泡沫板隔热控温与储粮品质变化关系研究

长期以来。由于仓房隔热性能不太理想，粮温受外温影响较大。尤其是夏季外温高时粮温亦升高，而粮温高时不仅会加速品质的劣变，同时也导致了储粮害虫繁殖速度加快。为此，我们于2003年4月初。在罗城东门区储备库开始进行“泡沫板隔热保温与储粮品质变化关系”研究。从试验结果来看，该项技术可改变储粮的生态环境。抑制虫、霉生长繁殖。延缓粮食品质陈化，减少化学药剂对储粮的污染。     

双膜夹泡沫板密闭压盖隔热控温储粮试验

将压盖物聚苯乙烯泡沫板密闭于双层薄膜之间，与现有泡沫板压盖隔热技术相比，可达到节约材料消耗，增强气密性和隔热性能，减少项目实施和过程管理中劳动强度的目的。使聚苯乙烯泡沫板压盖隔热控温技术得到了更好的应用和发展。     

平房仓稻壳压盖粮面隔热控温试验

老房式仓气密性差,气温、仓温变化对储粮影响较大,导致储粮品质下降较快.为此,我库利用稻壳包压盖粮面,以降低夏季高温对粮温的直接影响,减缓粮温上升速度,确保粮食安全度夏.试验表明,压盖粮面结合密闭排风扇通风,隔热控温效果明显,可有效控制粮食表层温度上升,延缓粮食陈化;双层稻壳包隔热延缓粮温上升速度更为明显.     

珍珠岩隔热保温层对高大平房仓控温储粮效果的研究

在仓房拱板间铺设珍珠岩隔热保温层对高大平房仓进行隔热保温改造,对改造仓房(16号仓)和未改造仓房(12号仓)在2015年7月14日至10月15日期间仓温、最高粮温、最低粮温、平均粮温进行对比分析。结果表明:铺设珍珠岩隔热保温层进行改造后的仓房较未改造仓房,仓温低2.6℃、平均最高粮温低6℃、平均最低粮温低0.3℃、平均粮温低1.0℃。说明珍珠岩隔热保温层对高大平房仓的仓温和最高粮温的控制有较明显效果,可进行控温储粮推广应用。     

高大平房仓综合控温储粮初探

适时采取机械通热降温，及时对粮堆采用聚苯乙烯泡沫板和稻壳隔热保冷及排风散热、屋面喷水降温相结合的办法，能有效控制储粮“热皮冷心”的形成，确保储粮安全度夏，推动绿色储粮的发展。     

露天储粮密闭隔热控温渡夏试验

入夏前，利用白色金属瓦架空隔热和稻草帘双层隔热，并与聚氯乙烯薄膜全堆密闭结合，可以确保度夏粮堆粮温不超过３０℃，且同时起到了防虫，防鼠雀和保鲜的作用。     

仓墙动静态隔热控温储粮试验

低温储粮可以有效限制粮堆生物体的生命活动，减少储粮损失，是绿色粮食储藏技术的发展方向。通过开发仓墙动静态隔热控温储粮系统，利用空调制冷，有效控制粮堆四周粮温上升，为实现全仓低温储粮探索可行的路径。     

气凝胶绝热制品在粮仓的应用研究

开展气凝胶防水防火隔热板粮仓隔热保温研究试脸,结果表明,在相同外温下试验仓比对照仓顶内空间温度低3℃～5℃,仓内空调控温储粮运行时间显著减少,隔热节能效果显著。     

华南地区综合控温储粮试验

在高温高湿的华南地区开展控温储粮，改善储粮环境，提高保管品质，具有十分重要的经济意义。本试验从仓顶、墙体、窗门和粮面等方面对原有仓房进行局部改造，采取仓顶喷淋、外墙悬挂遮阳布、内墙挂膜、粮面大糠包压盖等一系列控温措施。结果表明，进行局部改造投资较少，仓房的隔热保温性能和实用性大大提高，解决了仓内积热产生的危害，为安全储粮创造了良好的环境。     

泡沫板与稻壳包压盖粮面隔热控温储粮的对比试验

在同一仓房内，利用聚苯乙烯泡沫板压盖一部分粮面，另一部分采用稻壳包覆盖。分另q进行隔热控温处理，经一年储存试验表明，两种材料隔热保冷效果均明显，但从安全、经济、有效等方面综合比较，稻壳包优于聚苯乙烯泡沫板。     

Effect of Heat Stress on Grain Starch Content in Diploid, Tetraploid and Hexaploid Wheat Species

Heat stress during grain development adversely affects the starch content of grain in wheat, which results in poor grain quality and yield. Identification of the sources of heat tolerance for grain starch content in wheat species is an important step towards breeding for heat‐tolerant wheat. In this study, 32 wild and cultivated genotypes belonging to diploid (probable donors of B, A and D genomes), tetraploid (BBAA and AAGG genomes) and hexaploid (BBAADD genome) wheat species were evaluated for heat stress tolerance in the field at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India (77°12′ E; 28°40′ N; 228.6 m m.s.l) on two dates, 18 November (normal sowing) and 15 January (heat stress), during 1995–96. The crop sown in January experienced mean maximum temperatures of 31.0–39.3 °C during grain development, which are considered to represent heat stress for wheat grain development. Hexaploids had the highest grain starch content and the lowest heat susceptibility index, followed by tetraploid and diploid species. The heat susceptibility index (S) for grain starch correlated significantly and positively with that of grain weight (Y = 1.259X ? 0.29, R² = 0.8902, P < 0.001) across wheat species, while the actual grain growth duration or the ‘S’ of grain growth duration did not correlate significantly with that of grain weight. Hence, a high mean grain growth rate under heat stress is a better trait for heat tolerance than long grain growth duration. Wide genetic variability for heat tolerance in grain starch content was observed among the wheat species. Hence, the grain weight and quality under heat stress can be improved by using the variability available among wheat species.     

中国典型储粮生态区低温储粮的优化集成方案

根据储粮生态环境,将我国分为三个典型的低温储粮生态区域,即低温区、中温区和高温区。提出了三个储粮生态区域低温储粮对仓房隔热条件和气密条件的要求及不同地区低温储粮的优化集成方案。低温区最佳的低温储粮模式是:冬季通风降温 夏季隔热 适当控温;中温区最佳的低温储粮模式是:冬季机械通风降温 夏季严格隔热 必要的控温;高温区最佳的低温储粮模式为:冬季机械通风降温或谷物冷却机降温 夏季严格隔热 谷物冷却机降温。同时给出了三个储粮生态区域低温储粮优化方案的工艺流程图。     

利用绿色储粮技术控温保粮的探讨与实践

现浇拱板平房仓最大的问题是仓房隔热性能较差、上下弦板间积热严重,导致夏季仓内温度高、储粮出现＂热皮冷芯＂。持续高温会加速储粮品质劣变,不利于粮食品质保鲜及安全储藏。为此,采用改造平房仓的仓顶隔热层,加盖新型隔热材料、仓库周围种植绿色爬藤植物、利用自然冷源通风散热、少用或不用化学药剂保粮等绿色储粮综合技术,最大限度地减少盛夏仓顶曝晒后的积热,隔热控温,解决粮仓降温问题,延缓了粮温的上升速度,抑制了害虫的生长繁殖和储粮品质的劣变,保证了储粮安全。     

Traits in Spring Wheat Cultivars Associated with Yield Loss Caused by a Heat Stress Episode after Anthesis

Heat stress resulting from climate change and more frequent weather extremes is expected to negatively affect wheat yield. We evaluated the response of different spring wheat cultivars to a post‐anthesis high temperature episode and studied the relationship between different traits associated with heat tolerance. Fifteen spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were grown in pots under semifield conditions, and heat stress (35/26 °C) and control treatments (20/12 °C) were applied in growth chambers for 5 days starting 14 days after flowering. The heat stress treatment reduced final yield in all cultivars. Significant variation was observed among cultivars in the reduction in average grain weight and grain dry matter yield under heat stress (up to 36 % and 45 %, respectively). The duration of the grain‐filling period was reduced by 3–12 days by the heat treatment. The reduction in the grain‐filling period was negatively correlated with grain nitrogen yield (r = ?0.60). A positive correlation (r = 0.73) was found between the treatment effect on green leaf area (GLA) and the reduction in yield resulting from heat stress. The amount of stem water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC) was not related to treatment effects on grain yield or grain weight. However, the treatment effect on stem WSC remobilization was negatively correlated with reduction in grain‐filling duration due to heat stress (r = ?0.74) and positively with treatment effect on grain N yield (r = 0.52). The results suggest that the effect of the heat treatment on GLA was the trait most associated with yield reduction in all cultivars. These findings suggest the importance of ‘stay green’‐associated traits in plant breeding as well as the need for better modelling of GLA in crop models, especially with respect to brief heat episodes during grain filling. There is in particular a need to model how heat and other stresses, including interacting effects of heat and drought, affect duration of GLA after flowering and how this affects source–sink relations during grain filling.     

浅圆仓仓顶自动喷水降温试验

为了缓解夏季高温对仓温及粮温的影响,对浅圆仓仓顶进行自动喷水降温试验,利用水的蒸发带走仓顶热量,以减少外热向仓内热传递,减缓仓温和粮温上升,从而延缓粮食陈化速度,保持粮食原有品质,确保储粮安全度夏,为最终实现绿色储粮创造有利条件。     

冷气囊隔热保冷储粮度夏试验

利用冷气囊隔热粮面保冷度夏,能有效阻止粮温受仓温的影响,延缓粮温上升的速度,隔热效果明显,同时延缓了粮食品质陈化,减少了害虫繁殖,确保储粮安全度夏.     

Remobilization of Nitrogen and Carbohydrate from Stems of Bread Wheat in Response to Heat Stress during Grain Filling

When wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is grown under heat-stress conditions during grain filling, preanthesis stored total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) and nitrogen (N) could serve as alternative source of assimilates. This study was performed to evaluate wheat genotypes for their ability to accumulate and remobilize TNC and N stored in their stem to support grain filling under heat stress. Eighteen genotypes were used for N remobilization study while nine of them were used for TNC remobilization study. They were grown in pots and placed in a vinyl house with the maximum temperature kept below 30 °C. Five days after anthesis (5DAA), half of the pots were taken to phytotrons where temperature was gradually increased and the maximum was set at 38 °C. Grain yield and grain weight decreased by about 35 % under heat stress. Significant differences were found among genotypes in percentage reduction in grain yield, grain weight, grain filling duration and harvest index because of heat stress. The N and TNC concentrations of the stem at 5DAA were significantly different among genotypes. Heat stress significantly reduced the N remobilization efficiency of most of genotypes. However, heat stress significantly increased TNC remobilization efficiency and significant variation were observed among genotypes. N remobilization efficiency across treatments significantly correlated with grain yield, grain weight, harvest index and grain filling duration. TNC at 5DAA negatively correlated with N at 5DAA and harvest index, but the TNC remobilization efficiency under heat stress positively correlated with mainstem grain yield, grain weight and harvest index. The rate of chlorophyll loss from flag leaf positively correlated with N and TNC remobilization efficiencies under heat stress suggesting a link between leaf senescence and remobilization efficiency. The results indicate that heat stress negatively affected grain yield, its components and N remobilization while it increased TNC remobilization because of the increasing demand for resources.     

冷却干燥通风过程中粮仓内热湿耦合传递的数值模拟

基于多孔介质传热传质的理论,建立了一种冷却干燥通风过程中粮仓内热湿耦合传递的数学模型。借助数值模拟的方法,对冷却干燥通风过程中粮仓内温度和水分的变化进行了模拟研究,得到了冷却干燥通风过程中粮堆内部热量传递和水分迁移的基本规律。     

高温锻炼对粒用苋幼苗叶片中可溶性蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶及膜耐热性的影响

探讨了粒用苋幼苗在高温锻炼过程中叶片可溶性蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）及其同功酶的变化规律，以及与叶片细胞膜耐热性的关系。发现叶片膜蛋白在高温下的高稳定性可能是粒用苋耐热的原因之一；ＳＯＤ在热锻炼过程中对维持膜蛋白的稳定，提高膜的耐热性起了一定的保护作用。     

聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料和GR6粮面压盖隔热保冷试验

本试验选用聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料和GR6作为隔热材料进行粮面压盖隔热保冷试验。从试验结果来看：聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料和GR6均有一定隔热保冷作用，GR6的隔热性能略优于聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料。试验表明墙体传热也是促使整仓粮温上升的一个重要原因。另外，本试验还初步分析了谷物冷却后粮堆各个部位粮食温度的变化规律。