模式识别的斜拉桥损伤诊断动力指纹与识别算法

为有效并准确诊断出斜拉桥损伤,对基于模式识别的斜拉桥损伤诊断方法进行了研究。选取易于测试出的低阶模态频率和部分关键点竖向振型数据为动力指纹,无需模态扩展或模型缩聚。研究并采用全因子设计进行动力指纹库的创建,可精确评估设定的损伤因子及其交互作用对损伤识别结果的影响。设计并增加了带随机误差的动力指纹库样本集。编制了基于Matlab的模式识别的多种算法,重点研究了精确度高的多层感知器识别算法及其提高该算法预测准确率的装袋集成算法。最后给出一座单塔双跨双索面斜拉桥的多种识别算法的损伤诊断过程和结果,得到一种可包容测试随机误差的高精确度斜拉桥损伤诊断评估模型。     

Application of Improved Hierarchic Genetic Algorithm to Damage Detection of the Main Girder for Cable-stayed Bridge

In the process of damage identification for high-order nonlinear structure such as cable-stayed bridges by the standard genetic algorithm, premature convergence would appear. In order to avoid this, an improved hierarchic genetic algorithm was proposed. The cable force change was used to establish the optimization function and threetypes of standard genetic algorithm were combined with variable fine-tuning and hierarchic strategy.To establish a hierarchical genetic algorithm with catastrophe characteristics A single-tower cable-stayed bridge model was used in the numerical simulation and the result showed that the probability of premature convergence was reduced in the improved hierarchic genetic algorithm and and the cable-stayed bridge damage was identified effectively. The anti-noise performance was better.     

The key technology research of on-line surface inspection for hot heavy rail

To overcome the detection difficulties of the surface defects when milling a hot heavy rail,a suite of detection system for on-line surface defect is developed. To select optical environment according to radiation of heavy rail and characteristics of light,use multi-linear array CCD cameras to parallel multi-angle collect images of whole surface of hot heavy rail,and obtain images through an image adaptive preprocessing to meet requirements of defect detection. For the condition that the defects extracting causing by continuity of the surface defects of hot heavy rail is hard to realize through traditional image segmentation, an examining algorithm of image relevance between pixel lines is proposed, using pixel de-differentiation and statistical variance operations to extract defect. This algorithm is demonstrated to be better than traditional edge detection,and the system has achieved good results in the practical application of a rail beam plant.     

Key technology of detecting hot heavy rail steel surface faults based on machine vision

Aiming at the low efficiency and precision of hot rail steel surface faults detecting at present,a suit of surface defect detection system of hot heavy rail based on the machine vision is put forward. Multi-CCD cameras are used to collect pictures. According to the geometric characteristics of the heavy rail and its defect characteristics of high-frequency region,six angle shot is used for heavy rail,and then various image processing technology are adopted in workstation. The system adopts improved Hough transform to get surface faults and Kohonen network to make a classification for the characteristics of low SVM training algorithm. The above key machine vision technology for detection of hot heavy rail surface defects greatly improves the speed and accuracy of testing and the detecting correct rate arrives over 85%.     

Suppression of Periodic Narrowband Interferences in Cable Partial Discharge Detections

There are background noises and interferences in the signal acquired,due to partial discharge(PD) detection system covers a broad frequency band.To suppress periodic narrowband signal which is a quite serious interference in PD measurement,the existing suppression method is introduced,the new method of wavelet packet transform is mainly studied to de-noise the periodic narrowband in XLPE cable PD detection system,which is based on the db4 basic wavelet using soft threshold.The results of the experiment show that wavelet packet transform is effective in restraining the periodic narrowband interferences to extract the PD pulses in XLPE cable PD monitoring system.     

Method of Cable Tension Controlling in the Long span Cable stayed Bridge Construction

In allusion to the cable tension controlling problem in the parallel strand stayed cable construction, on the basis of construction techniques of applying tension loads one by one, the mechanical model of the cable girder tower in the process of construction was established. With the equal cable tension as a goal, the formula was deduced with the method of forward analysis, which could be used to calculate the initial tension of each strand in construction. The effect of temperature variations on the initial tension could be eliminated by using the formula with the method of equivalent tension. Moreover, a method was proposed to measure the cable tension in the processes of construction and performing the function. Finally, the practice in one cable stayed bridge in the north indicated that 1) the uniform cable tension could be obtained by the proposed method; 2) the tension error range of whether a single strand or the whole stayed cable was within 5%, and the result could meet the needs in construction control; 3) the method could provide reference for the similar stayed cable construction.     

Nondestructive Test of Surface Defect of Hot Slabs Based on Machine Vision at High Temperature State

Aimed at the problem of online detection of continuous slabs surface defect at high temperature, The CCD shutter control model was established using machine vision technology and equipment at high temperature states. The default clustering algorithm was provided. The CCD imaging equipment with dual cool modes of water and air was selected to ensure continuous work at high temperature conditions. The slab width of 3 000 mm can be detected, and the system can effectively restrain the influence of noise signals brought by oscillation marks on the surface of slabs and realize monitoring and clustering of the slab surface default.     

Dynamic Analysis of Steel Plate Truss Composite Girder on Long Span Two layer Cable stayed Bridge

Based on the refined three dimensional modeling method, a coupled vibration FEA(finite element analysis) model was established for light railway train and long span two layer cable stayed bridge with the consideration of the material and geometry nonlinearity and over 2.2 million of element and nodes.To overcome the computing difficulty for large number of element, the solution was carried out with the Dawning 4000A supercomputer in Shanghai Supercomputer Center based on Contact Balance Bisection Algorithm for parallel computing.Through the simulation of one way and two way conditions, the key component's stress of cable stayed bridge girders and dynamic response of middle span section was respectively analyzed.     

Structural Analysis and Discussion of Wide -stayed Bridge Basket

Based on a cable -stayed bridge girder as an example, the structure and function, the operating principle and calculation model of the main elements of the Basket of wide - stayed bridge were described in detail. A further discussion was carried out on the Basket of Cantilever construction of the main beam in the structure.     

苹果表面伤痕与果梗和花萼的辨识及检出方法

针对在水果表面品质检测的图像处理中,苹果的果梗和花萼很容易被错误辨识成缺陷,提出一种自动识别出苹果缺陷,并计算其大小的图像处理算法,如图像分割、图像去噪、区域标记与提取、感兴趣区域提取等,设计出一种能将采集到的苹果图片进行正确处理后,识别出果梗和花萼,得到真正缺陷大小的图像处理算法。运用C++语言进行编程,采用MFC基于对话框的非模态形式设计了图像处理软件,处理采集到的苹果样品图片,结果表明,该算法能正确计算缺陷大小,并且能得到果梗和花萼的辨识依据,可用于水果表面品质实时检测中。     

基于WEB和RS-485总线的分布式远程环境监控系统的实现

提出了一种针对温室环境监测的基于WEB的数据采集和信息发布系统设计方案,并从软、硬件的角度详细介绍了系统的实现方法。该系统应用MS VB.NET开发工具,采用ASP.NET 技术规范,构建了B/S（Browser/Server）模式下的远程监控系统。硬件系统通过RS-485总线与数字传感器连接,并与具有联网功能的PC监控计算机构成温室现场监控系统。该系统不仅能够通过Internet远程浏览访问温室现场数据,而且能对系统运行参数进行远程修改和设置。该系统不仅可以实现对温室环境的异地和远距离数据监控管理,而且也可应用于农业的其它领域。     

Operational Bridge Responses due to Road Surface Profile Spectral Excitations

Random spectrum excitation samples of a road surface profile are investigated. The displacements, velocities, accelerations of a vehicle and a bridge structure are discussed using certain samples. The road excitations are numerically simulated by the random phase cosine method of the power spectral density. The vehicle bridge system responses are obtained using the vehicle bridge differential equations for different road surface profiles. It is concluded that the random phase has critical effects on the road surface profile curve shape, and the power spectral density on the curve value. The random samples possesses the same statistical characteristics. The system response values are affected more by the road surface profiles, and the response shapes are affected more as the vehicle velocity varies. Some engineering advice is proposed based on the numerical calculation with the different random excitation inputs for their significant differential responses.     

Monitoring and Assessment of Tie on the Caiyuanba Yangtze Bridge

The monitoring and assessment scheme of the Caiyuanba Yangtze Bridge is present by sensitivity analysis. The mechanics character of the six ties is studied by numerical simulation, and then the sensor location and selection are discussed considering the technique of sensor and construction situation. The trend of the displacement at the sensor location is analyzed according to different damage level of ties, the pattern associating with several displacements which are sensitive to damage at ties is bring forward to improve assessment reliability. The result can assist implement of structural health monitoring system to the same type as this bridge.     

Analysis of Vehicle-Bridge Coupled Vibrations for Simply Supported Girder Bridge Considering Bridge Surface Roughness

Bridge surface roughness is usually considered to be the main Influencing factors of vehicle-bridge coupled vibrations.The way that obtaine Bridge surface roughness by the transformation of power spectral density is effective and rapid.The Bridge surface roughness is obtained by Fourier inverse transform method and trigonometric series method respectively. It can be concluded from the comparision that the precision of Fourier inverse transform method is higher than trigonometric series method. The vibration functions for 4-dofs Vehicle and bridge were derived with the employment of d'Alembert principle and computational procedures for vehicle-bridge coupled vibration were compiled. The dynamic response of a simply supported beam and vehicle was analyzed considering bridge surface roughness which was obtained by Fourier inverse transform method.The research shows that the influence due to the bridge surface roughness is significiant and vehicle speed also effects the bridge vibrations by changing the frequency of the force acting on the bridge due to vehicle and the force acting on the vehicle due to bridge deformation.     

Fuzzy Assessment Method for Seismic Damage of CFST Arch Bridges

In order to investigate the conditions of damage and failure of concrete-filled steel tube(CFST) arch bridges, considering the structural and mechanical characteristics of CFST arch bridges, the dual damage criteria assessment models of the various components based on deformation or strength and energy were developed. The nonlinear seismic response of CFST arch bridges was analyzed by finite element method and the fuzzy evaluation method of seismic damage based on fuzzy theory and analytic hierarchy process was studied. Finally, taking a long-span CFST arch bridge as example, the damage index of the bridge was 0.150, 0.152, 0.172 and 0.318 respectively when the seismic peak acceleration was respectively 0.1g, 0.2g, 0.4g and 0.8g. The results show that the CFST arch bridge is slightly damaged under the earthquake when the seismic peak acceleration is 0.4g, and the bridge is damaged moderately when the peak acceleration is 0.8g.     

Nonlinear Response and the Dynamic Stability of Viscoelastic Cable

Based on one dimensional constitutive equations of Revlon materials and the motion equations of the cable, the partial differential equations of the viscoelastic cable in inner and outer of plan under the gravity are investigated. Using Galerkin's method, a system of nonlinear ordinary equations is obtained. The analysis methods of the dynamic stability of viscoelastic cable are given. Finally, the effect of dynamic response of the cable, which is produced by elastic and viscoelastic parameters, is testified by the research of digital simulation.     

Analysis of Low frequency Noise of Bridge Considering the Vibration of Bridge Deck

Under the dynamic load of vehicle, the bridge will vibrate and radiate low frequency noise which is harmful to human health. A method for predicting the low frequency noise is proposed based on the analysis of vibration of bridge deck. The prediction includes the analysis of vehicle bridge coupling vibration considering the bridge deck and the analysis of sound radiation and propagation in the air. By taking a bridge with low frequency noise as example, the vibration and sound radiation of the bridge are analyzed respectively by the current method and the previous method based on the grillage model. The results show that the prediction based on the vibration of bridge deck is more accurate. Furthermore, the measures to reduce the noise of bridge are explored, and the results indicate that a smoother road surface leads to lower noise. But when the condition of road surface is up to the extremely good standard defined by ISO, the effect of reducing the roughness of surface is not significant. Also, strengthening the crossbeam in the bridgehead is a simple and effective way to reduce the low frequency noise of bridge.     

Automatic defect segmentation of ‘Jonagold’ apples on multi-spectral images: A comparative study

Several thresholding and classification-based techniques were employed for pixel-wise segmentation of surface defects of ‘Jonagold’ apples. Segmentation by supervised classifiers was the most accurate, and the average of class-specific recognition errors was more reliable than error measures based on defect size or global recognition. Segmentation accuracy improved when pixels were represented as a neighbourhood. The effect of down-sampling on segmentation accuracy and computation times showed that multi-layer perceptrons were the best. Russet was the most difficult defect to segment, and flesh damage the least. The proposed method was much more precise on healthy fruit.     

Experimental and Numerical Analysis on Rupture of Rock Bridge with Non-Coplanar Intermittent Joints Under Direct Shear

By using servo control shear loading system, specimens with non-coplanar rock-like intermittent joints were tested by the way of forward and reverse direct shear, rupture mechanism and shearing law for rock bridge with non-coplanar intermittent joints were studied under direct shear. The experimental studies showed that five apparent stages are presented in the process of rock bridge rupture under direct shear, which are linear elastic stage, initiation and extension of crack, fracture and transfixion of rock bridge, climbing and occlusion of shear plane and residual friction. Rock bridge presented profile fracture plane under forward direct shear. While under reverse direct shear, band form fracture plane is showed which penetrated along with the direction of forward shear, and the shear strength of initiation and peak shear strength under reverse direct shear are bigger than that under forward shear. Crack angle, normal stress and lap proportion among adjacent joint are the main factors that influence the initiation strength and peak shear strength. The FLAC 3D simulation for the process of non-coplanar intermittent joints rock bridge rupture and formation of shear rupture surface under forward and reverse direct shear was conducted. The results of numerical simulation agreed well with those of experiment. The simulation results revealed tension crack failure of non-coplanar intermittent joints rock bridge and shear yielding mechanism of fracture plane.     

Statistical characteristics analysis of partial discharge in high voltage cable joint

Four typical physical models for the internal insulation defects of 110kV cable joint are designed, while the test platform for Partial Discharges (PD) research on cable joint is constructed. A large number of PD data under different models are obtained by inner broadband ring sensor. The statistical analysis on the PD pattern indicates that there are significant differences between four PD forms on the statistical characteristics such as the phase distribution, skewness, kurtosis and degree of asymmetry, which can be used as effective features to reflect different characteristics of PD. Surface discharge and conductive particles may cause more serious damage to the insulation performance of cable joint, so high precaution should be paid on site operation.