冀西北高原不同植被的土壤水分动态变化研究

冀西北高原为高寒半干旱地区,降水是此地区土壤水分的唯一给源,研究土壤水分的动态变化对高效利用降雨有至关重要的作用。研究采用定点观测的方法,对不同植被土壤含水量的动态变化进行了比较研究。结果表明,3种植被生长期内不同土层土壤水分变化存在差异。生长前期,3种植被0￣30cm土层土壤含水量,农田耕翻地最高,水分条件最好,人工草地与退耕还林地互有高低,30￣60cm土层退耕还林地最高,人工草地最少。生长前期,农田耕翻地表层土壤水分较好,能满足春季作物生长要求。生长中期,0￣30cm土层农田耕翻地最低,人工草地与退耕还林地互有高低。30￣60cm土层农田耕翻地最高,人工草地最低。生长后期,0￣60cm土层农田耕翻地土壤含水量最高;人工草地土壤含水量与退耕还林地相比较,0￣40cm土层差异不大,40￣60cm土层退耕还林地高于人工草地。     

烤烟早熟品种PVH19引种试验初报

为研究巴西引进烤烟早熟品种PVH19在云南烟区的品种表现,在云南省16个地点对该品种进行引种试验,各试验点均采取随机区组排列,3次重复。综合引种试验结果,烤烟品种PVH19株式塔型,打顶株高103.5cm,有效叶数20.6片,叶形长椭圆形,茎叶角度中等,主脉中等偏粗,田间整齐度高,成熟性好,田间长势较强;平均大田生育期111.9d,比对照K326短11d;经济性状与对照K326相近;中抗黒胫病和赤星病,抗TMV,烤后原烟颜色桔黄,光泽度适中偏强,油分中等,叶片结构疏松,叶片厚度适中偏薄,外观质量较好,内在化学成分协调。结果表明：烤烟品种PVH19早熟、适应性广、综合抗性好、优质、适产     

温室黄瓜产量和土壤微生物随土壤水分的变化特征

在日光温室盆栽条件下,研究了土壤含水量对黄瓜产量和土壤微生物数量的影响,结果表明：(1)初花期,土壤水分为田间持水量80%~90%的处理土壤细菌数量最多,土壤水分为田间持水量70%~80%的处理和90%~100%的处理土壤细菌数量少,且二者差异不大,黄瓜初瓜期和盛瓜期当从土壤水分低变高时细菌数量增加,相反细菌数量减少,黄瓜生育后期当土壤水分从高变低时细菌数量增加,水分稳定不变或从高变为中等水平或从低变为中等水平时细菌数量减少。土壤真菌数量在土壤水分含量低时和土壤水分相对稳定的情况下增加,相反减少。土壤放线菌在黄瓜初花期和初瓜期各处理数量差异不大,盛瓜期各处理土壤放线菌的数量增加,生育后期多数处理土壤放线菌的数量有所下降。（2）初花期和初瓜期土壤水分为田间持水量的80%~90%、盛瓜期90%~100%、生育后期90%~100%的处理产量最高,为389.65g/株,比整个生育期低水、中水和高水的处理分别增产27.74%、18.21%、12.51%。     

烤烟雄性不育辽烟16号的选育

辽烟16号（品系编号39511）是以MS8021（产量较高,而且高抗TMV,兼抗多种病害,但难烘烤）的为母本,稳定株系3116为父本（优质、易烤但产量较低、抗性稍差）配制而成的雄性不育一代杂交种。多年的试验结果表明,该品种适应性强,田间落黄好,易烘烤;原烟外观质量好,金黄色烟叶较多,油润感较强,化学成分含量适中,各指标比例协调;原烟评吸得分87.5分,结果优于或相当于对照NC89;高抗TMV,抗黑胫病,PVY和赤星病,中抗CMV;全国区试生产试验产量、均价、产值、上等烟比例分别比对照提高16.45%、17.17%、36.68%和4.9个百分点;是一个品质、抗性、产值综合性状兼顾优良烤烟新品种。     

逐日降水量的模拟及其在作物气候风险分析中的应用

利用天气发生器(NCC/RCG_WG)模拟了安阳200年的逐日降水序列,并通过对模拟结果与1961-2000年实测资料的对比分析表明,模拟结果的均值及概率分布与实际值接近,可用于进一步对降水资源与风险进行分析。对棉花与降水关系的分析表明,华北地区棉花生长季降水满足程度较高,平均能满足棉花生长需要。生育初期的6月干旱出现的机率大,7月和8月水分满足程度高但也有少数年份会出现干旱或者涝渍,9月和10月以干旱为主。对于小麦生产,华北地区降水规律与小麦需求不匹配,除10月和11月基本能够满足外,其余各月均不能满足需要,且缺水严重,生长季降水只能满足小麦需水量的1/3,生长关键期的4月和5月的降水量只能满足需水量的20%~25%。华北地区的小麦生产生长季缺水,按目前的播种面积,华北地区小麦生长季年均麦田缺水300亿m3以上。     

温室黄瓜产量和土壤微生物随土壤水分的变化特征研究

在日光温室盆栽条件下,研究了土壤含水量对黄瓜产量和土壤微生物数量的影响,结果表明:(1)初花期,土壤水分为田间持水量80%~90%的处理土壤细菌数量最多,土壤水分为田间持水量70%~80%的处理和90%~100%的处理土壤细菌数量少,且二者差异不大,黄瓜初瓜期和盛瓜期当从土壤水分低变高时细菌数量增加,相反细菌数量减少,黄瓜生育后期当土壤水分从高变低时细菌数量增加,水分稳定不变或从高变为中等水平或从低变为中等水平时细菌数量减少。土壤真菌数量在土壤水分含量低时和土壤水分相对稳定的情况下增加,相反减少。土壤放线菌在黄瓜初花期和初瓜期各处理数量差异不大,盛瓜期各处理土壤放线菌的数量增加,生育后期多数处理土壤放线菌的数量有所下降。(2)初花期和初瓜期土壤水分为田间持水量的80%~90%、盛瓜期90%~100%、生育后期90%~100%的处理产量最高,为389.65g/株,比整个生育期低水、中水和高水的处理分别增产27.74%、18.21%、12.51%。     

Analysis on Wind-induced Dynamic Response of Arched Corrugated Metal Roof

It is generally considered that the seismic response of arched corrugated metal roof is not the control factor of structure design because of its light dead weight, but the wind-induced dynamic response on the structure is significant, so more attention must be paid to it. First, the wind simulation of the structure by AR model is carried out. Then, the TRANS method in the ANSYS is used to calculate the dynamic responses in time domain to compare the results with those in frequency domain in order to verify the validity of the two methods.     

A Difficulty of Symmetrical Stress Model

There is mased differences between experimental and analytical results in the frame of symmetric stress model,when the notable stress gradient exist,or outstanding microstructure is to be considerated,or wavelength is too shorter in dynamic problems. Other difficulty is introduced in linear elastic statics of homogeneous isotropic solid that.The problem is that,neighbor boundaries of a angle domain are subjected to two shear forces not equal each other. The problem is not solved in the frame of symmetric stress model. In the frame of the asymmetric stress and couple stress model in present paper this difficulty is sovlved. It is show that,as the distance from the boundaries increase the solving in the frame of asymmetric stress model tent to that in the frame of symmetric stress model.     

甘肃农村富余劳动力转移的战略模式选择

甘肃是一个农业大省,农村人口占全省人口的70%以上。农民问题始终是甘肃农业发展的根本问题,而农村富余劳动力难以有效转移,是制约解决整个"三农"问题的瓶颈。如何科学地实现农村富余劳动力转移,转移模式是否选择得当,是影响转移的一个重要因素。在分析了国内外农村富余劳动力转移模式的基础上,提出了甘肃在农村富余劳动力的输出转移上应采取的模式,以实现甘肃省农村富余劳动力转移的目的,从而促进甘肃农村经济的快速发展。     

Application of Modern Credit Risk Measurement and Management

A model of credit quantitative measurement and management widely used in foreign countries is introduced, and its limitation which appears while the model is used in China is analyzed. According to the chaos time serials constituted by various period credit grades' transition probability of an enterprise and the average value of its ratio of callback due to breach of faith, applying the theory of the chaos time serials and the local prediction method, a credit grades' transition matrix and a matrix of the average ratio of callback due to breach of faith is established. Which is applied to Chinese enterprises. Thus, a credit risk quantitative measurement and management model which is adapted to commercial bank is established, which is important in theory and practice.     

迷迭香扦插育苗试验初报

迷迭香（Rosmarinus officinalis L.）是唇形花科迷迭香属植物,是一种多年生常绿亚灌木,为观赏及芳香油植物,该植物已成为全球普遍重视的资源植物之一。迷迭香种子发育不良,种子萌发力极低,故通常采用无性繁殖法育苗,在生产中为了降低成本,节约资金,现阶段主要采用扦插法繁殖进行苗木生产。近年来,国内外对于迷迭香精油及抗氧化剂的研究报道及论文很多,但对迷迭香育苗技术报道却较少。开展该课题研究,对迷迭香的育苗技术进行研究,通过试验记载、观察、田间管理,为迷迭香种植提高育苗成效,降低成本,增加农民收入,为中国天然抗氧化剂的生产保障优质充足原料供应,具有重要意义。试验研究在玉溪对迷迭香进行扦插试验。迷迭香分别扦插在基质为菜园土的苗床上、用纸杯装菜园土扦插、在泥炭土:珍珠岩为2:1的基质上扦插,试验结果表明,试验结果表明,春季扦插成活率高,成活时间短,扦插苗生长健壮,在菜园土上扦插成本低,用纸杯装土扦插,成活率95%~99%,且苗生长健壮。在泥炭土:珍珠岩为2:1的基质上扦插结果,嫩梢作插穗在插后8d开始生根,25d全部生根,生根率99.5%。以上各种扦插方法培养的扦插苗移栽成活率均在95%以上,没有明显区别,可见3种方法扦插育苗都具有成活率高的特点,但采取什么方法,以成本和已有的生产材料及技术而定。     

仙游县农田害鼠发生特点与防治技术研究

研究表明,仙游县为农区鼠害重发区,田间优势种为黄毛鼠,农舍优势种为黄胸鼠,防治适期为4—5月和8—9月两个害鼠活动高峰期;化学药物防治是综合防治的主要措施;准确掌握鼠情动态,选择高效、安全杀鼠剂,采用正确的投饵技术,才能取得理想的灭鼠效果。     

河北省土壤硼的含量与分布

河北土壤全硼平均25.9ppm,变幅2—75ppm.用沸水5分钟提取的有效硼平均0.50ppm,变幅0.02—9.38ppm.全省61.8%的耕地有效硼在临界缺乏值(0.5ppm)以下,0.51—1.0ppm中硼耕地占32.5%,>1.0ppm高硼耕地仅占5.7%.土壤硼含量决定于成土母质.在成土过程中数量消长期与成土条件,土壤质地、有机质、碳酸钙、pH等有关.本文讨论了它们之间的数量关系.     

Wavelet Packet Decomposition Based on Entropy Threshold for White-noise Rejection in PD Signal

This paper analyzes the different characteristics of white-noise interference in the signals of partial discharge (PD) after wavelet transform. There is high value in lots of scales for PD and white-noise interference is to zero with increasing scale. The threshold is set for wavelet coefficient in all scales. If the coefficient of signal is higher than the threshold, it is PD signal. Otherwise it is noise interference. A threshold-based wavelet packet transform (WPT) algorithm is put forward to suppress white noise interference in PD signals. The results testifies that it has a favorable adaptability to extract PD signals using WPT.     

Study on Adsorption Characteristics of Coal to Gas in Geophysical Field

It is very important to mine safe exploitation, gas drawing and predict of coal and gas outburst that adsorption characteristics of coal to gas in geophysical field are studied. Adsorption and desorption characteristics of coal to gas in geophysical field have been reviewed in detail, then it is obtained that adsorption characteristics of coal to gas in electromagnetic field should be further studied . Adsorption and desorption characteristics of coal to methane in alternating electric field (AEF) have been studied mainly. Adsorption characteristics of three coal samples in AEF have been studied by means of Volume Method. The result shows that chemical properties and matter constituent of coal surface are no changed , adsorption and desorption of the coal samples in AEF well accord with Langmuir equation and two constants empirical formula, and because coal potential energy is increased and coal temperature is raised caused by Joule heat effect , adsorption ability of coal is decreased, and the desorption process is slowed down in AEF.     

An Application of Continuation Method for Electrical Impedance Tomography in Brain Hematoma Case

It is a significative attempt in medical diagnosis that Electrical Impedance Tomography is used to hematoma monitoring. Since there is great difference in physiological parameters among different persons, among varieties of ill cases, and different tissues, it is important to loosen the limits of initial values of reconstruction algorithm. A new approach named Continuation method is proposed in Electrical Impedance Tomography. In addition, simulating calculation results are given to validate the approach effective.     

Influence of Pile Driving on Soil Resistance in Clay

With the increase of platform size, pipe piles with super large diameter and deep penetration are increasingly used in practice. In order to make accurate prediction of pile drivability, it is essential to evaluate the change of the soil properties under pile driving exactly, and it is the premise to predict the pile bearing capacity after pile driving. In order to learn more about the change of clay properties during pile driving, analysis on the pile driving record of 36 piles in Bohai area is conducted. According to the analysis, the soil resistance in the clay layers decreases as the depth increases, and it is very different from that in the sand layer. The FEM method is used to discuss the mechanism of this decrease. The back analysis is carried out to get more information. The results show that the clay properties are affected by the dynamic effect. The undrained shear strength of clay approximately decreases with the increase of thickness of the layer linearly. At the same time, a prediction is conducted based on results, and the result is closer to the pile driving record than that calculated by method normally used today.     

The Research on Pretreatment and Cycle Stream of Control for CAT and CNC

A new idea "Pretreatment and cycle stream of control" and the scheme to put it into practice is presented. In space region,the circuit is designed to form chain and cycle,and in time region,the program is designed to distinguish the period and the instant.It is ensured that the pretreatment will be finished in the period and there is always a circuit to wait to the triggered at the instant. So the respond speed of the system is almost approximate to that one of trigger circuit.     

Reconstruction on Real-time Data Platform for Production Command Dispatch System

Production command system plays a more and more important role in the modern large scale production. Being limited to realizing technology tool,there is a lot loss in information that is very valuable in the production process.Even it is not stored to the real key data information used for reflecting production sate, therefore it is very difficult to command and dispatch the production correctly. Reconstruction platform related to real-time database is discussed. Taking the background of iron steel industry,based on the analyzing the function characteristic of real-time data requirement of real-time data platform,the paper is explored to the real-time database selecting strategy and so on.     

Mo17抗玉米丝黑穗病的基因效应分析

在人工接种条件下研究了玉米丝黑穗病重要抗源Mo17在不同感病背景下的基因效应差异。两背景下不同世代间玉米抗丝黑穗病程度存在极显著差异，F1和F2的病株率介于双亲之间，偏向与抗病亲本，均无超亲优势，F1与双亲回交，后代的病株率基本偏向于回交亲本；玉米抗丝黑穗病的遗传分别符合六参数和四参数模型，其遗传贡献中主要以加性和显性效应为主，但在黄早四背景下表现为超显性且存在明显的上位效应，而3788背景下加性、显性效应相当，且仅存在加性、显性上位效应；以Mo17为抗病亲本组合的抗病性至少由1对抗性基因控制，估计的基因对数为0.48~1.03。