S.aureus诱导的小鼠亚临床型乳房炎乳腺病理变化试验

乳房炎是奶牛最常见和危害最大的传染病之一,乳房炎动物模型和系统性的乳房炎病理变化研究是深入研究乳房炎的基础。本研究以分娩后7~12 d的C57BL/6小鼠为模型动物,将从隐性乳房炎的奶牛乳汁分离的金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)50μL(1×107CFU)或等量的无菌生理盐水通过乳导管将缓慢注入小鼠第4、5对乳腺,分别于感染后2、4、8、12、18、24、36、48、60 h和72 h处死小鼠,对乳腺的病理变化进行了系统性的观察。结果显示,对照小鼠乳腺结构完整,连接紧密,腺泡腔充满乳汁,而试验组小鼠2 h即有免疫细胞出现,而且随着时间的推移乳腺内的免疫细胞数量逐渐增加,60 h时小鼠乳腺组织开始脂肪化退变。本研究结果,对奶牛乳房炎乳腺病理变化的研究具有参考意义,也为进一步进行乳腺免疫机制研究奠定了模型基础。     

中药组方对腹腔注射大肠杆菌小鼠血清Th17、Treg型细胞因子的影响

为探讨中药组方对动物机体免疫调节的作用机理,试验研究了预防用中药组方对感染大肠杆菌小鼠血清中Th17及Treg型细胞因子的影响。选取6只健康小鼠为对照组(记为-72h)。另选取252只精神、体况接近的小鼠,按照性别、体质量分为6组:Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为中药组方高、中、低剂量组,灌胃剂量(相当于生药含量,按0.1mL/10g灌胃)分别为20,10,5g/kg;Ⅳ组为药物对照组,按66mg/kg灌胃黄芪多糖;Ⅴ组为模型组及Ⅵ组为健康对照组灌胃同体积蒸馏水,均1次/d,连用3d。试验第4天,Ⅰ~Ⅴ组小鼠均腹腔注射1.7×108 CFU/mL大肠杆菌液(0.1 mL/只),Ⅵ组小鼠注射等量生理盐水。于感染后0,3,6,12,24,48,168h,每组分别选取6只小鼠处死获取全血及血清样本,用ELISA方法测量血清IL-17、IL-23、TGF-β、IL-10的含量,并计算IL-17/IL-10的比值。结果显示:用药后3d,中药组方组小鼠血清IL-17、IL-23,高剂量组的IL-10,中、低剂量组的IL-17/IL-10比值均显著高于模型组及对照组(P<0.05);在感染3h中药组方的IL-10均显著低于感染组(P<0.05),IL-17/IL-10比值均极显著高于感染组(P<0.01),高、中剂量组的IL-17均高于感染组(P>0.05),IL-23、TGF-β均低于模型组(P>0.05)。在试验期间,感染3h后中药组方组的IL-17、IL-23均低于黄芪多糖组,而TGF-β、IL-10和IL-17/IL-10比值部分高于黄芪多糖组。这表明预防用中药组方通过影响感染小鼠血清IL-17、IL-23、TGF-β、IL-10等细胞因子的分泌,调节Th17及Treg细胞亚群平衡,增强机体免疫力。     

蒙药成分复方对乳房炎模型小鼠治疗作用的研究

旨在探讨蒙药成分复方对乳房炎模型小鼠的治疗作用。利用乳腺内注射大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌混合菌悬液的方法制备小鼠乳房炎病理模型;模型制备24 h后,阳性对照组、阴性对照组、蒙药成分复方组分别灌胃环丙沙星、生理盐水、蒙药成分复方水溶液,连续给药3 d,每天1次;于注射菌液后24 h(治疗前)和给药后72 h(治疗后),观察各组小鼠的临床症状、组织病理学变化,测定母鼠乳腺组织匀浆中的TNF-α、IL-6含量和乳腺内菌落数。结果表明,蒙药成分复方可以修复由大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌感染所造成的乳腺组织损伤,显著降低乳房炎模型小鼠乳腺组织中的TNF-α、IL-6含量和乳腺菌落数(P0.05)。蒙药成分复方可以治疗由大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌混合感染引起的小鼠乳房炎。     

金黄色葡萄球菌诱导小鼠乳腺纤维化模型TGF-β1的表达

为探究金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)引起乳腺纤维化的致病分子机制,本研究以不同剂量(10~4 cfu/m L、10~6cfu/m L、10~8cfu/m L、10~(10)cfu/m L)的S.aureus感染哺乳期BALB/c小鼠乳腺组织,观察小鼠临床症状和病理组织学变化,筛选建立小鼠乳腺纤维化模型的S.aureus感染剂量。感染小鼠后分别于感染后1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d、14 d、21 d采集小鼠乳腺组织,通过病理组织学观察、免疫组化染色、荧光定量PCR、western blot等方法,研究乳腺纤维化、TGF-β1的表达分布状况,检测TGF-β1的m RNA的转录和蛋白表达水平。结果显示108 cfu/m L S.aureus感染哺乳期小鼠21 d时出现乳腺组织纤维化,确定其为建立小鼠乳腺纤维化模型的感染菌剂量。10~8 cfu/m L S.aureus感染小鼠乳腺组织后,TGF-β1主要由巨噬细胞(感染后1 d、3 d、5 d)、乳腺成纤维细胞(感染后1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d、14 d、21 d)及乳腺上皮细胞(感染后7 d、14 d、21 d)表达;在感染后3 d～7 d时小鼠乳腺组织中TGF-β1的表达先升高后降低,感染后14 d、21 d时其表达再次升高,并显著高于对照组(p0.01)。本研究表明通过S.aureus感染小鼠乳腺可以建立小鼠乳腺纤维化模型,并能够促进感染后小鼠巨噬细胞、乳腺成纤维细胞、乳腺上皮细胞中TGF-β1的表达,TGF-β1在小鼠乳腺纤维化的发生发展过程中具有重要的促进作用。     

清温消热饮对小鼠LPS致炎模型血清中炎性因子的影响

为了解促炎、抗炎细胞因子在小鼠LPS致炎模型中的动态变化,探讨中药方剂清温消热饮的抗炎治疗作用,采用酶联免疫法测定112例用LPS致小鼠急性炎症模型治疗过程中血清中促炎因子(TNF-α、IL-1β、PGE2)、抗炎因子(IL-10)含量。与LPS致小鼠急性炎症模型组比较:清温消热饮组在18、24 h血清中IL-1β含量明显降低,差异显著(P0.05);清温消热饮组在6、12、18 h血清中TNF-α含量明显降低,6、18 h差异显著(P0.05),12 h差异极显著(P0.01);清温消热饮组血清中的PGE2含量均低于模型组,在6、18、24、36 h时血清中的PGE2含量明显降低,差异极显著(P0.01);清温消热饮组在18、48 h血清中IL-10含量明显升高,差异极显著(P0.01)。同时,清温消热饮组与地塞米松组在各时间段血清中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-10、PGE2含量无显著差异(P0.05)。结果表明,清温消热饮在急性炎症模型中能有效降低血清促炎因子TNF-α、IL-1β、PGE2含量水平,提升抗炎因子(IL-10)含量水平以表现出明显的抗炎作用。     

奶牛乳房炎血清学相关指标的变化

为了研究乳房炎对奶牛血清细胞因子及生理生化指标的影响,试验随机选择48头泌乳期奶牛,按体细胞数(SCC)高低分为健康组和乳房炎组,分别采用体细胞计数法、放射免疫分析法、酶联免疫分析法、全自动生化分析法和比色法测定乳汁SCC和各项血清细胞因子及生理生化指标。结果表明:乳房炎组奶牛血清白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-8(IL-8)的表达水平均显著或极显著高于健康组(P0.05或P0.01),乳房炎组与健康组奶牛血清白介素-10(IL-10)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)表达水平差异均不显著(P0.05);乳房炎组奶牛血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性、白蛋白(ALB)水平、N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAGase)活性均显著或极显著高于健康组(P0.05或P0.01),乳房炎组与健康组奶牛血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性差异均不显著(P0.05)。说明奶牛血清免疫指标、生化指标与乳房炎的发生具有相关性,特别是IL-1β、IL-8、ALB水平及NAGase活性的显著变化与乳房炎的感染和发生关系密切,故这些指标可作为诊断奶牛乳房炎和乳腺组织损伤程度的血清学敏感指标。     

猪附红细胞体感染树突状细胞对Th17相关因子表达的影响

为检测树突状细胞(DC)受猪附红细胞体(M.suis)刺激并接种于感染M.suis小鼠后细胞因子IL-6、IL-23、IL-17、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)量的变化,将感染M.suis的C57BL/6小鼠分为2组,用M.suis致敏的DC2.4和未致敏的DC2.4接种于2组小鼠后,采用ELISA方法检测第1、3、5、7天细胞因子IL-6、IL-23、IL-17、TGF-β的变化.结果显示:M.suis小鼠模型接种致敏DC2.4后第1、3、5和7天,外周血中IL-6水平高于对照组(第3～5天,P＜0.05),第5天水平达高峰;IL-23和IL-17水平高于对照组(P＜0.05),第3天水平达高峰;TGF-β水平高于对照组(P＜0.05),第1天水平达高峰.IL-17与IL-6表达量两者呈正相关,r=0.848且P＜0.01;IL-17与IL-23呈正相关,r=0.604且P＜0.01;IL-17与TGF-β呈正相关,r=0.683＞0,且P＜0.01.结论:致敏DC可通过细胞因子的分泌促进Th0向Th17分化,TGF-β、IL-6协同IL-23共同作用促进Th17分泌IL-17,进一步为Th17亚群在附红细胞体感染过程中的作用提供理论数据.     

TLR2~(+/+)与TLR2~(-/-)小鼠乳腺灌注乳房链球菌后血浆中抗氧化能力及细胞因子水平的比较

为探讨TLR2在乳房链球菌(Streptococcus uberis)感染小鼠乳腺后对血浆中抗氧化能力及细胞因子产生的影响,本研究以B6小鼠TLR2~(+/+)(野生型)和TLR2~(-/-)(TLR2敲除)B6小鼠为研究对象,在小鼠分娩72 h时,乳腺灌注乳房链球菌(设生理盐水灌注对照),24 h后采集血液并制备血浆。实验结果表明:TLR2~(+/+)小鼠血浆中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于TLR2~(-/-)小鼠,乳房灌注乳房链球菌后TLR2~(+/+)及TLR2~(-/-)小鼠血浆中T-AOC水平均显著降低,同对照组相比差异显著(P0.05),且TLR2~(+/+)中也显著高于TLR2~(-/-)型;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力在TLR2~(-/-)小鼠中无变化,而在野生小鼠中显著降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量在两种小鼠中均显著升高,野生型小鼠中含量低于敲除小鼠(P0.05);TLR2~(-/-)小鼠在乳房链球菌感染后血浆中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)分泌显著增加(P0.05);野生型小鼠在感染后白细胞介素-6(IL-6)分泌显著增加(P0.05)。研究表明,TLR2参与了乳房链球菌诱发乳腺局部炎症后的机体整体水平的抗氧化能力及细胞因子分泌的变化,但不是唯一因素。     

NOD1/NOD2介导的信号通路在小鼠金黄色葡萄球菌性乳腺炎中的作用

为研究NOD1/NOD2介导的信号通路在金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)引发小鼠乳腺炎中的作用,本实验通过人工接种不同剂量的S.aureus复制小鼠乳腺炎模型,利用组织切片法观察小鼠乳腺病理变化,采用荧光定量PCR方法检测乳腺组织中NOD1、NOD2、下游的受体作用蛋白2(RIP2)、核转录因子κB(NF-κB)以及炎性细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6的m RNA转录水平。结果显示,接种S.aureus的小鼠乳腺组织中炎性细胞增多,NOD1、NOD2、RIP2、NF-κB、IL-6、TNF-α的m RNA转录水平比未接种对照组均显著升高(p0.05),TNF-α、IL-6的m RNA转录水平变化与NOD1/NOD2相一致。以上结果表明NOD1/NOD2受体及其介导的炎性信号通路参与了S.aureus感染小鼠乳腺的免疫反应。     

旋毛虫单一性别感染及新生幼虫尾静脉感染对小鼠细胞因子表达水平的影响

将单一性别、混合性别旋毛虫肌幼虫分别灌胃感染小鼠，新生旋毛虫幼虫尾静脉注射感染小鼠，并以未感染小鼠作对照，在感染后不同时间检测IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10、TGF-β的血清含量变化。结果显示，与对照组相比，在感染后前7 d,混合性别感染组IL-2含量降低，IL-10、TGF-β、IFN-γ含量升高，而IL-4含量无明显变化；感染后7～35 d,混合性别感染组小鼠的5种细胞因子含量均升高。与混合性别感染组相比，感染后前7 d,单一性别感染组小鼠IFN-γ和TGF-β含量较高，IL-2含量较低；在感染后7～35 d, 5种细胞因子含量较低。与对照组相比，在感染后前7 d,新生幼虫尾静脉注射感染组小鼠的IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-10、TGF-β含量升高，而IL-4含量无明显变化；感染后7～28 d,各细胞因子含量均显著性升高。与混合性别感染组相比，在模拟的对应时间点，新生幼虫感染组5种细胞因子变化无显著差异。结果表明，旋毛虫单一性别感染和混合性别感染引起的细胞因子变化在观察期间有较大差异，而新生幼虫感染和混合性别感染在对应时间点细胞因子变化相似。因此，我们认为单一性别感染和混...     

Complications and survival associated with surgical compared with medical management of horses with duodenitis-proximal jejunitis

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Based on clinical observation, it is hypothesised that horses with duodenitis-proximal jejunitis (DPJ) that are treated surgically have a shorter duration, smaller volume, and slower rate of nasogastric reflux (NGR) compared to horses treated medically, are more likely to develop diarrhoea than medically managed cases, and have a higher incisional infection rate than a sample population of horses undergoing abdominal exploration for gastrointestinal disease other than DPJ. OBJECTIVES: To compare: 1) duration, volume and rate of NGR and the percentage of horses with diarrhoea between medically and surgically treated DPJ cases; and 2) incisional infection rate in horses with DPJ undergoing abdominal exploration to a sample population of horses undergoing abdominal exploration for gastrointestinal disease other than DPJ. METHODS: Medical records of cases with DPJ diagnosed 1995-2006 were reviewed. Information obtained included subject details, presenting clinical findings, treatment category (medical/surgical), complications (diarrhoea, incisional infection), and outcome (survival/nonsurvival). Data were analysed using a Chi-squared test and a mixed model analysis of variance. Level of significance was P<0.05. RESULTS: Compared to medical cases, surgical cases had significantly decreased survival, a longer duration and larger total volume of NGR, and were more likely to develop diarrhoea. The incisional infection rate for horses with DPJ undergoing abdominal exploration was 16% compared to 7% for the sample population of horses. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of horses with DPJ did not lead to resolution of NGR faster than medical treatment. Surgical cases were more likely to develop diarrhoea and did not have a significantly higher incisional infection rate than the sample population.     

Serum triglyceride concentration in dogs with epilepsy treated with phenobarbital or with phenobarbital and bromide

OBJECTIVE: To compare serum triglyceride concentrations obtained after food had been withheld (i.e., fasting concentrations) in dogs with epilepsy that had been treated long term (> or = 3 months) with phenobarbital or with phenobarbital and potassium bromide with concentrations in healthy control dogs. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS: 57 epileptic dogs that had been treated with phenobarbital (n=28) or with phenobarbital and bromide (29) and 57 healthy, untreated control dogs matched on the basis of age, breed, sex, neuter status, and body condition score. PROCEDURES: Blood samples were collected after food had been withheld for at least 12 hours, and serum biochemical and lipid concentrations were determined. Oral fat tolerance tests were performed in 15 control dogs and 9 dogs with epilepsy treated with phenobarbital alone. RESULTS: 19 of the 57 (33%) epileptic dogs had fasting serum triglyceride concentrations greater than the upper reference limit. Nine (16%) dogs had a history of pancreatitis, and 5 of the 9 had high fasting serum triglyceride concentrations at the time of the study. A significant relationship was found between body condition score and fasting serum triglyceride concentration in all dogs, but serum triglyceride concentration was not significantly associated with phenobarbital dosage or serum phenobarbital concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that dogs treated long term with phenobarbital or with phenobarbital and bromide may develop hypertriglyceridemia. Fasting serum triglyceride concentration should be periodically monitored in dogs treated with phenobarbital because hypertriglyceridemia is a risk factor for pancreatitis.     

资源环保安全优质节约谁能一肩挑——镇江市土著菌养鸡访谈录

三月底一个风和日丽的日子,我们去镇江采访土著菌养鸡的情况。对于土著菌,我们并不佰生,因为,我们几年前就报道过镇江广电总局基地的土著菌养鸡。只是那时镇江的主要精力放在稻鸭共作的研究和推广上,这几年土著菌养鸡养猪才被越来越多的人重视起来。不但如此,镇江人又用推广稻鸭共作的热情推广起土著菌养鸡养猪来。     

Long-term treatment with carprofen of 805 dogs with osteoarthritis

The pain-relieving effect of carprofen and tolerance to the drug were investigated in 805 dogs that were lame as a result of osteoarthritis. The dogs were of different breeds, ages and bodyweights and of both sexes, and were selected from 51 veterinary clinics. Each dog was treated orally by its owner with 4 mg/kg carprofen for 84 consecutive days. Twenty-four dogs were removed from the study because of side effects, and 55 left the study for reasons unrelated to the treatment. The condition of the dogs and the benefit of the treatment were evaluated by the veterinary surgeons and the owners after 14 days, and at the end of the period of treatment, when 194 of the dogs (26.7 per cent) were no longer lame, and 357 (49.2 per cent) had improved. The period for which the dogs had been lame before entering the study significantly (P<0.01) affected the results and the rate of improvement. Too much exercise during the 84 days of treatment caused some dogs to relapse.     

Prognostic factors associated with survival in dogs with lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis

Prognostic factors associated with survival in dogs with lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis (LPE) were investigated through a retrospective study. Using case records, 48 dogs diagnosed with LPE were classified as survivors (n = 32) or non-survivors (n = 16), and the clinical and clinicopathological parameters were reviewed between the 2 groups by using univariate and multivariate prognostic analysis. Compared to the hospital population, non-survivors had an overrepresentation of the Shiba breed. Results of univariate analysis indicated that anorexia, severe weight loss, packed cell volume, and total protein were significantly associated with survival for 6 months after diagnosis. In multivariate analysis, anorexia and hypoproteinemia were significantly associated with survival. Furthermore, initial response to treatment was strongly associated with poor prognosis. Based on these clinical and laboratory parameters such as anorexia, hypoproteinemia and initial response to treatment, it may be possible to predict poor prognosis in canine LPE.