弯囊苔草对Pb2+胁迫的响应及其Pb富集能力

通过水培实验研究不同Pb2+浓度(0,250,500,1 000,1 500,2 000μmol/L)下和不同时间(1,5,9,13,17d)Pb2+对弯囊苔草生长、生理指标及富集能力的影响。结果表明:(1)株高、最长根长、新增根数、新分蘖数、鲜重和地上与地下部分的干重比均随着Pb2+浓度增大明显下降。(2)3种抗氧化酶活性均随着胁迫时间延长呈现先上升后下降的趋势。随着Pb2+胁迫浓度增加,CAT和POD活性显著升高,SOD活性呈现先上升后下降的趋势。(3)MDA含量、Pro含量和质膜透性均随着Pb2+处理浓度的增加和胁迫时间延长而显著增加。(4)叶绿素含量在胁迫初期时明显增加,胁迫时间长时含量显著下降。(5)弯囊苔草体内Pb含量随Pb2+浓度增大而增加,根系对Pb的富集能力明显高于地上部分。根系对Pb的平均滞留率为84.62%,弯囊苔草对Pb的转移系数小于1。因此,研究表明弯囊苔草对Pb胁迫有一定的耐受性和适应性。     

Cd~(2+)胁迫对西瓜幼苗光合生理及活性氧代谢的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了土壤中Cd2+对西瓜(Citrullus vulgaris)幼苗光合特性及活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明:Cd2+降低了小型西瓜叶绿素总含量,改变了叶绿素a/b的值,其叶绿素总含量与土壤中Cd2+浓度极显著(P0.01)负相关;减弱了西瓜幼苗的净光合速率(Pn),降低了胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)。西瓜叶片中超氧阴离子自由基(·O2-)产生速率、过氧化氢(H2O2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量随着土壤中Cd2+浓度的升高而增加,且H2O2和MDA含量与Cd2+浓度极显著(P0.01)正相关。在Cd2+胁迫下,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性变化显著,其活性与H2O2含量、MDA含量极显著(P0.01)负相关。Cd2+胁迫引起叶绿素等光合相关生理因子降低,是导致西瓜幼苗净光合速率降低的直接原因;活性氧代谢失调,脂膜过氧化加重是导致其净光合速率降低的另一重要原因。     

铅胁迫对芦竹抗氧化酶活性的影响

研究了在不同浓度Pb2+胁迫下,芦竹(Arund donax Linn.)体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)3种抗氧化酶活性随时间的变化情况。结果显示,芦竹遭受Pb2+胁迫初期,3种酶活性较对照值有明显增高;随着污染浓度加大和时间延长,3种酶活性又出现下降,降低程度与受污染浓度和时间有关。Pb2+胁迫初期,芦竹幼苗体内的抗氧化能力增强,表现出对抗氧化酶的激活效应,但随着植物生长,Pb2+在植物体内迁移,其叶片内抗氧化能力降低,表现出对抗氧化酶的抑制效应。抗氧化酶活性产生的效应强弱及维持期长短与Pb2+胁迫浓度有关,胁迫初期一般是Pb2+浓度高,抗氧化酶活性升高明显;胁迫后期Pb2+浓度低,活性维持期长。Pb2+胁迫对过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶的影响没有超氧化物歧化酶的影响显著,但3种酶活性的变化趋势基本一致。     

新型TSADA的合成及其土壤重金属污染修复行为

为提高茶皂素(TS)修复土壤重金属离子的能力,经水提-沉淀法从茶籽饼提取茶皂素,以其为原料设计合成新型绿色茶皂素基螯合剂(茶皂素-1-酰胺二乙烯三胺,TSADA),用FT - IR研究TSADA的结构,并对其表面性能进行研究.结果表明,其临界胶束浓度低于茶皂素,而亲水亲油平衡值、起泡力及稳泡性均优于茶皂素.同时考察了振荡时间、螯合剂浓度、pH值及离子强度对螯合剂去除污染土壤重金属率的影响,发现,TSADA去除重金属率随振荡时间、浓度的增加而升高,随pH值和离子强度的增加而降低.螯合剂去除Pb2+、Cd2+离子的最佳工艺为:振荡时间为12h,质量分数为7％,pH值为5.0,Ca(NO3)2浓度为10 mmol/L.此条件下2种螯合剂对土壤中Pb2+、Cd2+离子去除率均达最大,TSADA对Pb2+和Cd2+离子去除率均优于茶皂素;TSADA对Pb2+和Cd2+离子的最大去除率分别为67.3％和99.9％.     

白菜对铈、铅胁迫响应的比较研究

比较研究了稀土元素—铈(Ce3+)和重金属元素—铅(Pb2+)对白菜种子萌发和幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明:Ce3+和Pb2+在低浓度范围内均能促进白菜植株的生长,刺激叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质的合成,提高过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性;在浓度高于20mg/L时,2种元素对白菜幼苗的生长发育都有较强的毒害作用,均能破坏保护酶防御系统的平衡,造成叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量下降,引起有害物质丙二醛(MDA)的积累。在较高浓度(20～100mg/L)范围内,Ce3+表现出比Pb2+更强的毒性。由此可见,稀土元素Ce3+与重金属元素Pb2+毒害机制相似。这提示应该严格控制稀土元素的使用和排放,尽量避免其带来与重金属相似的灾害。     

Ni、Pb、Cd复合胁迫对匍灯藓生理特性的影响

以匍灯藓(Plagiomnium cuspidatum (Hedw.)T.Kop.)为材料,通过土培法探究Ni、Pb、Cd胁迫对苔藓光合系统、抗氧化系统的影响.结果表明:(1)随着处理重金属浓度的增加,匍灯藓叶绿素含量显著性下降(p＜0.05),并且苔藓对Ni+Pb和Pb+Cd处理更为敏感.(2)在不同重金属处理下,AsA含量的增加趋势是Ni+ Pb＞Ni＞Ni+ Pb+Cd＞Cd+ Ni＞ Pb＞ Pb+ Cd＞Cd.(3)Ni、Pb、Cd单种元素处理和Ni+Pb处理的苔藓SOD活性,在低浓度下升高,在高浓度下降低;其余处理方式下SOD活性呈下降趋势,下降速率较快的是Ni+Pb+Cd和Cd+ Ni处理.POD和CAT活性均随着胁迫浓度的增加而下降;当处理方式为Ni+Pb+Cd且浓度为160 mmol/L时,POD活性最低,比对照组下降了98.39％;CAT活性在Ni+Pb处理时下降速率最快.PPO活性仅在Ni+Pb+Cd处理时出现高浓度抑制现象;其余相对于对照组都增加,而且2种元素处理的增加量明显大于单种元素处理.匍灯藓的抗氧化体系中对Ni、Pb、Cd复合处理的抵抗起关键作用的是AsA和PPO,可作为藓类植物受Ni、Pb、Cd复合胁迫的敏感生理指标.     

外源硒对镉胁迫下绿豆幼苗生理特性的影响

采用水培试验方法研究不同浓度Se4+(0.8,1.6,2.4,3.2,4.0mg/L)对Cd2+(10,20mg/L)胁迫下绿豆幼苗超微弱发光及幼苗叶片中叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质和脯氨酸的影响。结果表明,随着胁迫时间延长,不同浓度Se4+对2种浓度Cd2+胁迫下绿豆幼苗的超微弱发光强度均呈现先升高后降低再升高的趋势,0.8,1.6mg/L的Se4+对2种浓度Cd2+胁迫下绿豆幼苗的超微弱发光强度均有促进作用,但是1.6mg/L浓度的Se4+对2种浓度Cd2+的缓解作用最佳。随着Se4+浓度的增加,2种浓度Cd2+胁迫下,绿豆幼苗叶片中叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白质含量均呈现出先增加又减小的趋势,当Se4+浓度低于4.0mg/L时,叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白质含量均高于单一Cd2+胁迫下叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白质含量,且在Se4+浓度为1.6mg/L时达到最大。在10mg/L Cd2+胁迫下,随着Se4+浓度的增加,绿豆幼苗叶片中的脯氨酸含量先增加后减小,当Se4+浓度低于4.0mg/L时,脯氨酸含量高于单一Cd2+胁迫下脯氨酸含量,且Se4+浓度为1.6mg/L时脯氨酸含量达到最大;在20mg/L Cd2+胁迫下,随着Se4+浓度的增加,绿豆幼苗叶片中的脯氨酸含量逐渐降低,当Se4+浓度低于2.4mg/L时,脯氨酸含量高于单一Cd2+胁迫下脯氨酸含量,且Se4+的浓度为0.8mg/L时脯氨酸含量最大。研究表明在试验浓度范围内,Se4+浓度低于2.4mg/L时,对10,20mg/L Cd2+胁迫下的绿豆幼苗的毒害均有缓解作用,且浓度为1.6mg/L时缓解作用最佳。     

Cu2+对黄瓜发芽期发育和生理特性的影响

研究了Cu2+浓度对黄瓜发芽期发育和生理特性的影响。结果显示,低浓度Cu2+(25 mg/L)处理对黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长有促进作用,其种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、根长、下胚轴长、下胚轴粗度、生物量和相对含水量均高于对照及其他浓度处理;而幼苗的质膜相对透性、丙二醛含量、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量及保护酶活性均在此浓度得达最低。但在高浓度Cu2+(Cu2+浓度在50~300mg/L时)处理下,随着Cu2+浓度增加,黄瓜种子萌发的各项指标开始下降,幼苗生长的各项生理指标开始上升,对黄瓜种子发芽和幼苗生长产生抑制作用,并在300mg/L时抑制作用最显著。     

新型茶皂素硫酸钠合成及其修复土壤重金属污染研究

经水提-沉淀法从茶籽饼提取茶皂素,以其为原料设计合成了新型绿色茶皂素基螯合剂(茶皂素硫酸钠)。对其表面性能进行研究发现,其表面张力低于茶皂素,而HLB值、起泡力及稳泡性均优于茶皂素。同时考察了振荡时间、螯合剂浓度、pH及离子强度对螯合剂去除重金属率的影响。结果表明,重金属去除率随振荡时间和浓度增加而升高,随pH、离子强度增加而降低。得出去除Pb2+、Cd2+离子的最佳工艺:振荡时间为12h,质量分数为7%,pH为5.0,Ca(NO3)2浓度为0.01mol/L,此条件下螯合剂对土壤中Pb2+、Cd2+离子去除率最大,茶皂素硫酸钠对Cd2+离子的去除率大于Pb2+离子,且茶皂素硫酸钠对此2种离子的去除率均优于茶皂素,尤其对Pb2+离子去除率改善效果显著。     

Pb2+胁迫下黑麦草对外源有机酸的响应机制

为探讨根系分泌有机酸对植株吸收富集Pb2+的影响,土壤Pb2+含量为500mg/kg的条件下,设计外源有机酸类型为草酸、冰乙酸、丙二酸、酒石酸和苹果酸,其浓度均为1,3,5,6,7mmol/kg。在模拟日光温室中采用盆栽根袋法对黑麦草生长发育指标,根际与非根际土壤理化性质及黑麦草吸收富集效果进行分析。研究得出,外源有机酸能够在一定程度上促进黑麦草地上部分和根系干物质量的增加,黑麦草根系对Pb2+的吸收富集效果大于地上部分,有机酸的加入活化了土壤中的Pb2+,促进了植株对Pb2+的吸收富集。黑麦草根际土壤pH、Eh值和Pb2+残留量均小于非根际。酒石酸、苹果酸和丙二酸既不影响黑麦草植株生长,又可有效增加其对Pb2+的吸收富集,主要是增加地上部分对Pb2+的吸收富集;冰乙酸可显著活化土壤中的Pb2+。     

Water‐stress mitigation by selenium in Trifolium repens L.

This study was designed to examine whether external selenium (Se) may improve the tolerance of Trifolium repens L. to polyethylene glycol (PEG)–induced water deficit, and to determine the physiological mechanisms of the possibly enhanced tolerance. Trifolium repens seedlings were subjected to PEG‐induced water deficit alone or combined with 5 μM Na₂SeO₄ for 24, 48, and 72 h. During the experimental period, the fresh weight (FW) of T. repens seedlings and the relative water content (RWC) of the leaves decreased gradually, and the chlorophyll concentration increased after 24 and 48 h, but decreased after 72 h. The PEG+Se‐treated plants had higher FW, RWC, and chlorophyll concentration than the PEG‐treated plants. Smaller amounts of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) and H₂O₂ accumulated in PEG+Se‐treated plants than in plants treated only with PEG. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased gradually during the water‐deficit period, and Se application promoted SOD activity further. Catalase (CAT) activity remained unchanged after 24 and 48 h and insignificantly increased after 72 h of water deficit, whereas ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) activity increased linearly and glutathione reductase (GR) activity increased slightly over the course of treatment. Whereas the Se application exhibited no effect on the CAT activity, seedlings treated with PEG+Se had higher APOX activity during the whole experimental period and a higher GR activity after 48 and 72 h than PEG‐treated plants. These results suggest that exogenous Se treatment enhanced T. repens tolerance to PEG‐induced water deficit, and this enhancement was related to alleviation of lipid peroxidation and activation of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, APOX, and GR.     

混种少花龙葵嫁接后代对镉胁迫枇杷幼苗光合生理的影响

采用盆栽试验,将4种少花龙葵嫁接后代分别和枇杷(大五星枇杷和川早枇杷)幼苗混种于镉含量为10 mg/kg的污染土壤中,研究了混种对两种植物光合生理的影响。结果表明:混种后,枇杷幼苗相应的叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、叶绿素总量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度及可溶性糖含量均高于单种,叶表面蒸汽压亏缺降低;少花龙葵嫁接后代相应的SPAD值和净光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度均高于单种,其可溶性糖含量较单种有所降低,混种大五星枇杷的少花龙葵嫁接后代的叶表面蒸汽压亏缺高于其单种,但混种少花龙葵嫁接后代的川早枇杷叶表面蒸汽压亏缺低于其单种。因此,少花龙葵嫁接后代混种枇杷可提高两种植物的光合作用,进而可促进两种植物的生长。     

看麦娘叶片对化感小麦根水提液的生理响应

为阐明小麦化感抑草的生理机制,选择强化感小麦‘115/青海麦’、‘92L89’和弱化感小麦‘抗10103’,通过添加浓度为0.2%、0.5%和1.0%的小麦根水提液进行水培试验3周后,测定了各处理看麦娘的鲜重,分析叶片中叶绿素(SPAD值)、可溶蛋白、MDA、类黄酮、总酚的含量以及SOD、POD、CAT活性。结果表明,水提液处理显著抑制了看麦娘的生长,抑制率在不同处理浓度及小麦品种间均存在显著差异,强化感小麦的抑制率显著高于弱化感小麦。在处理浓度范围内,不同小麦根水提液的抑制率大小依次为‘115/青海麦’(24.7%~74.3%)‘92L89’(15.7%~71.6%)‘抗10103’(13.8%~61.4%);0.2%、1.0%和5.0%水提液处理的抑制率大小依次为13.8%~24.7%、41.7%~66.4%和61.4%~74.2%。看麦娘叶绿素含量(SPAD值)随处理浓度增大显著降低,可溶蛋白含量,SOD、POD、CAT活性,MDA、类黄酮含量随处理浓度增大显著升高,强化感小麦对看麦娘的生理刺激作用高于弱化感小麦。1.0%‘115/青海麦’及5.0%各小麦水提液处理的看麦娘总酚含量高于对照。可见,小麦化感胁迫提高了看麦娘的保护酶系统活性,增强了抗氧化物质代谢,但显著增强了细胞膜脂质过氧化和叶绿素降解,不利于靶标植物看麦娘的生长。     

短期NaHCO3胁迫对3种冷季型草坪草生理生态特征的影响

土壤盐渍化严重威胁草坪草的可持续发展,选育和种植耐盐草坪草可改良和利用大面积盐渍土壤。以3种冷季型草坪草黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)、高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea L.)和早熟禾(Poa pratensis L.)为试验材料,采用盆栽法研究不同浓度NaHCO3胁迫(0,0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8%,1.0%)对3种冷季型草坪草生理生态特征的影响。结果表明:不同浓度NaHCO3胁迫下3种冷季型草坪草草坪外观质量、叶片萎蔫系数、叶片相对含水量、叶片叶绿素含量和K+含量均随着NaHCO3浓度的增加而逐渐降低,且浓度越高,下降越明显;0.4%～1.0%NaHCO3胁迫降低了3种冷季型草坪草的地上部分和根系干重,且随着NaHCO3浓度的增加,生长受到胁迫的抑制程度显著增大,根系部分的受抑制程度比地上部分更明显;不同浓度NaHCO3胁迫下3种冷季型草坪草叶片相对电导率、脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量和Na+含量随着NaHCO3胁迫浓度的升高呈上升趋势,且浓度越高上升越明显;NaHCO3浓度0.4%时,3种冷季型草坪草已受到伤害;黑麦草、高羊茅和早熟禾在不同浓度NaHCO3胁迫下的隶属函数平均值均表现为早熟禾黑麦草高羊茅,说明3种冷季型草坪草抗NaHCO3胁迫的能力均为早熟禾强于黑麦草和高羊茅。     

Drought and Salt Stress Mitigation by Seed Priming with KNO3 and Urea in Various Maize Hybrids: An Experimental Approach Based on Enhancing Antioxidant Responses

Priming offers an effective means for counteracting different stresses induced oxidative injury and raising seed performance in many crop species. The present study was carried out to investigate the ability of potassium nitrate (KNO₃) and urea to promote the tolerance of different maize hybrids to drought and salt stresses to identify some biochemical parameters associated with KNO₃ and urea induced resistance in maize seedlings. An experiment was conducted in a controlled environment of the laboratory at the college of agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz Iran, during 2010. The first factor was stress type and intensity at five levels; moderate drought, severe drought, moderate salt, severe salt, and control (without stress). Seed priming was the second factor; water as control, KNO₃, and urea, and maize hybrids, including Maxima, SC704, Zola, and 304 were the third factor. Results indicated that the highest chlorophyll a (Ch a), chlorophyll b (Ch b), total chlorophyll (Ch T) contents, and carotenoids (Car) were found in no stress treatments and the most proline, protein contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities in severe drought treatment. Also, results revealed that generally, drought and salinity stresses decreased the amount of Ch a and the lowest Ch a was recorded for severe salinity stress (4.29 mg g^?1). Stresses caused decrease in Ch b, but the effect of sever salinity level was higher than the others. Priming of KNO₃ had significantly higher proline content than water and urea priming. The SC704 and 304 hybrids showed higher proline content than the other ones. Finally, the maize seed KNO₃ and urea priming lead to high activities of antioxidant defensive enzymes and increase the tolerance level to abiotic stresses such as salt and drought.     

香根草光合特性对水淹-干旱交替胁迫的响应

三峡水库消落带因水位的周期性变化,使其土壤含水量呈干湿交替变化,而大多数原有植物难以适应新的生境,导致生态系统严重破坏。利用盆栽法模拟其水淹条件,以30,60,90和120d为周期进行水淹—干旱交替处理,研究了香根草当年实生幼苗在水淹与干旱交替胁迫下的光合特性及生理生态适应机制。结果表明,不同胁迫周期的水淹—干旱交替胁迫均显著影响香根草幼苗的生长及其光合生理特性。各组幼苗的株高、净光合速率、气孔导度及叶绿素含量等生理生态学指标均随时间变化呈不同幅度的升降变化。而不同组间的各项指标值均随交替周期的增大而减小。但无论何种变化,各处理组最终又都能逐渐恢复或趋于稳定状态,保持较高的存活率。因此,香根草对水淹和干旱均具有良好的耐受力和适应性,可作为三峡库区消落带植被恢复建设的重要植物种类。     

EXOGENOUS CALCIUM ALTERS ACTIVITIES OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES IN TRIFOLIUM REPENS L. LEAVES UNDER PEG-INDUCED WATER DEFICIT

This study was designed to examine whether external calcium (Ca²⁺) would improve the tolerance of Trifolium repens L to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced water deficit, and to determine the physiological mechanisms of Ca²⁺ effect on plant tolerance to water deficit. T. repens seedlings were subjected to PEG-induced water deficit alone or combined with 5 mM calcium chloride (CaCl₂) for 72 h. During PEG-induced water deficit period, leaf relative water content (RWC) decreased gradually, and chlorophyll content increased after 24 and 48 h of water deficit but decreased below the control level after 72 h. The Ca²⁺-treated plants had higher RWC and chlorophyll content than untreated plants. Smaller amounts of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulated in Ca²⁺-treated plants than in untreated plants during the period of water deficit. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased gradually during the experimental period, and external Ca²⁺ treatment further promoted SOD activity under water deficit. The activity of the catalase (CAT) was not influenced after 24 and 48 h of water deficit and insignificantly increased after 72 h, whereas the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) increased linearly and glutathione reductase (GR) activity slightly increased over the course of treatment. Seedlings treated with Ca²⁺ had higher CAT, GR, and APOX activities than untreated plants under water deficit. These results suggested that exogenous Ca²⁺ application enhanced T. repens tolerance to PEG-induced water deficit, and this enhancement was related to alleviation of lipid peroxidation and maintenance of antioxidant activities.     

Water Lettuce Pistia stratiotes L. Response to Lead Toxicity

The effects of one of the most toxic heavy metals, lead (Pb), applied in two different concentrations and combined with chelate application were investigated on the water macrophyte (Pistia stratiotes L.) physiology. The influences were observed by the chlorophyll and free amino acid content determination. Also the lead accumulation in macrophyte biomass was investigated to assess the potential efficiency of this plant for rhizofiltration of highly Pb-polluted water. Na EDTA and Na citrate were used as chelates and Pb(NO₃)₂ as lead supplement. The application of organic chelates simulated conditions of an induced phytoextraction process. Statistical analyses were performed as a one-way ANOVA with a subsequent Tukey HSD test at a level of P < 0.05. Pb contents in both root and leaf tissues gradually increased with increasing Pb concentrations in the nutrient solution. More lead was accumulated in leaves than in roots within all treatments. The total chlorophyll content decreased with increased Pb concentration and with a higher content of chelates. The chelate addition increased the total amino acid content in leaves but decreased the total amino acid content in roots. The addition of lead with chelates decreased the dry biomass weight. However, water macrophyte showed extremely high lead accumulation in biomass in the short term (up to 8 days) and this accumulation potential could be used for relatively fast and effective decrease of high concentration of this risk element in contaminated water or sewage.     

转碱蓬SsNHX1基因烟草的耐盐抗旱性研究

烟草是重要的模式植物和经济作物,盐害和干旱两种环境因子对其生长发育、产量和品质都危害很大。为了提高烟草的耐盐抗旱性,本研究利用农杆菌介导的遗传转化法在烟草中过量表达了碱蓬液泡膜Na~+/H~+逆向转运基因SsNHX1,对转基因烟草的耐盐及抗旱性进行表型鉴定和各项生化指标的检测,以期得到耐盐抗旱表性良好的SsNHX1转基因烟草。表型分析发现,SsNHX1基因过表达株系L1和L5的抗盐能力比野生型显著提高,表现为盐胁迫条件下仍能保持旺盛的生长且根系的伸长未受抑制。SsNHX1过表达株系在叶片和根系中积累了更多的Na~+和K~+,同时Na~+含量增长速率较快,而K~+含量降低速率较缓,并可维持较高的叶片相对含水量和叶绿素含量,及较低的丙二醛含量和相对电导率。干旱胁迫发现,过表达株系受干旱胁迫程度更小,并在复水后迅速恢复正常生长。同时,过表达株系的丙二醛含量和相对电导率显著低于野生型,且维持了较高的叶片相对含水量及叶绿素含量。这些结果说明SsNHX1基因在烟草中过量表达后,降低了盐胁迫和干旱胁迫对烟草根系及细胞膜的损伤,并通过调节离子含量、降低细胞的渗透势,维持了叶片较高的相对含水量和叶绿素含量,最终提高了烟草的抗盐和抗旱性。     

Silicon‐induced cadmium resistance in rice (Oryza sativa)

Silicon (Si)‐induced cadmium (Cd) tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) was investigated by analyzing Cd uptake, growth, and physiological parameters. Silicon treatments (0.0, 0.2, or 0.6 mM) were added to 6 d–old seedlings, and Cd treatments (0.0 or 5.0 μM) were added to 20 d–old seedlings. Parameters determined included: maximum net CO₂ assimilation (A_max), stomatal conductance (g_smax), and transpiration (E_max) rates at varying intercellular CO₂ concentrations (C_i). Also measured were chlorophyll fluorescence, growth, and Cd‐uptake parameters. Results showed a Si‐induced inhibition of Cd uptake. However, 0.2 mM or 0.6 mM Si treatment concentrations did not differentially inhibit Cd uptake or differentially alleviate Cd‐induced growth inhibition, despite a significant increase in tissue Si concentration due to 0.6 mM Si treatment compared to 0.2 mM Si treatment. Additionally, photosynthesis and chlorophyll‐fluorescence analysis showed that treatment with Cd significantly inhibited photosynthetic efficiency. Interestingly, the addition of 0.2 mM Si, more so than the addition of 0.6 mM Si, significantly alleviated the inhibitory effects of Cd toxicity on photosynthesis and chlorophyll‐fluorescence parameters. Our results suggest that 0.2 mM Si could be close to an optimum Si‐dose requirement for the alleviation of toxicity symptoms mediated by moderate (5 μM) Cd exposure.