獐子岛近岸人工鱼礁区浮游动物群落结构特征

为研究獐子岛近岸人工鱼礁区浮游动物群落结构特征,利用2014年6月、10月和2015年6月、10月獐子岛近岸人工鱼礁区4个航次的调查资料,对该礁区浮游动物的物种种类、密度、生物量、多样性指数、与环境因子的关系等方面进行分析。调查结果表明,共发现29种浮游动物(包括6类浮游幼虫),2014年6月16种,2014年10月12种,2015年6月28种,2015年10月24种;优势种9种(包括浮游幼虫4种),拟长腹剑水蚤、中华哲水蚤、桡足类六肢幼体为4个航次共同优势种;浮游动物生物量和密度分布情况基本一致,最高值出现在2015年6月份的站位2,节肢动物门生物量和密度占绝对优势;聚类分析中2014年6月、10月和2015年6月浮游动物群落均分为4个聚类组,2015年10月分为3个聚类组;水温和盐度是影响浮游动物群落关系十分重要的环境因子,与浮游动物密度和生物量呈显著相关关系。     

海州湾前三岛人工鱼礁区浮游植物群落组成及与环境因子的关系

通过2012年9月至2013年8月对海州湾前三岛人工鱼礁及邻近海域浮游植物4个航次的调查,共鉴定出浮游植物3门35属85种,其中硅藻门67种,甲藻门17种,金藻门1种。春、秋季全区浮游植物丰度(分别为16.5×105、13.31×105 cell/m3)明显高于夏、冬季(分别为6×105、3.8×105 cell/m3)。主要优势种有密联角毛藻(Chaetoceros densus)、深环沟角毛藻(Chaetoceros constrictus)、拟旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus)、细弱圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus subtilis)、明璧圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus debilis)、卡氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros castracanei)、旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)、柔弱角毛藻(Chaetoceros debilis)等,其中密联角毛藻为春季的绝对优势种。除春季鱼礁区与对照区浮游植物多样性指数和均匀度指数存在显著性差异外,其他季节的鱼礁区与对照区浮游植物群落参数(浮游植物种类数、细胞丰度、叶绿素a浓度、丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数)均无显著性差异(P0.05),但不同季节间浮游植物群落参数存在显著差异(P0.01)。环境因子在鱼礁区与对照区不存在显著差异(P0.05),但不同季节间存在显著差异(P0.05)。多维尺度和聚类分析表明,浮游植物的群落组成存在明显的季节差异,但区域间无显著差异(P0.05)。人工鱼礁区与对照区相似的浮游植物群落结构可能是由于对照区与鱼礁区相距较近、调查范围小、水较深、采样站位靠近岛屿及人工鱼礁投放时间较短等因素引起的。冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)结果表明,影响浮游植物群落的主要环境因子依次为:温度、Si O3-Si、溶解氧(DO)、PO4-P、生化需氧量(BOD5)、可溶无机氮(DIN)、化学需氧量(COD)和透明度。     

海洋牧场营造设施对浮游动物群落的影响——以象山港为例

选择象山港海域人工鱼礁、海带(Laminaria japonica)与熊本牡蛎(Crassostrea sikamea)浮筏式养殖区等为研究区域,通过分析其与对照区浮游动物群落及栖息环境差异,探究典型海洋牧场营造设施对浮游动物群落的影响方式.结果 表明,人工鱼礁、海带与熊本牡蛎浮筏式养殖区和对照区浮游动物群落结构差异显...     

唐山海洋牧场浮游动物群落结构及生态位

为了解唐山海洋牧场浮游动物群落结构特征及其生态位情况,于2018年12月至2019年9月进行浮游动物的调查研究。结果显示:礁区四个航次共鉴定浮游动物7类,对照区鉴定6类,礁区和对照区浮游动物平均丰度分别为640.38 ind./m~3和450 ind./m~3。礁区和对照区平均生物量分别为4 670.84 mg/m~3和2 790.43 mg/m~3。浮游动物多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数礁区均高于对照区。优势种主要以节肢动物、浮游幼体和刺胞动物为主。浮游动物生态位宽度主要为中生态位种和窄生态位种,生态位重叠水平在不同航次下略有差异,部分生态位宽度较窄的优势种生物重叠程度较高。     

黄河口及其邻近水域浮游动物群落结构特征及其季节变化

根据2013年8月、10月和2014年2月、5月在黄河口及其邻近水域4个航次的调查数据,分析了该海域浮游动物的种类组成、数量变动、优势种、种类多样性及其季节变化。本次黄河口及其邻近水域调查共鉴定浮游动物43种,其中原生动物、毛颚动物、尾索动物和栉水母各1种,刺胞动物8种,浮游甲壳类18种,浮游幼体及鱼卵、仔稚鱼共13种(类)。浮游动物的平均丰度为2115.64 ind/m~3,不计夜光虫的平均丰度为95.93 ind/m~3,其中浮游甲壳类占71.43%。浮游动物丰度存在显著的季节变化,数量高峰出现在春季(5月),其次为冬季(2月)、秋季(10月)和夏季(8月)。毛颚动物强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa)和双刺纺锤水蚤(Acartia bipinnata)、小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)等桡足类为夏、秋、冬三个季节的主要优势种,夜光虫(Noctiluca scintillans)为春季的绝对优势种。浮游动物群落物种丰富度指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener指数(H')和均匀度指数(J')的变化趋势一致,表现为夏秋季高,冬春季低。黄河口及其邻近水域浮游动物的群落结构特征具有明显的季节变化;桡足类和浮游幼体是主要类群,对该水域浮游动物的数量变动及种类多样性的变化具有较大影响。     

大亚湾人工鱼礁区和岛礁区浮游动物群落特征及对仔稚鱼的影响

近岸鱼礁区浮游动物群落特征与渔业潜在资源量密切相关,而浮游动物群落特征又受环境因素影响。为此,依据2015年大亚湾人工鱼礁区(114.540°E~114.609°E,22.545°N~22.585°N)和中央列岛岛礁区(114.614°E~114.669°E,22.562°N~22.639°N)四季渔业生态调查资料,分析了浮游动物群落特征及环境影响,并初步探讨了浮游动物对仔稚鱼的影响。结果显示,2个鱼礁区共鉴定出浮游动物130种。浮游动物组成季节变化明显,分成四大季节性群落。优势种从春、夏季以夜光虫(Noctiluca scintillens)和鸟喙尖头溞(Penilia avirostris)占显著优势到秋、冬季以红纺锤水蚤(Acartia erythraea)和肥胖箭虫(Flaccisagitta enflata)具明显优势。2个鱼礁区浮游动物种丰富度指数、生物多样性阈值、栖息密度和生物量年均值相近,浮游动物数量季节性差异明显。仔稚鱼数量分布受桡足类影响,鱼卵数量分布主要受水动力学因子驱动。浮游动物多样性指数、数量分布、群落结构等特征的时空差异是对季节性水团变化引起温度、盐度和浮游植物分布变动的响应。     

长岛挡浪岛人工鱼礁区生态系统健康评价

本研究从理化环境、生物群落结构和生态系统功能3个层面,运用模糊综合评价法构建了人工鱼礁区生态系统健康评价模型。基于2013~2015年山东长岛挡浪岛人工鱼礁区5个航次调查结果,对挡浪岛人工鱼礁区、辐射区和对照区的生态系统开展健康评价。结果显示,人工鱼礁区及辐射区的生态系统为健康状态,对照区为亚健康状态。三者的生态健康指数为鱼礁区(0.783)>辐射区(0.646)>对照区(0.594)。与未投礁时相比,鱼礁区和辐射区的生态系统均脱离了亚健康状态且逐步提升,但对照区仍处于亚健康状态且发展不稳定。健康评价研究表明,挡浪岛人工鱼礁区生态系统比对照区更稳定,并带动辐射区提高了系统健康水平,表明挡浪岛人工鱼礁建设在生态环境修复和海洋渔业资源养护方面已取得一定效果。     

渤海湾天津海域春季浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

根据2012年5月在渤海湾天津海域的调查数据,分析了浮游动物的物种组成与分布、鱼产力、群落结构和环境因子关系。鉴定出浮游动物28种,其中腔肠动物6种,桡足类9种,毛颚动物1种,糠虾类2种,浮游幼虫6种,其它动物4种。其中桡足类种数最多,其次为腔肠动物的水母类。调查区的浮游动物群落可分为近岸低盐类群、外海高温高盐类群、广盐类群等3个生态类群,且以后两者的种类占绝大多数。主要种类包括中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta)、强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa)、短尾类幼体(Brachyura Larva)、夜光虫(Noctiluca scintillans)。本次调查浮游动物的春季平均生物量(54.95 mg·m-3)与2009年的结果相比,无论从数量还是重量上来讲都有较大幅度的下降,根据生物量估算的浮游动物的鱼产力在4.45 kg·m-3。浮游动物丰度和pH值正相关,分布呈中间高四周低的趋势。叶绿素a的浓度对桡足类分布影响很大,盐度、温度、透明度和深度对浮游动物的分布也有重要的影响。生物多样性指数在1.76~3.21之间。     

海州湾人工鱼礁海域生态环境的变化

根据2003-2004年对海州湾人工鱼礁海域进行4个航次的调查结果，运用对比方法，分析了该海域的水质、底泥和浮游生物等在人工鱼礁投放前后的变化。结果表明，人工鱼礁投放所产生的上升流将沉积于底泥的氮营养盐携带至上层，使得鱼礁区的海水特性由氮限制转变为磷限制；鱼礁区与对照区点的浮游植物组成相似度由投礁前极高的0.963下降到投礁后3个月的0.863和7个月后的0.685，群落结构发生了较大变化；同时，鱼礁区的浮游动物个体增重率明显，达到了对照区的5倍之多，十分有利于渔业资源的增殖，人工鱼礁对于海域生态环境的改善作用得到了确认。     

象山港人工鱼礁区浮游植物群落特征

于2011年7月(投礁前)和2012年7月(投礁后)在象山港人工鱼礁海域进行网采浮游植物调查,采用群落结构特征公式及灰度关联分析方法,探讨了鱼礁区与对照区的浮游植物群落特征以及鱼礁区浮游植物丰度与环境因子关联度的变化。结果显示:投礁前除均匀性指数J'外,对照区浮游植物种类数(4门21属33种)、丰度(56.50×103cells·m-3)及多样性指标(H'=2.85、d Ma=1.02)均比鱼礁区(4门19属30种、40.57×103cells·m-3、H'=2.67、d Ma=0.76)高;投礁后鱼礁区(3门17属27种、275.35×103cells·m-3、H'=1.14、d Ma=0.62、J'=0.34)各指标均较对照区(3门16属23种、234.66×103cells·m-3、H'=1.02、d Ma=0.58、J'=0.29)高,且鱼礁区优势种间的优势度差异较对照区的大;投礁前后鱼礁区各生态因子与浮游植物丰度的关联度不同,投礁前氮营养盐及COD对藻类生长影响较大,投礁后透明度的降低影响了藻类对氮营养盐的吸收,促进了硅酸盐对藻类的影响。综上所述,初步认为象山港人工鱼礁的投放对浮游植物的生长具有一定的积极成效。     

Anguilla huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009, is a junior synonym of Anguilla luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009

Anguilla luzonensis and A. huangi were each described in 2009 using eels obtained from northern Luzon Island. We examined the taxonomic status of these two groups of eels using morphological and molecular genetic characters. There were no significant differences in two vertebrae counts between eels of A. luzonensis and A. huangi. Mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b genes sequences were obtained and compared among 28 specimens of A. luzonensis, the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi, and one specimen of the other 15 anguillid species. The specimens of A. luzonensis exhibited almost identical sequences, including the holotype, with only a few site differences, and the genetic difference between the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi was within the range of differences of specimens of A. luzonensis. The other anguillid species were genetically very different from A. luzonensis and A. huangi, although A. interioris is a closely related species. It is clear that A. luzonensis and A. huangi are the same species, and according to the principle of priority in zoological nomenclature, A. luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009 is the valid species name, and A. huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009 is a junior synonym of A. luzonensis.     

Atlantic Fisheries Technological Conference,Moncton, NB,August 21, 1995

No abstract available for this article.     

Age,growth, maturity and the overfishing of the iconic sciaenid,Argyrosomus japonicus,in south-eastern,Australia

Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) occur in estuarine and coastal waters surrounding Australia, Africa, India, Pakistan, China, Korea and Japan, where they are important in fisheries. This study identified that mulloway in south-eastern Australia had similar growth rates, but matured at smaller lengths and younger ages, to those in South Africa and Western Australia. Growth of both sexes was similar to about 5 years, after which females grew faster and attained a greater maximum length than males. Female mulloway matured at 4–5 years of age with a L₅₀ of 68 cm, whereas males matured at 2–3 years of age with a L₅₀ of 51 cm. The commercial fishery in New South Wales was characterised by declining catches and a reduction in the proportion of mulloway of mature lengths in landings. During 2002–2005 commercial landings were dominated (83%) by fish within 15 cm of the current minimum legal total length of 45 cm and aged 2 and 3 years (>80%), even though mulloway can attain lengths of 200 cm and live >30 years. Estimates of the rates of instantaneous total mortality ranged between 0.34 and 0.45, whilst the rate of instantaneous natural mortality (M) was estimated to be approximately 0.12. Yield-per-recruit analyses indicated that mulloway in New South Wales are being growth overfished and substantial increases in yield could be achieved by increasing the length at first harvest. Values of the spawning potential ratio were below 0.2 under a range of mortality estimates, suggesting that mulloway are at risk of recruitment overfishing. These results suggest that the spawning stock of mulloway in south-eastern Australia has been depleted and that remedial management action is required to protect this iconic species.     

Effects of Mosquitofish,Gambusia affinis,on Channel Catfish,Ictalurus puncatatus,Production Ponds

Mosquitofish, Gambusia sp., have been spread throughout the world to biologically control mosquitoes. However, the fish has gained a reputation as an invasive species and has been implicated in displacing native aquatic species. Gambusia affinis are native to the southeastern United States and commonly occur in commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, production ponds. We investigated effects of mosquitofish presence on zooplankton populations, water quality, disease occurrence, and fish production in experimental ponds. There were no differences between ponds with or without mosquitofish in numbers of calanoid copepods, cyclopoid copepods, total copepods, Bosmina sp., Ceriodaphnia sp., Moina sp., Daphnia sp., or total cladocerans. There were also no differences in copepod and cladoceran sizes. Copepod nauplii were more numerous during the summer months in ponds with mosquitofish. There were no differences in water quality variables (soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH) or phytoplankton density between ponds stocked with and without mosquitofish. Catfish production and disease occurrence were also similar between ponds with and without mosquitofish. Although mosquitofish may cause problems when stocked outside their native range, there does not appear to be any adverse effects of mosquitofish presence in catfish production ponds.     

Surface disinfection of Pacific threadfin, Polydactylus sexfilis, and amberjack, Seriola rivoliana, eggs

The effects of exposing the eggs of Pacific threadfin and amberjack eggs (AEs) to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide for 5 min on hatch rate and survival were assessed in a series of experiments using a petri dish model rearing system. Despite significant inter‐batch variation in hatch rate, it was shown that eggs of both species could be safely exposed to up to 11 340 mg L⁻¹ H₂O₂ for 5 min. Exposure to 34 230 mg L⁻¹ H₂O₂ for 5 min was shown to be lethal to AEs at a late stage of development. In two further experiments, it was demonstrated that Pacific threadfin eggs were resistant to all tested concentrations of a range of polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVP‐I) concentrations and contact times (up to 1000 mg L⁻¹ PVP‐I for 10 min). The level of bacteria adhering to the eggs of both species was highly variable. Where eggs were heavily colonized (>10⁴ cfu egg⁻¹), hydrogen peroxide concentrations of at least 11 340 mg L⁻¹, or PVP‐I concentrations higher than 500 mg L⁻¹ for 10 min, were required for effective sterilization. In less colonized batches, rinsing in sterile seawater or exposure to lower (550 mg L⁻¹) concentrations of H₂O₂ was sufficient to result in high apparent levels of surface sterility (<1 cfu egg⁻¹).     

Compositional differences,antioxidant activity,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition,and sensory characteristics of kamaboko fermented in wheat,rice, brown rice,and soybean koji

Fisheries Science - Fermentation of kamaboko in koji with wheat (KW), rice (KR), brown rice (KB), or soybean (KS) was performed by simulation of tofuyo processing. Moisture and protein content...     

Sperm Motilities in Waigieu Seaperch,Psammoperca waigiensis: Effects of Various Dilutions,pH, Temperature,Osmolality, and Cations

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of varying dilutions, pH, temperature, osmolality, and cations on sperm motility parameters in waigieu seaperch, Psammoperca waigiensis. The maximum velocity of average in path (VAP), percentage of motile cells (MOT), and duration of sperm motility (DSM) were observed when semen was diluted in artificial seawater (ASW) at a ratio of 1:100 (144.9 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 95.6 ± 0.4%, and 230.3 ± 2.3 sec, respectively), at 30 C (142.0 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 93.6 ± 0.4%, and 238.3 ± 0.9 sec, respectively), and pH 8 (144.8 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 93.3 ± 0.4%, and 234.0 ± 1.5 sec, respectively). Maximum VAP, MOT, and DSM were obtained in each solution containing 0.6 M NaCl (143.8 ± 1.0 µm/sec, 91.3 ± 2.0%, and 230.6 ± 4.2 sec, respectively), 0.6 M KCl (135.1 ± 3.1 µm/sec, 91.1 ± 3.1%, and 230.3 ± 3.7sec, respectively), 0.2M CaCl₂ (105.3 ± 4.7μm/sec, 47.9 ± 2.7%, and 120.7 ± 1.3 sec, respectively), 0.2 M MgCl₂ (107.3 ± 3.0 m/s, 42.1 ± 3.3%, and 120.3 ± 4.8 sec, respectively), and osmolality of 400 mOsm/kg (145.1 ± 2.5 µm/sec, 93.0 ± 2.1%, and 346.5 ± 4.4s, respectively). We used these mediums as artificial insemination media for fertilizing matured eggs. The results showed that the fertilization and hatching rates in 0.6 M NaCl (75.3 ± 0.6% and 57.0 ± 2.4%, respectively), ASW (70.8 ± 1.2% and 51.2 ± 1.8%, respectively), or 400 mOsm/kg (72.9 ± 1.8% and 55.3 ± 1.6%, respectively) were higher than that in seawater (63.9 ± 1.2% and 39.2 ± 3.9%, respectively). In conclusion, using 0.6 M NaCl, ASW, or 400 mOsm/kg as an artificial insemination medium is effective for fertilizing of waigieu seaperch.     

Operating parameters affecting biofloc technology: carbon source,carbon/nitrogen ratio,feeding regime,stocking density,salinity, aeration,and microbial community manipulation

Aquaculture International - The world population continues to increase day by day. Therefore, aquaculture needs to grow in order to response the need for protein foods and to cope with the problem...