紫苏籽活性成分的抗炎作用及其在畜牧生产中的应用研究进展

紫苏籽是一味药食两用的传统中药材,具有解热镇痛,抑菌消炎等功效。紫苏籽富含α-亚麻酸,而α-亚麻酸有助于维持免疫细胞正常的结构与功能,并能抑制炎症因子的产生;紫苏醛既能抑制促炎因子基因的表达,又可提升动物自身的免疫能力;黄酮及酚酸类等活性物质能减少炎症细胞浸润和水肿形成,诱导病变细胞凋亡,还具有抗氧化等作用。文章主要介绍了紫苏籽中α-亚麻酸、紫苏醛、异紫苏酮、木犀草素和迷迭香酸等主要抗炎活性成分及抗炎作用,综述了紫苏籽在畜牧生产中的研究进展,介绍了紫苏籽在动物肠道菌群、生产性能、免疫功能、肉品质等方面的调节作用。此外,还探讨了不同品种紫苏籽间成分含量差异大、部分品种的毒副作用强等问题,旨在为紫苏籽资源的开发利用提供理论参考。     

紫苏籽活性成分的抗炎作用及其在畜牧生产中的应用研究进展

紫苏籽是一味药食两用的传统中药材,具有解热镇痛,抑菌消炎等功效。紫苏籽富含α-亚麻酸,而α-亚麻酸有助于维持免疫细胞正常的结构与功能,并能抑制炎症因子的产生;紫苏醛既能抑制促炎因子基因的表达,又可提升动物自身的免疫能力;黄酮及酚酸类等活性物质能减少炎症细胞浸润和水肿形成,诱导病变细胞凋亡,还具有抗氧化等作用。文章主要介绍了紫苏籽中α-亚麻酸、紫苏醛、异紫苏酮、木犀草素和迷迭香酸等主要抗炎活性成分及抗炎作用,综述了紫苏籽在畜牧生产中的研究进展,介绍了紫苏籽在动物肠道菌群、生产性能、免疫功能、肉品质等方面的调节作用。此外,还探讨了不同品种紫苏籽间成分含量差异大、部分品种的毒副作用强等问题,旨在为紫苏籽资源的开发利用提供理论参考。     

紫苏籽提取物在动物生产中的应用

紫苏籽提取物是一种天然植物饲料添加剂,其含有α-亚麻酸、亚油酸等有效成分,具有提高免疫力、促进动物脂肪代谢、调节动物神经内分泌系统等生理功能。本文从紫苏籽提取物的生理功能、具体应用以及存在的问题等方面进行了综合阐述,并对今后紫苏籽提取物研究的趋势提出了展望。     

紫苏籽在养猪生产上的应用研究进展

<正>紫苏(Pefilla frutescens),又称红苏、赤苏、香苏,是唇形科紫苏属草本植物,其果实成熟干燥后即为紫苏籽,富含脂肪(38.80%)和蛋白质(26.38%),具有较高的营养价值[1]。据明朝《本草纲目》记载其具有"行气宽中,消痰利肺,和血,温中,止痛,定喘"等多种功效。研究表明,用作饲料添加剂的紫苏籽能改善猪生产性能、增强机体免疫力和提高肉品质,安全高效,是一种非常具有开发价值的中草药饲料添     

紫苏籽油提取工艺及其营养功效研究进展

紫苏籽油富含ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸,其中α-亚麻酸含量达到53％～62％,具有抗氧化、抗癌症、降低心血管疾病等功效.文章从紫苏籽油的提取方法、活性物质组成营养功效等方面进行综述,并对未来的研究重点进行了展望,旨在为紫苏籽油的开发及综合应用提供理论参考.     

富含ω-3不饱和脂肪酸饲料原料的筛选

为检测野生饲料资源中ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(ω-3 PUFA)的含量,采用气相色谱法,对紫苏籽、胡麻籽、油菜籽、马齿苋种子、紫花苜蓿粉、大麻籽和葵花籽等进行ω-3 PUFA含量的测定.结果表明:紫苏籽和胡庥籽是含ω-3 PUFA最高的2种原料.     

紫苏籽提取物对蛋鸡产蛋高峰后期血液生理生化指标的影响

试验选用产蛋率和体重等各项指标相近的48周龄海兰褐蛋鸡480只,随机分成4个处理组,每个处理组6个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加0.01%、0.02%、0.03%的紫苏籽提取物,研究紫苏籽提取物对蛋鸡产蛋高峰后期血液生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:添加0.02%紫苏籽提取物与对照组相比可显著提高试验第30天蛋鸡血液中血红蛋白含量和红细胞压积(P0.05),对其他血常规指标均无显著影响(P0.05);与对照组相比,添加0.02%紫苏籽提取物可显著提高试验第30天蛋鸡血清中白蛋白含量(P0.05),添加0.03%紫苏籽提取物可显著提高试验第30天蛋鸡血糖含量(P0.05);添加紫苏籽提取物可显著降低第15天血清中总胆固醇含量(P0.05),血清中甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、尿酸含量有降低趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05)。日粮中添加0.01%~0.03%紫苏籽提取物有利于提高蛋鸡产蛋高峰后期造血功能和蛋白质代谢,并具有降低总胆固醇、甘油三酯含量以及护肝功效。     

紫苏籽提取物对蛋鸡产蛋高峰后期生产性能、生殖激素及免疫功能的影响

为了探讨在饲粮中添加不同水平紫苏籽提取物对蛋鸡产蛋高峰后期生产性能、生殖激素及免疫功能的影响,本试验选用体重、产蛋率基本一致的48周龄海兰褐蛋鸡480只,采用单因素完全随机试验设计,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.01%、0.02%、0.03%的紫苏籽提取物,试验期30 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.01%、0.02%、0.03%紫苏籽提取物均能降低料蛋比,但差异不显著(P0.05),4组间日均采食量、破软蛋率无显著差异(P0.05),添加0.03%紫苏籽提取物能极显著提高蛋鸡产蛋率和日均产蛋量(P0.01);2)与对照组相比,添加0.01%、0.02%、0.03%紫苏籽提取物能极显著提高蛋鸡血清中孕酮(第15天)和雌二醇(第15和30天)的含量(P0.01),添加0.03%紫苏籽提取物能极显著降低蛋鸡血清中睾酮含量(P0.01);3)与对照组相比,添加0.01%、0.02%、0.03%紫苏籽提取物能极显著提高蛋鸡血清中白细胞介素-2(IL-2)含量(P0.01),添加0.02%、0.03%紫苏籽提取物能极显著提高蛋鸡血清中免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)含量(P0.01),添加0.03%紫苏籽提取物能极显著提高蛋鸡血清中免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)含量(P0.01)。由此可知,饲粮中紫苏籽提取物添加水平为0.03%时,能极显著提高蛋鸡产蛋高峰后期产蛋率、日均产蛋量和免疫功能。     

紫苏籽提取物对蛋种鸡产蛋高峰后期生产性能、激素水平及繁殖性能的影响

本试验旨在探讨日粮中添加紫苏籽提取物对罗曼粉蛋种鸡产蛋高峰后期生产性能、激素水平、繁殖性能的影响。试验选用1 080只49周龄健康罗曼粉父母代蛋种鸡随机分为4个处理,每个处理分5个重复,每个重复54只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加紫苏籽提取物100、200、300 mg/kg,试验期为40 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,在日粮中添加300 mg/kg紫苏籽提取物能极显著提高蛋种鸡产蛋率和日均产蛋量(P0.01);与对照组相比,添加100、200、300 mg/kg紫苏籽提取物均能极显著提高蛋种鸡血清中孕酮(第20天)和雌二醇(第20、40天)的含量(P0.01),添加300 mg/kg紫苏籽提取物能极显著降低蛋鸡血清中睾酮含量(P0.01);与对照组相比,添加300 mg/kg紫苏籽提取物能显著提高蛋种鸡种蛋合格率、种蛋受精率和孵化率,降低死淘率(P0.05)。由此可知,在蛋种鸡产蛋高峰后期日粮中添加300 mg/kg紫苏籽提取物效果较好,能够提高蛋种鸡生产性能和繁殖性能。     

紫苏籽提取物在肉仔鸡日粮中使用效果研究

文章旨在研究紫苏籽提取物对肉仔鸡的饲喂效果,主要通过研究紫苏籽对肉仔鸡生产性能和免疫机能的影响,探讨其作用规律和调节机理,为进一步开发紫苏籽提取物提供科学依据。试验结果显示:①紫苏籽提取物可以提高肉仔鸡的生产性能,试验Ⅲ组与对照组相比,21～42日龄日增重和全程日增重均有所提高;各阶段料重比和全程料重比均有降低;21～42日龄和全程存活率均有所提高;增重饲料成本降低了11.86%(P<0.01)。②与对照组相比,试验Ⅲ组使肉仔鸡的免疫器官指数、新城疫HI抗体效价、E花环形成百分率、淋巴细胞转化率、血清IgG均有所提高。试验结果表明,紫苏籽提取物能促进肉仔鸡生长,增强免疫力,其效果与抗生素相当。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.