明甪直天王殿松木斗拱振动台试验研究

以甪直保圣寺天王殿斗拱为参考对象,进行无缩尺松木斗拱模型的地震台试验研究。通过对斗拱的加速度与动力放大系数变化趋势、斗拱在振动过程中位移响应变化特征、斗拱变形最大时刻和各构件变形最大时刻的滑移位移和回转位移数值对比分析,得出以下结论：地震加速度用于衡量地震烈度,并不能直接反映斗拱试件的最大变形;振动频率的变化对斗拱回转变形的变化起重要作用,振幅是决定各构件水平滑移的主要因素;各构件变形最大值与斗拱整体变形最大值具有很强相关性,其中栌斗和华拱的回转变形对斗拱的整体变形而言,处于支配地位;斗拱的华拱连下昂部分主要起装饰作用,其榫卯连接节点位置在振动过程中较为薄弱,在对实际文物维护修缮过程中应引起重视并采取相关加固措施。     

Blade kinematic theory for rotary vane compressor

The advantage of blade-offset rotary vane compressor is analyzed, and its kinematic model is established through simplifying the vane motion to the circle center movement of the main vane arc by using equidistant curve envelope principle. Then, the relationship between the displacement, velocity, acceleration of blade and the angle of rotor is obtained. Finally, based on the theory obtained, the simulation is also carried out. Results show this method can avoid complex process for finding the contact point, which meanwhile has good solving accuracy. Because of the differences on kinematic characteristics, the blade kinematic analysis for blade-cardiac cannot be simply used for the blade-offset one, and the kinematic and dynamic characteristics of cylinder profile cannot be shown by the simplified analysis. However, the scientific theory calculation method for the kinematic analysis of blade-offset rotary vane compressor put forward provides a reliable theoretical basis for the innovation of multi-stage combination cylinder profile with high volumetric efficiency and compression ratio, and also broadens the design theory of the rotary vane compressor.     

高麦茬覆盖复播效应及技术研究

高麦茬覆盖复播技术,是在机械收获后在的高茬麦田,通过人工撒种、施耕机施耕等作业环节,达到灭茬、播种、覆盖的目的。这种复播方式既有蓄水保墒、调控地温、培肥改土、抑制杂草等土壤环境效应,又有促进夏作物生长发育、提高产量的生物学效应。与常规耕作复播相比,每公顷增产夏玉米１２７５ｋｇ、夏 大豆８２６．５ｋｇ,增产率分别为２９．１％和３３．１％。     

Analysis on USB Driver Based on VxWorks Operation System

Recently, USB systems based on VxWorks are widely used in the embedded system. In this paper, the architecture of the VxWorks Operation System, the embedded USB system and the USB host stack are analyzed. This gives the technical method to development of the USB driver based on VxWorks.     

A fault data recording system design for hybrid electric vehicles

A data recording system for fault diagnosis of hybrid electric vehicles was studied by taking the integrated starter and generator (ISG) hybrid electric vehicle as the investigation object. The fault diagnosis communication net was established using a CAN bus and a K line. As designed, the system hardware structure included a CPU processing module, a communication module, and a USB recording module. With the system requirements and characteristics in mind, special circuit design and analysis of USB mass storage module were carried out based on the hardware scheme and software design. In the running test, the fault data recording system worked stably, and the data was recorded integrally and correctly. At the same time, the online display data accurately reflected the vehicle's running status.     

耕作方式对小麦播种质量、产量和效益的影响

为明确冬小麦―夏玉米轮作种植模式中,不同耕作整地方式对小麦播种质量、产量和效益的影响,设置旋耕2次、深松+旋耕、重耙+旋耕、翻耕+轻耙、翻耕+旋耕、重耙+翻耕+轻耙和重耙+翻耕+旋耕（CK）共7种耕整地方式。结果表明,在夏玉米为籽粒玉米的地块,7种耕作整地方式中CK处理的秸秆含量较少,地表及0~20cm土层平均秸秆含量较其他处理减少27.5%和28.6%,土壤与秸秆混合较均匀,0~20cm土层中每5cm土壤平均容重较其他处理变化减小30.5%,播种深度适宜,平均3.9cm,出苗质量好,缺苗断垄较其他处理降低25.7%,苗间离散度均匀,平均极差减小39.0%,穗数最多（670.5万/hm²）、产量最高（7966.5kg/hm²）、效益最高（9051.0元/hm²）,与其他处理达显著性差异。在夏玉米为青贮玉米的地块,除旋耕2次和深松+旋耕的整地处理产量较低外,其余处理间产量差异不显著,其中翻耕+旋耕处理的产量和效益最高,分别为8133.0kg/hm²和9894.0元/hm²,效益显著高于其他处理。     

耕作方式对成都平原稻麦轮作系统吸收累积镉的影响

为研究不同耕作方式（翻耕、旋耕、免耕与秸秆还田）对成都平原水稻-小麦轮作系统吸收累积重金属Cd的影响,探讨Cd污染耕地最优的耕作方式,在轻度污染农田开展了2年定位试验,研究翻耕秸秆还田、翻耕无秸秆、旋耕秸秆还田、旋耕无秸秆、免耕秸秆还田和免耕无秸秆处理对作物产量以及收获物、秸秆和土壤中重金属Cd含量的影响。试验结果表明,与旋耕和免耕相比,翻耕处理能够显著降低小麦籽粒和水稻稻谷中的重金属Cd含量。相同耕作方式下,是否秸秆还田对小麦籽粒和水稻稻谷中的Cd含量影响不显著。在翻耕条件下,表层土壤有效Cd和总Cd含量、小麦和水稻秸秆中Cd含量均显著低于旋耕和免耕处理。因此,从保证作物产量和降低农产品Cd含量的角度出发,翻耕可作为成都平原轻中度Cd污染耕地水稻-小麦安全生产的一项有效技术措施。     

不同耕作处理对土壤微生物、酶活性及养分的影响

为揭示不同耕作处理对土壤微生物、酶活性以及养分的影响,利用大豆为材料,采取两种不同耕作方式为主区,4种中耕方式为副区的裂区试验设计。结果表明：旋耕处理的细菌数量在开花期较翻耕处理降低;旋耕处理的真菌数量在成熟期较翻耕处理提高;而放线菌数量在开花期,翻耕处理较旋耕处理提高,到结荚期却显著低于旋耕处理。翻耕处理的脲酶活性除了在鼓粒期低于旋耕处理,在其他生育期均高于旋耕处理;翻耕处理的土壤磷酸酶活性在结荚期、鼓粒期较旋耕处理提高;翻耕处理的土壤蔗糖酶活性在开花期较旋耕处理提高;翻耕处理在开花期与结荚期的过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性较旋耕处理提高。翻耕处理的速效磷含量较旋耕处理显著提高,速效钾含量旋耕处理较翻耕处理显著提高。在不同中耕措施中,土壤细菌数量在开花期RT1、RT2较RCK显著提高;真菌数量在成熟期PT1、PT2、PT3较PCK降低;各时期的放线菌数量PT2与RT2均较高。在各生育期,PT2、RT2的脲酶活性均较高,在开花期PT2较PCK和RT2较RCK显著提高;土壤磷酸酶活性PT2、RT2在各时期亦较高;土壤蔗糖酶活性在大豆成熟期不同处理均高于各自的CK;在大豆成熟期,PT1较PCK和RT1较RCK的CAT活性提高。不同中耕措施的土壤有机质含量除了RT2显著提高外,其他处理间差异不显著,而碱解氮、速效钾含量PT2、RT2均分别显著高于PCK、RCK。综上可知,PT2组合的耕作处理更有利于保护土壤微环境。     

耕作方式对棉花不同部位果枝叶衰老生理特性的影响

 以转Bt基因抗虫棉33B、杂交抗虫棉农大棉6号为材料,以翻耕、旋耕、免耕三种不同耕作方式为处理,对棉株不同部位果枝叶的生理特性进行了研究。结果表明：翻耕、旋耕、免耕处理不同部位果枝叶的叶绿素、蛋白质含量依次降低,MDA含量依次升高,并且这一规律在两品种上的表现一致。表明翻耕利于延缓果枝叶衰老,免耕果枝叶衰老现象最重,旋耕居中。农大棉6号中后期叶绿素和蛋白质的含量高于33B,MDA含量低于33B,说明农大棉6号抗早衰能力强于33B。     

Finite Element Analysis of the Contact Stress of the Rotary Hinge in the Rigid Frame Arch Bridge Constructed in a Vertically Downward Rotating Manner

Rotary hinges are temporary joints connecting arch ribs with the abutments of rigid frame arch bridges during the vertically downward rotating construction process.We probed the mechanical properties of a rotary hinge.Its stress distribution was simulated in contact FEM during the vertically downward rotating construction of a rigid frame arch bridge.The results show that nearly the entire structure of the rotary hinge is in a low-stress state with only a minor area in a high-stress state.By strengthening some local structures,rotary hinge construction security could be satisfied by its mechanical properties during vertically downward rotating construction.     

ECG Signal Acquisition Instrument Based on USB 2.0

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is an essential way for diagnosing the heart disease, and the test theories and systems work well with the practice application, whereas, as new technologies and devices come forth one after another, it allow us to acquire the ECG data more conveniently, more accurately, more comprehensively. The authors discuss the design of ECG data acquisition system based on the USB 2.0 protocol, and expatiates the system principle in detail. The system employs two AD73360 to sample the standard 12-lead signal simultaneously, which has a resolution of 16-bit. They utilize EZ-USB FX-2 as the USB interface device, which can transfer the data conveniently and quickly, and also permit the configuration of multi-system controlled by just one host. Considering the DSP as a powerful tool in the field of digital signal processing, ADSP-2181 has been chosen.     

MPEG Layer Ⅲ Decoder Design Based on DSP

The design of MP3 decode system based on DSP is introduced. TLV320AIC23, a high performance and stereo codec chip, is selected as a D/A converter in the system. Two McBSPs ofDSP are connected to TLV320AIC23, one of them acts as configuration interface, the other ,the audio digital interface. Configuration interfacemode is SPI. The MP3 audio bitstreamtransmissionbetween the PC and DSP isrealized through the USB1.1 interface. So it is convenientto access MP3 audio bitstream. A large capacitymemory device, Compact Flash Card , is a storage media accessing MP3 bitstream.a programmable logical device, CPLD, controls reading, writing and chip selection of USB and Compact Flash Card. Some experiments show the systemcan well accomplish MP3 decodingand playing.     

旋转式肥料集排器的试验研究

针对4行油菜移栽机配套施肥要求,笔者设计了一款集排式排肥器。对影响总排量稳定性、各行一致性变异系数的凹槽宽度、出口宽度、转速进行了单因素和响应曲面试验。单因素试验结果表明：凹槽宽度为15~25 mm,出口宽度为15~25 mm,转速为40~50 r/min时,集排器性能基本达到设计要求。响应曲面试验结果表明：凹槽宽度为19.61 mm,出口宽度为20.74 mm,转速为45.3 r/min是满足集排器性能的最佳组合,此时总排量稳定性、各行一致性变异系数分别为3.89%、8.17%。试验结果说明集排器的性能可以基本满足国家机械行业标准对于多行施肥装置的要求,也说明了集排式排肥器具有一定的研究意义。     

Knowledge Representation for Rotative Machine Fault Diagnosis Based on Semantic Net

Aiming at knowledge representation problem of expert system for rotary machinery fault diagnosis, semantic net knowledge representation is discussed. Semantic net to represent expert knowledge of rotary machinery fault diagnosis is explored. Its realizing method is afforded in computer language, in addition, demostrating model is also developed in Visual C++. The result shows good validity of the knowledge representation.     

玉米秸秆还田方式和氮肥处理对土壤理化性质及冬小麦产量的影响

为了探讨玉米秸秆还田条件下不同耕作方式及施氮量对土壤耕性及冬小麦产量的影响,于2012年10月至2015年6月连续3个小麦生长季进行了田间定位试验。设3种耕作方式,分别为连续3年旋耕秸秆不还田、连续3年旋耕秸秆还田和前2年旋耕秸秆还田第3年深耕秸秆还田,每种耕作方式下均设4个施氮水平,施氮量依次为165、225、300和360 kg hm?2。与旋耕相比,深耕促进还田玉米秸秆的腐解,且增施氮肥能提高秸秆腐解速度,从而提高耕层土壤的有机质含量。秸秆不还田条件下,连续旋耕降低了0~30 cm土层的有机质含量,结果土壤容重增大,孔隙度降低,且增施氮肥不利于土壤物理性状的改善;秸秆还田条件下,连续旋耕提高了0~10 cm土层有机质含量,土壤容重随之减小,孔隙度增加;秸秆还田条件下,连续2年旋耕1年深耕比连续旋耕增加了10~30 cm土层有机质含量,显著降低了0~20 cm土层容重,增加了0~20 cm土层的总孔隙度和10~30 cm土层的毛管孔隙度。连续3年旋耕造成冬小麦减产,尤其是秸秆不还田处理,第3年产量较第1年下降5.0%~8.7%;旋耕秸秆还田较旋耕不还田平均增产7.3%~8.9%,但在第3年产量下滑;而旋耕还田后适时深耕还田比连续旋耕还田平均增加有效穗数14.5%,增加穗粒数5.7%,产量平均提高7.6%。在玉米秸秆还田条件下,增施氮肥有助于改善土壤理化性质,但225、300和360 kg hm?2氮肥水平的产量无显著差异。本研究结果表明,山东省小麦高产高效栽培技术宜采取秸秆还田、2年旋耕1年深耕、配施纯氮225 kg hm?2的种植模式。     

土壤深松对春玉米生长特性的影响

为了改善北京地区农田土壤结构、提高土壤蓄水保墒能力,提升农田生产能力,增加作物产量,本项目自2011年开始在北京市延庆县保护性耕作试验田开展农田深松效果研究,该文通过单因素三水平的试验方法安排试验,通过对深松加旋耕、深松加耙和传统旋耕（对照）3种耕作模式下春玉米田间生长特性及产量表现的对比分析,探讨不同耕作模式的效果,确定最佳的耕作模式。结果表明,深松加旋耕处理产量为11155.5 kg/hm²,深松加耙处理产量为10872 kg/hm²,对照旋耕产量为9985.5 kg/hm²。深松加旋耕和深松加耙处理较对照传统旋耕公顷产量有明显差异。     

Independent, Alternate, and Simultaneous Selection for Resistance to Anthracnose and Angular Leaf Spot and Effects on Seed Yield in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Two double-cross populations were used to evaluate the efficiency of independent, alternate, and simultaneous selection practiced from the F₂ to F₈ for resistance to anthracnose and angular leaf spot of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Seven resistant and high-yielding lines were selected from each of the four environments used during this study. These lines and the seven parents involved in two populations were evaluated in an 8 × 8 lattice design with three replications in two cropping seasons. Pathogen inoculum was used to create the three test environments: anthracnose alone, angular leaf spot alone, and anthracnose and angular leaf spot together. All entries were also evaluated in a fourth, disease-free environment. Selection for resistance to anthracnose and angular leaf spot was effective in both populations. Mean disease scores of all selected lines for anthracnose were lower than that of angular leaf spot irrespective of selection environment. Among the three stress environments, yields were higher in the anthracnose environment. However, lines selected alternately for anthracnose and angular leaf spot were usually higher yielding, and the highest yielding line in both populations originated from this selection environment. The mean yield of selected lines was higher and the highest yielding line originated from the population involving a parent (G 1805) belonging to the Mexican highland race ‘Jalisco’. Positive association existed between seed yield of protected and pathogen-inoculated environments. No association was found between resistance to anthracnose and angular leaf spot.     

针芽形名优绿茶滚筒杀青工艺研究优化

为了研究针芽形名优绿茶的滚筒杀青工艺对其感官品质及品质成分的影响,并优化提出最佳滚筒杀青工艺参数,以针芽形名优绿茶的外形、香气、滋味的感官审评结果为依据,多指标评价优化滚筒杀青工艺参数,并考察滚筒杀青时间、温度、投叶量对针芽形茶主要品质成分的影响。结果显示：多指标评价优化的针芽形名优绿茶最佳滚筒杀青工艺参数,即温度270℃、时间90 s、投叶量125 kg/h;杀青温度对氨基酸总量、咖啡碱含量具有显著影响,对茶多酚含量具有极显著影响;杀青时间对水浸出物、茶多酚、氨基酸含量具有显著影响;投叶量对咖啡碱含量具有显著影响。     

免耕玉米田杂草群落消长初探

为了研究“小麦-玉米”一年两熟制农田,连续免耕对玉米田杂草群落演替及对玉米产量的影响,进行了田间小区试验,采用倒置“W”取样法调查不同耕作方式玉米田杂草种类和数量,用生测法测杂草鲜重,玉米成熟后测产。结果表明：免耕覆盖麦秸和免耕玉米田的杂草种类由12种增加到13种,旋耕玉米田杂草种群构成没有变化,有11 种杂草。免耕覆盖麦秸1~5 年,其玉米田杂草数量比旋耕田少,6~7年,二者杂草数量差异不大;免耕1~4 年,免耕玉米田的杂草数量与旋耕田相比互有消长,从第5 年开始免耕田杂草数量一直比旋耕田多;免耕覆盖麦秸的玉米田牛筋草所占比率明显降低,而马唐所占比率呈增加趋势。连续免耕3 年后,免耕覆盖和免耕田玉米产量均下降,前者的降低幅度低于后者。免耕覆盖麦秸能减少玉米田杂草发生数量,而随免耕年限的延长抑制效果下降;免耕年限越长玉米田杂草发生越严重。     

Nitratentwicklung nach Kleegrasumbruch im Frühjahr unter der Folgefrucht Silomais

Nitrate release under the following crop maize after ploughing a clover-grass crop in spring After ploughing a clover-grass crop in spring, the formation of nitrate under the following crop maize, its nitrogen uptake and yield were investigated as well as the N-mineralization in the fallow plots. As ploughing processes the variants “rotary cultivator” and “plough” were compared. Three days before ploughing 14 kg nitrate-N/ha were found in the soil from 0 to 90 cm depth. At all sampling dates after ploughing significant higher nitrate-N contents were analysed in the soil of the plough variant than in the rotary cultivator variant. Under maize the highest observed nitrate contents were reached at the end of July, that is 117 kg N/ha in the plough and 65 kg N/ha in the rotary cultivator variant. In the soil without plant growth the highest nitrate values were not noticed before the end of August, namely 213 and 102 kg N/ha in the plough and in the rotary cultivator variant, respectively. During the time after these maximum values the nitrate contents in the fallow plots lessened dramatically, probably implying considerable nitrogen losses. In the maize plots, however, the continual nitrogen release could obviously be used well by the plants. Under maize there was another period of intensive N-mineralization between end of August and the beginning of October, so that the N-contents in both soil and maize plants approximately doubled during the last 5 weeks before harvest: from 70 to 148 (“rotary cultivator”) and from 140 to 269 kg N/ha (“plough”), respectively. This is equivalent to a mineralization rate of 1.9 and 3.1 kg nitrate-N/ha d, respectively, in the time between the end of August and the beginning of October. This nitrogen release was only expressed by the increasing N-uptake of the maize plants, but not by a changed nitrate store in the soil. Because of the better nitrogen supply the plough variant led to a dry matter yield which was 73 % higher than in the rotary cultivator variant (176 and 102 dt/ha, respectively).