱温为26℃,检测波长为245nm,建立了高效液相色谱测定方法。芍药苷和盐酸小檗碱的进样量分别在0.307~4.920μg(r=0.9996)和0.064~1.025μg(r=0.9998)范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率分别为91.10%(RSD=1.75%,n=6)和92.06%(RSD=1.69%,n=6)。该方法简单、可靠,可以同时检测翻黄合剂中芍药苷和盐酸小檗碱的含量,为翻黄合剂的质量控制提供了依据。     

HPLC法测定根痛平胶囊中芍药苷含量

目的:建立根痛平胶囊中芍药苷的含量测定方法。方法:色谱柱:Inertsil ODS-SP(4.6×250mm,5μm),流动相甲醇:0.1%醋酸(15:85),流速1.0m L·min-1,检测波长:230nm,柱温:30℃。结果:芍药苷在2.02~16.18μg·m L-1呈良好的线性关系y=7543x-14312(r=09998),平均回收率为100.21%,RSD=1.58%结论:本法灵敏、准确、专属性强,重现性好,可作为根痛平胶囊中芍药苷的有效测定方法 。     

HPLC法同时测定芍药甘草汤中芍药苷和芍药内酯苷的含量

本研究旨在建立一种同时测定芍药甘草汤中芍药苷和芍药内酯苷含量的高效液相色谱分析方法.采用C18色谱柱,流动相为0.1％磷酸溶液(A)-乙腈(B)等度洗脱(A∶ B=86∶14,V/V),分析时间仅为13min.芍药苷和芍药内酯苷的线性范围分别为5～200 μg/mL(r=0.9996)、1.25 ～ 50 μg/mL(...     

HPLC法测定黄芩苷-β-环糊精包合物中黄芩苷的含量

建立了用HPLC测定黄芩苷-β-环糊精包合物中黄芩苷含量的方法.色谱柱为CLC-ODS C18柱,以甲醇-水-磷酸(47∶ 53∶ 0.2)为流动相,检测波长280 nm,外标法定量.检测的线性范围为20.0～80.0 μg/mL,回归方程为y=9 753.1 x 1 546, r=0.999 3(n=5),平均加样回收率为99.37%(n=5),RSD为0.67%(n=6).本方法准确、可靠、重现性好,可作为黄芩苷-β-环糊精包合物中黄芩苷的含量测定方法.     

不同加工炮制方法对白芍质量的影响研究

目的:采用HPLC法测定不同白芍炮制品中芍药苷含量,确定含量较高的白芍炮制品。方法:色谱柱:Hypersil C18柱(4.6 mm×200 mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈(pH值3)-磷酸溶液(16∶84);检测波长:UV 230 nm;流速:0.8 m L/min;柱温:28℃。结果:不同加工炮制方法对白芍质量有较大影响,其中生白芍中芍药苷含量较高,硫磺熏制对白芍中芍药苷的含量影响较大。结论:该方法简便,准确可靠,重复性好。     

微生物法测定饲料中烟酸含量

本试验运用婴幼儿食品和乳品中烟酸及烟酰胺的微生物测定方法测定了10种天然饲料原料及8种全价饲料中烟酸的含量。植物乳杆菌ATCC 8014对烟酸具有极高的特异性与灵敏性,通过测定其在含有烟酸的样品中形成的光密度来测定样品中烟酸含量。结果表明:标准曲线在0~50 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999),平均回收率为98.75%,R SD<10%,该法用于饲料中烟酸的测定重现性好、灵敏性高,为天然饲料原料和全价料中烟酸测定的提供参考。     

高效液相色谱法测定温必佳注射液中黄芩苷的含量

采用HPLC法测定复方天然药物-温必佳注射液中黄芩苷的含量.色谱柱ZORBAX SB-C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水-冰醋酸(50∶ 50∶ 1),检测波长274 nm,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30 ℃,保留时间为5.5 min.黄芩苷进样量在0.103 2～2.064 μg范围内,峰面积与进样量之间呈良好的线性关系(R2=0.999 97).平均回收率99.3%,RSD为0.78%.该方法适用于检测中药新制剂--温必佳注射液中黄芩苷的含量.     

饲用植物甘草粗提物HPLC特征图谱的建立

为更好地控制植物粗提物的质量品质,构建饲用植物甘草(Glycyrrhiza)粗提物的特征图谱。采用HPLC-PDA法,以乙腈和0.05%磷酸水为流动相,建立甘草粗提物分析方法,检测34批不同来源甘草粗提物,从而建立甘草粗提物特征图谱。利用聚类分析法,分析不同来源甘草品质的关联性。建立饲用植物甘草粗提物的特征图谱,共确定8个共有峰,确定了色谱峰2、色谱峰3和色谱峰5分别为芹糖甘草苷、甘草苷和甘草酸;聚类分析将34批不同产地的甘草分成4大类。试验建立的不同来源的甘草粗提物特征图谱具有良好的精密度、重复性和稳定性,能够对甘草进行品质评价。     

清脂胶囊质量标准研究

目的:建立清脂胶囊的质量控制方法。方法:对清脂胶囊中白术、白芍、柴胡进行薄层色谱鉴别;采用HPLC法对芍药苷进行含量测定。结果:薄层色谱斑点清晰,阴性对照无干扰;芍药苷进样量在0.104-1.040μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.998 5),平均回收率为98.92%,RSD为0.61%(n=9)。结论:本研究建立的TLC和HPLC法专属性强、准确度高、重复性好,可用于清脂胶囊的质量控制。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein