一例地方黑母猪难产诊治体会

母猪分娩是正常的生理现象,母猪难产是指母猪在分娩过程中,由于产力不足、产道狭窄及胎儿异常等各种因素的影响,无法自行生产,胎儿不能顺利产出体外的疾病.母猪难产容易引发胎儿窒息死亡,分娩后由于生殖器官受到损伤,身体难以及时恢复,也容易发生子宫内膜炎等疾病,造成母猪生产和繁殖性能下降,而发生严重难产情况,甚至造成母猪和仔猪全...     

母猪难产的防治技术要点

母猪难产是指在分娩过程中,由于产力、产道及胎儿异常的影响,胎儿不能顺利地通过产道产出体外。发生难产轻则胎儿窒息死亡,重则危及母猪生命。难产的发生,取决于产力、产道及胎儿3个因素中的一个或多个。主要见于初产母猪、老龄母猪。     

母猪难产救治

难产是母猪在分娩过程中,胎儿不能顺利地产出。难产不仅可造成胎儿死亡,而且引起母猪的生命危险。     

剖腹产在母猪难产过程中的应用

母猪在分娩过程中,多种原因致使胎儿不能被顺利产出.此时,若处置不当,易造成胎儿或母体的死亡. 1 母猪难产的原因 分娩受产力、产道和胎儿3个因素所影响,其中一个因素异常,都可引起难产. 1.1产力异常 由于母体营养不良、疾病、疲劳及分娩时外界因素的干扰等,使孕畜产力减弱或不足.     

浅谈能繁母猪难产的原因与应对措施

在母猪难产的原因中,由于怀孕母猪缺乏运动或饲养管理不当造成母猪过于肥胖或消瘦,不同程度地造成部分母猪难产,引起胎儿死亡或母猪死亡、淘汰,给养猪场造成很大的损失。 难产的症状母猪正常的分娩时间约为2~5h,如果分娩时间超过5个h就可定为难产。常常表现为强烈努责,但不见胎儿产出或产出几个仔猪后轻微努责或不再努责,长时间爬卧。     

“猪性化”分娩呵护

分娩障碍,在猪场很常见。高温季节甚至超过50%!多数猪场处置不当,已成为母猪生产性能低下的一个重要原因。明确概念,才能处置得当。概念不清,处置不当,是当今规模猪场母猪子宫炎症、母猪死亡、死胎增加、新生仔猪活力降低的主要原因。1明确概念1.1分娩异常通常临床难产,不是真正意义上的难产,应该叫分娩异常或分娩障碍或分娩困难,此文暂且称为＂分娩异常＂（图1）。     

母猪分娩前后的管理要点

分娩是养猪生产中最繁忙的阶段.通常情况下,怀孕母猪分娩是比较顺利的,出现难产的情况很少见.尽管如此,为减少初生仔猪腹泻等疾病的发生,保证其健康发育生长,饲养管理人员应注意母猪分娩前后的管理.     

“猪性化”分娩呵护

分娩障碍,在猪场很常见。高温季节甚至超过50%!多数猪场处置不当,已成为母猪生产性能低下的一个重要原因。明确概念,才能处置得当。概念不清,处置不当,是当今规模猪场母猪子宫炎症、母猪死亡、死胎增加、新生仔猪活力降低的主要原因。1明确概念1.1分娩异常通常临床难产,不是真正意义上的难产,应该叫分娩异常或分娩障碍或分娩困难,此文暂且称为"分娩异常"(图1)。因为分娩异常包括"滞产"和真正     

工厂化猪场生产母猪难产的诊治

母猪难产是工厂化养猪场常见疾病，因为采取限位栏饲养，母猪分娩时发生难产的比例高。笔者在本市郊区某瘦肉型养猪场接触过多个病例，在治疗母猪难产方面得出一些体会，总结如下：     

母猪难产的原因及救治

难产是指母猪在进入分娩时期后,不能顺利地将胎儿产出而表现出来的疾病。目前由于养猪业的发展,母猪饲养量的增多,猪场出现难产的概率增加,难产使母猪产道受损、子宫内膜炎、无乳等疾病增加,提高母猪的淘汰率,重者使母猪产生死亡,造成严重的经济损失。母猪难产一般可分为母猪方面、胎儿方面的原因及营养、环境等其他原因。常见的难产原因现象有如下几种。     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量的不确定度评估

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量,对标准溶液、体积、质谱峰面积、浓缩过程及回收率等测定不确定度因素进行了分析,通过评定各不确定度分量及标准不确定度,得出11种β-受体激动剂的扩展不确定度在0.7 ～ 1.1 ng/mL范围内.由各因素对合成不确定度的贡献比分析可知,影响较大的因素为试验回收率及标准溶液浓度.     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.