不同基因源光温敏核不育水稻在不同遗传背景下F2育性变化规律的比较研究

以光敏核不育系农垦58S和安农S-1两个不同的基因源及其衍生的温敏核不育系W6154S,培矮64S,810S,香125S在长日高温条件下分别与农垦58和湘早籼13号杂交,在长日高温条件下对各F2进行单株花粉镜检,比较各不育系在不同遗传背景下的育性变化规律,利用不同的育性划分标准对各不育系育性进行遗传分析,研究遗传背景等因素对F2育性变化规律的影响.结果表明光温敏核不育水稻杂交F2育性分离是很复杂的,其中遗传背景是影响核不育基因表达的重要因素,核不育基因的表达,可能受多个不同调控位点的影响,从而各不育基因在不同的遗传背景下表达的程度不同.     

农垦58S及其衍生的光温敏核不育系育性感光感温性遗传研究

选用农垦58S及其衍生的光敏核不育系为材料,通过人工控光温条件,对杂种F1育性感光感温性、F2育性分离规律研究表明,农垦58S及其衍生的光敏核不育系杂种F1育性感光;与粳型光敏核不育系的杂种(农垦58S/7001S)F2分离的不育株育性大部分感光;而农垦58S衍生的籼型光温敏核不育系(长光S/培矮64S)的杂种F2分离的不育株育性大部分感温,但可以选择到育性感光的单株。表明杂交亲本的遗传背景影响育性的感光温性。     

水稻光温敏核不育系9771S的选育

用安农810S、安农S-1、献党、香125S、培矮64S等多个材料复合杂交,通过自然低温条件和人工低温对育性的增压选择,经过7 a12代的定向培育,于2002年育成不育起点温度低、具有理想株型、优质的早籼型光温敏核不育系9771S,2005年通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

基于全基因组多态性的安农S-1与株1S亲缘关系分析

在两系法杂交水稻育种中,温敏核不育系具有重要作用。常用的温敏核不育系大多来源于TMS5基因编码区第71至72个碱基发生GC→TA或TC→TA的变异。本研究利用全基因组测序手段,结合生物信息学,分析了安农S-1及其衍生系准S,以及株1S及其衍生系华煜4127S在全基因组及tms5功能区域内的多态性,验证了这4个温敏核不育系的亲缘关系。     

优质籼型旱稻光温敏核不育系GHS不育性遗传研究

以光温敏核不育系GHS、安湘S、培矮64S及GHS的突变可育株GHF和15个普通品种为材料,以花粉育性为指标,研究了GHS不育性的遗传规律.结果表明:GHS的不育基因与安湘S、培矮64S的不育基因不等位,GHS是一个新的光温敏核不育材料;GHS的不育性遗传属孢子体不育类型,其不育性由1对隐性基因控制,与细胞质无关.     

温敏核不育基因在籼型三系遗传背景下的育性表达

用3个温敏核不育系培矮64S、6311S和360S与7个籼型质核互作型水稻雄性不育系及相应的保持系、3个恢复系配组,观察了51个组合的F1、19个F2及6个BC1的育性表现。结果表明：培矮64S温敏核不育性状由2对隐性基因控制,具有对质核互作型雄性不育系育性的强恢复基因;6311S温敏核不育性状由1对隐性基因控制,同时具有1对弱恢复基因;360S温敏核不育性状由1对隐性基因控制,但没有恢复基因。进一步利用4个细胞质雄性不育系/6311S组合F2群体中4个温敏核不育株与5个细胞质雄性不育系CMS配组,研究了杂交F1的育性,表明在可育细胞质背景下,三系恢复基因对温敏核不育基因的表达没有影响;在不育细胞质背景下,三系恢复基因是温敏核不育基因表达的关键。由此提出了选育不育细胞质背景的光温敏核不育系和温敏核不育背景的质核互作型不育系的策略。     

选育适合北方气候条件的光温敏核不育水稻的技术探讨

 分别在沈阳设置盆栽人工控制光长试验和连云港进行分期播种试验，研究了农垦58S、培矮64S、衡农-1S和衡农-3S对光温的反应。参试的两用核不育水稻的育性表达对光长核温度的反应不同。一类为高温条件下不育，低温条件下可育；；另一类为高温下可育，低温下不育。北方的低温加大了选育实用型光温敏核不育水稻的难度。提出了辽宁以北地区实用型两用不育系的选育策略核光温临界指标。     

温敏核不育水稻的遗传与稳定性

 以安农S-1、衡农S-1和W6154S为材料，研究了温敏核不育水稻的遗传与稳定性。三个不育系各世代的育性转换特性是稳定的，不受年份、地点的影响；三个不育系的育性基因可能是非等位的，安农S-1、衡农S-1的育性由一对隐性基因控制，W6154S的遗传模式尚难确定；W6154S的群体育性不太整齐，单株、单穗以及颖花之间的育性有所差异，安农S-l和W6154S的育性基因表达受遗传背景的影响，W6154S的后代不育株有育性分离。     

水稻光温敏核不育系异交结实障碍的影响因素分析

以水稻光温敏核不育系培矮64S、W7415S、W6154S、N26S、安农S、农垦58S、7001S和5008S为母本,常规籼型品系8258和U89为父本,分期播种后进行杂交,对影响水稻光温敏不育系异交结实障碍的因素进行了分析。结果显示,水稻光温敏核不育系存在不同程度的遗传异交结实障碍和环境异交结实障碍;环境对不育系异交结实的影响因素主要是环境温度,影响的敏感时期主要是籽粒灌浆充实前期;不同的不育系,环境温度对其异交结实影响作用的敏感时期、敏感期长短、敏感程度和影响程度均有明显差异。     

温敏核不育基因置于不同遗传背景下育性表现变异的遗传初探

采用低温敏核不育系90336S、中温敏核不育系90341S和安农S-1,高温敏核不育系90341S作材料,在自然变温条件下,观察F₂代、回交一代的育性表现,发现90336S和90332S的不育起点温度差异由相互独立的两个显性基因（L1,L2）控制,L1,L2 有降低不育起点温度的作用;安农S-1和90341S的不育起点温度差异是由单个不完全显性基因H造成的,H有提高不育起点温度的作用。     

水稻光温敏雄性不育突变体tms3650的鉴定和基因定位

【目的】雄性不育是水稻杂种优势利用的基础。为进一步解析其调控机制,对一个雄性不育突变体进行了鉴定。【方法】利用⁶⁰Co-γ对籼稻品种93-11进行辐射诱变,从其后代中鉴定到一个雄性不育突变体tms3650。将籼稻明恢63作父本同突变体tms3650杂交构建F₂和F₃群体,采用图位克隆的方法对目的基因进行精细定位。【结果】tms3650突变体其他农艺性状与野生型一致,但花药白绿且瘦小,花粉不能被1%碘-碘化钾溶液染成蓝黑色,穗子包颈,抽穗期延迟。遗传分析表明该突变体表型受一对隐性核基因控制。精细定位结果表明基因位于第3染色体长臂SSR标记RM15927和RM15934之间135.25 kb距离内,且与RM15931标记共分离。陵水冬季南繁鉴定发现,该突变体育性受光温环境影响,说明tms3650突变体的雄性育性在短日低温条件下发生了转育,是一个光温敏雄性不育突变体。【结论】通过将定位位点与已报道的雄性不育基因比较,发现tms3650是一个新的基因位点,暂命名为TMS3650。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.