泥炭覆土搅拌时间对覆土结构及双孢蘑菇产量和质量的影响

为优化双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)覆土技术,以泥炭为覆土材料,研究泥炭覆土搅拌时间对覆土物理结构以及对双孢蘑菇产量和质量的影响。结果证实,随搅拌时间的延长,泥炭覆土充气孔隙度降低,容重增加。充气孔隙度与双孢蘑菇产量高度正相关,但是与双孢蘑菇子实体大小及商品菇率高度负相关;覆土容重与双孢蘑菇产量高度负相关,但是与双孢蘑菇子实体大小及商品菇率高度正相关。搅拌时间较短的覆土(5~20 min),双孢蘑菇总产量较高,且每潮菇产量更均匀,更有利于工厂化生产。搅拌时间较长的覆土(40~120 min),双孢蘑菇子实体较大,但是会降低双孢蘑菇的总产量以及影响每潮菇产量的均匀性。本试验条件下泥炭覆土最适搅拌时间为10 min,双孢蘑菇3潮菇总产量34.5 kg/m~2,商品菇产量27 kg/m~2。研究初步揭示覆土物理结构对双孢蘑菇产量及质量的影响,为优化覆土技术及筛选优质覆土材料提供参考。     

搅拌方式及绿豆蛋白添加量对香肠品质特性的影响

分别制备添加0,2%,4%,6%,8%(与瘦肉的比例)绿豆蛋白的香肠,每组香肠肉馅再分为2组,分别在常压(C_0)和0.1 MPa (S_1)条件下搅拌10 min。比较肉馅的盐溶性蛋白含量和香肠的出品率、色泽及质构等指标。结果表明,真空搅拌可显著提高肉馅盐溶性蛋白的溶出量,并使香肠的出品率和水分含量显著增加、质构特性更好;香肠的出品率和水分含量与绿豆蛋白的添加量呈显著正相关(p<0.05),并且当添加量达到6%时,香肠的硬度、弹性、咀嚼度和回复性即可达到最优。     

Saturation and Parameter Variation Influence Precision of Observer

The authors analyze the influence in vector controlled induction machine caused by parameter variation and main flux saturation affects speed estimation of adaptive state observer. According to simulation of the modified scheme with saturated induction motor model, it is proved that when the vector control scheme operates in field weakening region, the main flux saturation will obviously influence precision of speed observer and bring great error of speed estimation. Thereby, the main flux saturation should be compensated to improve performance of the vector control system.     

一株产低温果胶酶菌株的发酵培养基优化研究

研究了发酵培养基组成对菌株产酶的影响。通过正交试验优化得出菌株产酶的最佳发酵培养基组成为:橘皮粉2.0g,葡萄糖1.5g,蛋白胨0.5g,酵母膏0.5g,CaCl20.1g,SDS0.4g,K2HPO40.2g,KH2PO40.05g,蒸馏水100mL,pH值为5.6。     

离交法提取柠檬酸所用离交柱结构改进及操作参数的优化

通过对单室和双室离交柱吸附柠檬酸运行效果的对比,确定采用双室固定床离交柱,并对其结构进行了改进,同时优化了树脂填装高度和流体流速等。通过测量单室不同高度时树脂膨胀所引起的阻力,得出最佳高径比为2∶1。对比相同树脂高度时的双室和单室树脂膨胀所引起的阻力,说明采用双室可以明显减小树脂膨胀所引起的阻力,下室最佳高径比为2∶1,上室为1.2∶1,最佳流体流速为4倍树脂体积/h,树脂的膨胀率约为10%。     

山西省土壤热扩散率和液态水通量密度研究

为研究山西省土壤热性质的时空分布,对各地区土壤热性质进行比较并讨论不同深度土壤层热性质的差异。利用山西省11个地市气象观测站2009年5—10月的浅层土壤温度资料,采用Gao方法研究山西省土壤热扩散率和液态水通量密度。结果表明：（1）山西省的土壤热扩散率k=0.01×10^-6~5.09×10^-6m2/s和液态水通量密度W=-13.28×10^-6~26.92×10^-6m/s。（2）山西省土壤热扩散率和液态水通量密度在垂直方向上不同性。（3）在0.025m层,大同市的k值和W值都是最小的,而晋城市的k值和W值都是最大的。液态水通量密度的最大值都出现在0.025m层。     

The Biological Effects of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Cells

The biological effects of ELFMES including proliferation and apoptosis of cells as well as the damage of DNA are initially evaluated with the treatment of plant cells and human pulmonary fibroblasts in low frequency magnetic fields with certain intensity and different time intervals in vitro. Cell culture, counting in vitro, fluorescent dyeing analysis and single cell gel electrophoresis are adopted. The results demonstrate that the electromagnetic field with the intensity of 3mT can affect the proliferation and apoptosis of cells significantly.     

高频电磁波水分测量精度影响因素的研究

在25℃±1℃的空调环境下,用含水率约10%的棉花秆为测量对象进行试验分析,对比物料堆放密度、料层厚度、测量距离与高频电磁波水分测量精度的关系。试验结果表明,测量距离对测量精度的影响最大,测量距离相差20mm,反射电磁波强度相差450%以上,而对堆放密度的影响约为16%。     

Computational Simulation on Temperature Field of Slab Continuous Casting Mold

On the core concepts that the distributing of temperature and solidified slab shell in mold are a stable process, a new method to calculate the temperature field in mold has been promoted. Consequently, a coupling model on fluid filed and temperature field in stable state has also been established. The concept of effective heat capacity is introduced to deal with the latent heat source term from phase transformation. During the programming for computation, the dynamic updating method is also applied to simulate the influence of solidification on physical properties. The resolution results of this model are analyzed and compared with the tested thickness of solidified shell from casting broke out slab, which demonstrates the correctness and applicability of this model to the practical continuous casting process. Additionally, the thickness distribution of solidified shell in slab mold are also studied in detail.     

制梗丝工艺参数对梗丝形态分布的影响

为研究制梗丝工艺参数对梗丝形态分布的影响,采用均匀设计的方法,对烟梗增温到梗丝膨胀工序段的不同工艺参数组合进行分组试验,并通过逐步回归分析方法,分析了烟梗增温蒸汽工作压力、压梗厚度、切梗丝厚度和梗丝膨胀蒸汽流量对梗丝形态分布及填充值的影响。结果表明,烟梗增温蒸汽工作压力与切梗丝厚度的交互作用对梗丝填充值与梗丝长丝(长度≥3.35 mm)率有十分显著的影响;烟梗增温蒸汽工作压力值的二次方对梗丝中丝(长度为2.5～3.35 mm)率有十分显著的影响;压梗厚度与切梗丝厚度的交互作用对梗丝短丝(长度为1.0～2.5 mm)率有十分显著影响;切梗丝厚度对梗丝碎丝(长度≤1.0 mm)率有十分显著的影响。     

特定磁波对作物某些生理生化特性的影响

报道特定电磁波变辐射器（TDP）辐照各种大田作物及蔬菜作物,包括小麦、水稻、玉米、高粱、番茄、萝卜、碗豆等的种子和萌发种子后对作物某些生理生化特性的影响。结果指出,TDP辐照能显著促进淀粉酶、过氧化物酶、SOD的活力,增加ATP含量、超弱发光强度、种子放热量,提高P/O值和蛋白质含成强度。     

Nondestructive Test of Surface Defect of Hot Slabs Based on Machine Vision at High Temperature State

Aimed at the problem of online detection of continuous slabs surface defect at high temperature, The CCD shutter control model was established using machine vision technology and equipment at high temperature states. The default clustering algorithm was provided. The CCD imaging equipment with dual cool modes of water and air was selected to ensure continuous work at high temperature conditions. The slab width of 3 000 mm can be detected, and the system can effectively restrain the influence of noise signals brought by oscillation marks on the surface of slabs and realize monitoring and clustering of the slab surface default.     

基于超静定方程的橡胶材料本构模型参数识别

由于橡胶材料具有非线性和大变形特性,使得描述橡胶力学特性的本构模型参数的确定比较烦琐和困难。为了提高橡胶本构模型参数识别的准确性,基于超静定方程求解原理推导出一种新的识别方法。以某橡胶衬套为例,识别的参数应用于有限元分析,对比试验数据,结果表明该识别方法可以准确识别橡胶材料参数,并且精度相对于最小二乘法有了明显改善,显示了超静定识别法的有效性和可靠性。     

玉米雄穗性状的配合力及遗传参数研究

以7份具有不同雄穗性状的玉米自交系为材料，采用Griffing方法4的双列杂交，估算了玉米雄穗主轴长度、分枝数、平均分枝长度、小穗着生密度和每穗小穗数5个性状的一般配合力、特殊配合力和相应的遗传参数，并进行了性状间一般配合力相关分析。结果表明：5个雄穗性状一般配合力明显高于特殊配合力，基因累加效应占遗传主导地位；5个性状的hB^2(％)分别为80．72，82．96，85．13，84．211，61．10．hN^2(％)分别为60．92，66．11，44．62，67．20，38．96。性状间一般配合力效应相关分析发现，分枝数、小穗着生密度与每穗小穗数间分别呈极显著和显著正相关(r=0．9347^**，r=0．8345^*)。选择雄穗时，对分枝数、小穗着生密度宜进行早代选择。     

Capacity analysis of steelmaking-continuous casting sectionbased on different products mixes

Capacity is an important technical and economic indicator to evaluate the production and operating state of steel plants. Aiming at the problems about the capacity of steelmaking-continuous casting section, firstly, the operation time of steelmaking, refining and continuous casting process for different steel grades is found out by resolving the production process of a BOF special steel plant. Then, the bottleneck process under different production mixes is found by discussing the relation among the productive capacity of steelmaking-continuous casting system, the capacity of different processes and the products mixes．Finally,the improvement measures for promoting the capacity are proposed aiming at breaking through the restriction of bottleneck process. A general method to research on the capacity of steelmaking-continuous casting section is developed, which helps to determine reasonable index of products mix and give full play to the capacity of steelmaking-continuous casting section.     

壳寡糖对油菜叶片光合特性的影响

寡糖能够诱导植物抵抗生物胁迫和非生物胁迫。采用酶解法获得的壳寡糖喷施油菜幼苗。利用CIRAS-2型便携式光合仪测定油菜光合特性。用5mg/L 和50 mg/L壳寡糖溶液喷施油菜的幼苗叶片后发现其叶片的净光合速率(Pn) 、气孔导度(Gs)和胞间C02浓度(Ci)显著提高;喷施5 mg/L壳寡糖比50 mg/L效果显著。L-NANE（一氧化氮合酶抑制剂）和Na2WO4（钨酸钠,脱落酸抑制剂）减弱了壳寡糖诱导的油菜幼苗光合参数提高的作用;NO（一氧化氮）及ABA（脱落酸）处理叶片的净光合速率提高。说明壳寡糖诱导了油菜幼苗光合参数的提高通过NO和ABA通路。     

利用可调参数式行星球磨机超微粉碎野生黑木耳的试验研究

采用自行研制的可调参数式行星球磨机对野生黑木耳进行了超微粉碎试验研究。对野生黑木耳进行精细加工,为开发出富含野生黑木耳超微粉的各种食品提供条件。试验采用5因素二次回归正交旋转组合试验设计的方法,建立了试验因素与试验指标间影响关系的数学模型,通过优化计算得到野生黑木耳超微粉碎的最佳工艺参数为:公转盘转速为574r/min,粉碎时间为4.2h,球料比为5,磨筒倾角为69o,填充率为23%,理论最佳颗粒粒径为3.9μm,实验值为4.12￣7.79,与理论最佳值基本一致,因此试验得出的数学模型可靠。同时进行了不同细度黑木耳粉的动物喂养实验,结果表明,黑木耳超微粉在净消化率、生物学价值、净利用率和功效比值方面均显著优于黑木耳粗粉和黑木耳细粉,对黑木耳进行超微粉碎具有实际意义。     

Dynamic Control Model for the Secondary Cooling of Slab Casting Based on Neural Networks

A dynamic control model for the secondary cooling of slab casting is presented to reduce the difference between the actual temperature and the goal surface temperature of slab. The model, which is based on the BP neural networks for forecasting the temperature and the fuzzy neural networks for dynamically controlling the water in the secondary cooling in the continuous casting, could timely adjust and allocate the water according to the speed and temperature of slab. A series of tests have been conducted based on inputs of the No. 2 slab caster in a steel plant. It has been shown that the model, which integrate the charateristics of water controlling problem in secondary cooling into the temperature status of slab during the cooling process, can control the water in secondary cooling efficiently and dynamically according to the situation of actual production.