Dynamic Characteristics Analysis and Structure Design of Improvement for Exhaust Manifold Cover

The exhaust manifold cover is the main source of surface radiate noise of a 6 360 vehicle's engine.By using the finite element analysis technology,a finite element model of the cover is established,and then the modal analysis is done theoretically with this model,the result is consistent with the experiment.On this basis,the transient response of the cover under the excitation of engine block's vibration is analyzed.The result show that the free edge is the main source of radiate noise,because its normal velocity is maximal.The improved measures are adopted which is based on the practical structure of the cover.The analysis of the improved structure shows that the measures are effective,the radiate noise of the cover is decreased distinctly.     

Analysis and Countermeasures of the Power Noise During High Frequency PCB Design

The paper analyses many forms of power supply noise interference in the high frequency PCB and the relevant reasons. Combining several formulas with the relevant engineering experience, the authors bring forward a lot of related means; finally conclude the chief principle that controlling power noise should abide by.     

Numerical Analysis of Flow and Acoustic Field Inside the Automobile Exhaust Muffler

The acoustic field,flow field and temperature field inside a muffler are studied by the numerical analyze method.And an improved design is made aiming at the existent problem.The comparison of the computationally predicted and the experimentally measured transmission loss shows a good agreement.It is indicated that the numerical analysis method can simulate the exhaust muffler's characteristic accurately.So it is an effective method to predict exhaust muffler's performance and have an improved design.     

Vibration & Noise Analysis on Double-ring Gear Reducer

Double-ring gear reducer with Central inputting shaft is studied. The basic structure of reducer as well as testing equipment, probe spot and testing method of Structure-borne noise and air-borne noise is presented. Based on frequency spectrum of each point, amplitude spectrum of structure-borne noise and testing results of air-borne noise, the authors analyze the vibration characters and latent faults of double-ring gear reducer, coming to the value and the cause of the noise, providing theoretical basis for proper design of the double-ring gear reducer and method of reducing its vibration and noise.     

Identification of Minibus''s Surface Noise Source

With the study of minbus's accelerated exterior noise control,the principle of sound intensity measurement was applied,the sound intensity of a minbus's surface noise was tested,and the surface noise distribution was presented.Several identification of noise source methods including sound power,sound intensity contour map,frequency spectrum were used together for surface noise analysis and study.Engine radiation noise and exhaust noise was identified as the major noise sources.On the contrary,car body vibration noise,tyre noise,transmission agent noise,air admission noise just occupied a little proportion of surface sound radiation energy.The research provides the reliable basis to determine main projects of minibus's accelerated exterior noise control.     

Analysis on Valve Train Noise of Engine

To research the mechanical and influence factors of noise of valve train of engine, noise-distinguishing test is taken with one certain 125 mL engine valve train. The result reveals that the valve train noise mainly results from impacting between rocker and valve stick, impacting of valve seating. With the way of model set up and simulating calculation of kinematics and dynamic of valve train, the influence factor of rocker impact force and valve seating acceleration of valve train is studied, which reveals that the acceleration of valve and impacting force between rocker and valve stick are mainly relied on cam buffer segment lift, cam buffer segment wrap angle and coefficient of accelerating segment of cam buffer segment. Choosing these parameters reasonably is helpful to decrease the acceleration of valve and impacting force between rocker and valve stick, and then reduce the noise of valve train.     

Application of Sound Intensity Technique to Measure the Noise of Electromotor

This paper has explained the characteristics,virtue of sound intensity measurement and the principle. And compare with traditional sound pressure measurement. The principle and composing of virtual sound intensity measurement system based on two-channel FFT analysis are researched. The sound power of large turbogeneratorin operating site is determined by means of sound intensity measurement and sound pressuremeasurement. Itis demonstrated that the method of sound intensity measurement of engine is practicable and the measuring data are valid and the method conquers the problems of traditional method of sound pressure measurement which is apt to environmentinfluence and sound power measurement need to especially acoustic environment. It is proved that the sound intensity method is especially suited to determine highaccuratelythe sound Power level of the electrical machines operating in situated conditions especially in case of acoustically worst environments or on loadand themethod is so superiorityin noise measurement.     

Assessment and Suggestion on Management System of Vehicle Exhaust

This paper analyzes the deep reasons why the benefits are always poor though China has controlled the vehicle exhaust for more than ten years, as well as a successful experience of the developed countries. Contrasting the deficiencies of the previous Air Pollution Control Law and advantages of the present Air Pollution Control Law , the paper indicates the organization structure and management system of the EPA are not entirely eligible for the tasks though the new law entitles environmental administrations to strengthening the exhaust control. It calls for that, according to principle that a structure results in a function, China must establish the management system of vehicle emission control in metropolises as soon as possible. So we can implement this law and improve urban air quality that has deteriorated due to vehicle exhaust. This paper puts forward organization form, functions, tasks and effect of this system.     

Three-Effect Catalytic Converter of Vehicle Exhaust and the Latest Development

How to control exhaust of vehicle has become a hot topic in China. In the system of out engine's purification, a three-effect catalytic converter should be the preferential technique undoubtedly because of its maturation and reliability. All new Chinese cars have been now installed a three effect catalytic converter which is imported. However it is not able to hold up a national automobile industry. China should seek its own three effect catalytic converter to fit the specific situation. This paper expounds harm of the exhaust, configuration, catalytic theory, manufacturing processes, deactivation mechanism and others like that on the converter. Particularly, it discuses its demands and some approaches to satisfy ones. Out of that, how China should develop a catalytic converter is indicated which is suitable for the present situation.     

Experimental Research on Noise Reduction of Mini-car

By means of noise sources separation experiment of mini car and the surface acoustic intensity measurement of the engine, this paper finds that the main noise source of the mini car is the intake noise. According to the frequency spectrum analysis of the intake noise, the design frequency of the three cavity Helmholz intake silencer is determined. The results of the experiments show that the silencer, which is patented, has a remarkable effect, about 8 dB(A) decrement, on the noise reduction of the mini car.     

A Modern Spectrum Analysis Method for Pulse Abnormalities of Drug Abusers

The pulse sense of PVDF is used to collection pulse signals of subjects into computer and store them in data file style. The author select a series of pulse signals randomly which contains 40 consecutive cardiac cycles of subject and using a modern spectrum analysis method to estimate the power spectrum of data in every cardiac cycle.An average power spectrum is obtained through averaging such 40 power spectra. It is found that the significant difference of power distribution exists between the heroin addicts and the healthy person. The frequency axis of average power spectrum. Calculating the power distributions on specified frequency bands of the average power spectrum for every subject is carved up.A primary criterion is obtained. The above criterion is applied to 30 subjects including 15 heroin addicts and 15 healthy persons. The correctness of classifying heroin addicts and healthy persons arrives 93.3%.The result shows that the modern spectrum analysis method is really an effective measure to analyze pulse abnormalities of heroin addicts.     

Research on Bridge Structure Noise of Railroads and Underground

This paper analyses the generating mechanism of radiation noise which produced by bridge structures and vibro-acoustic characteristics, and reviews the current situation of the researches on the relevant standards of structure noise at house and abroad. The author summarizes the method of measurement and calculation about structural noise at house and abroad, further notes their limits. This paper explores the impact of such factors as rain speed and other different fluids on structure noise. The noise characteristics of structures like cavity structure and thin-slab structure are also discussed. Strategies for reduce the bridge structure noise are summed up by reducing the vibration of track structure, altering the structure of boundary conditions, increasing the stiffness and changing the bridge cross section. Finally it comes to a conclusion that a combination of these strategies is the root way to settle the question of the bridge structure noise.     

Analysis of Elevated Structure Radiated Noise with BEM-FEM Method

Urban rail transit is becoming an important means of transportation and elevated structure is one important part of urban rail transit. So the radiation noise induced by elevated structure attracts more and more attention. Based on the theory of Helmholtz integral equation of BEM and fluid-structure coupling system of FEM, the sound pressure transmission vector reflecting the relation between structural vibration acceleration and radiation of sound pressure is derived and solved by the element radiation superposition method. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data from a viaduct section of the Beijing airport rapid rail transit.     

砖厂废气排放对橡胶树生长及生理生化特性的影响

为了探明砖厂废气排放对橡胶树生长及生理生化特性的影响,以砖厂东南风下风区距离砖厂200 m、400 m、600 m处,2005年种植的‘云研77-2’橡胶树为研究对象,对植株茎粗以及叶片的生理生化指标（可溶性糖、蔗糖、可溶性蛋白、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、保护酶、丙二醛、超氧阴离子自由基、脯氨酸、含水率及相对电导率等）进行测量测定。结果表明,3个距离间橡胶树的茎粗呈200 m<400 m<600 m的趋势,且差异达极显著水平(P<0.01),说明砖厂废气排放对附近橡胶树生长有严重影响,影响程度依距离远近而有所不同。砖厂废气污染对橡胶树生理生化特性的影响表现为：一方面,导致叶片叶绿素含量降低,光合作用减弱,光合营养物质即可溶性糖、蔗糖含量降低,影响植株生长;另一方面,超氧化阴离子自由基陡增,导致保护酶系统的启动,过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性提高,消除或降低超氧阴离子自由基对橡胶树叶片的伤害。废气污染也导致丙二醛和脯氨酸含量升高,起到调节细胞渗透势,平衡电导率的作用。总之,橡胶树通过启动自身保护系统使之能够对废气污染伤害具有一定的抵御忍耐能力,但砖厂废气排放仍会对橡胶树生长和正常生理过程产生严重影响,导致其光合作用降低,光合产物减少,造成植株矮生细长。     

4种针叶树抗汽车尾气污染能力之比较

【研究目的】为了研究园林绿化树种对汽车污染的适应能力,试验以油松、北美乔松、华山松、白皮松4种针叶树的盆栽2年生实生苗为试材;【方法】采用静态熏气法,将苗木用不同浓度（0．0、0．6、1．0、1．6、2．5、3．1、4．1mg／m^3）的标准汽车尾气处理72h,研究了汽车尾气对4种苗木叶片的相对电导率、MDA含量、叶绿素含量、SOD和POD酶活性的影响。【结果】结果表明,随着处理浓度的增加,4种苗木的叶绿素含量和a／b值均呈下降趋势;MDA和相对电导率整体呈上升趋势;SOD和POD活性呈现先上升后下降的趋势。但4树种各指标的变化幅度不同。【结论】利用模糊数学隶属函数值法对4种苗木的抗性进行综合评定．其抗性大小依次为华山松〉北美乔松〉白皮松〉油松。     

Analysis of Low frequency Noise of Bridge Considering the Vibration of Bridge Deck

Under the dynamic load of vehicle, the bridge will vibrate and radiate low frequency noise which is harmful to human health. A method for predicting the low frequency noise is proposed based on the analysis of vibration of bridge deck. The prediction includes the analysis of vehicle bridge coupling vibration considering the bridge deck and the analysis of sound radiation and propagation in the air. By taking a bridge with low frequency noise as example, the vibration and sound radiation of the bridge are analyzed respectively by the current method and the previous method based on the grillage model. The results show that the prediction based on the vibration of bridge deck is more accurate. Furthermore, the measures to reduce the noise of bridge are explored, and the results indicate that a smoother road surface leads to lower noise. But when the condition of road surface is up to the extremely good standard defined by ISO, the effect of reducing the roughness of surface is not significant. Also, strengthening the crossbeam in the bridgehead is a simple and effective way to reduce the low frequency noise of bridge.     

Study on Surface Noise Distribution of Three ring Reducer

The three ring reducer is a kind of gear drive developed in the past decade. Adopting the new conception of "parallel and movable axis" of multiple mechanisms, this kind of gear drive has many characteristics such as large transmission ratio, high efficiency and so on. As the three ring reducer has been invented only for ten years, up to date the design of the gear drive is only made with analogue method, no design theory can be followed, there exist serious vibration and noise in transmission, which limit its wide application in industry. In this paper, the transmission principle of SHQ50 reducer is studied, the surface noise distribution of the reducer, transmission ratio 49.5 , is measured and analyzed by means of sound intensity method. The 3D distribution maps of noise on top of reducer, input side and output side of reducer, and left side and right side of reducer are drawn. With the sound intensity frequency maps of each measuring point, the sources of giving out noise are analyzed. The reducer of low vibration and noise can be designed rightly according to the analysis.     

Identifying Research on Noise Sources of Rotary Vane Compressor

This paper describes the noise mechanism of rotary vane compressor JSS -96 by the method of running independently, spectrum and the measurement of the sound intensity. The noise sources of this type compressor mainly include noise of electromotor, outlet noise and intake noise. Electromotor noise and outlet noise among them have most influence on the compressor noise. This is the further basis of noise control for rotary vane compressor.