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阴离子添加剂在过渡干奶期奶牛饲料中的应用 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
奶牛过渡期 [分娩前 3周 (干奶后期 )到分娩后的前 2周 (初产期 ) ]的健康状况对发挥生产性能至关重要。奶牛各种感染性和代谢疾病如产褥热、酮中毒、胎衣滞留、子宫炎和真胃移位等主要发生在这一阶段。在美国大约 7 2 %的高产成年奶牛患有产褥热 (Jordan和fourdraine,1 993 )。大约6 6 %的经产奶牛产犊后患有亚急性低血钙 (Beede等 ,1 992 )。研究表明 ,与正常奶牛相比 ,患有产褥热的奶牛 ,产奶量会降低 1 4% ,产奶期减少三、四年 (Block ,1 984;Curtis等 ,1 984)。因此近年来过渡期奶牛的营养和管理受到… 相似文献
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奶牛围产期是指产前三周(产前21天)至产后两周(产后15天)的时期,这一阶段由于奶牛的免疫力下降。而且组织内的矿物质浓度要求必须稳定在很窄的适宜范围内。因而各种传染性和代谢疾病(如产褥热、胎衣不下、子宫炎、真胃移位、乳房炎等)主要发生在这一时期,不同的调查结果显示。在美国5%~7%的牛只发生产褥热(Jordan和Fourdraine,1993),产奶量降低14%,产奶寿命减少3.4年(Block,1984),66%的奶牛产后患有亚临床型低钙血症(Beede,et,al,1992),每年给美国奶牛养殖业带来1.4亿美元的损失。我国高产牛群中27%以上的奶牛患有产褥热,82%以上的经产奶牛产后患有亚临床型低钙血症,所以为保持奶牛在围产期的健康以期获得理想的生产效益。围产期奶牛的营养及管理改变了以往产前低钙产后高钙的传统饲养理念。实验研究表明,当只有低钙日粮每天提供的钙不超过15克时对预防产褥热才具有非常明显的效果(Goings等,1974),而在现实生产中含钙量如此低的日粮营养师是很难或不可能配制出来的。 相似文献
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<正>奶牛产褥热是奶牛一种常发性产后疾病,临床上以持续性发热为主要特征。现代医学认为可能是由感染所致,还有人认为产褥热是高胎次高产奶牛易发的一种以严重的低血钙为特征的代谢病。中兽医学认为,产褥期内凡以发热为主证,并伴其他症状者都称产褥热[1]。中兽医认为发热之故,非止一端,其病因有:第一,由于正虚则外邪易侵,邪气内郁,外邪与败血相搏而致高热;第二,阳明燥气与瘀血相蒸之候,瘀血内阻,气机不畅,水津不升所致口渴、发热;第三,败血内瘀伤及荣卫, 相似文献
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围产期指的是奶牛临产前15天(围产前期)和产后15天(围产后期)的一段时间,是奶牛饲养管理最关键的时期。这期间奶牛要经历干奶、分娩、泌乳等生理过程,易发生应激反应,免疫力下降易患代谢性疾病(产褥热、产后瘫痪、酮血症、胎衣不下)、消化道疾病(前胃弛缓、真胃变位)、繁殖产科性疾病(乳房炎)等。实践证明,围产期母牛比泌乳中、后期母牛发病率均高。据统计,成年母牛死亡有70%~80%发生在这一时期。围产期的健康决定着奶牛产奶量多少和经济效益的高低。因此,抓好该期的饲养管理,是整个奶牛生产的关键环节。1产前母牛的饲养管理临产前母牛生殖… 相似文献
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<正>围产期(产前3周至产后2周,其中产前3周为围产前期,产后2周为围产后期),是奶牛产奶周期中最为关键的阶段。这一时期奶牛具有以下生理特征:(1)胎儿发育对营养需要的增加,营养过多或不足,都会直接影响胎儿的生长和母牛产后的健康;(2)为分娩和产奶做准备,母牛内分泌状态发生明显改变、干物质采食量减少均会影响奶牛的营养代谢;(3)血钙在产犊前最后几天有所下降;(4)母牛由于妊娠、分娩、泌乳,免疫状况下降,抗病力降低,奶牛常见的各种疾病如产褥热、酮中 相似文献
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阴离子盐是一种新型添加剂,1999年由美国IMC公司首次发明,在我国的商品名为“泰易畅”。主要机理是在产前一定时间内通过补饲阴离子盐,使母牛体内产生低血钙症状,尿液检查pH5.5~6.5(正常为7~8.5)这样使机体反射地动员骨钙进入血液,也就是生产前建立好骨钙动员机制,以避免产后低血钙,防止一系列如生产瘫痪(产褥热)、胎衣不下等代谢疾病的发生。围产期对奶牛来说是疾病的多发期,80%的奶牛疾病发生在围产期。奶牛产前十几天由于雌激素的提高造成食欲下降30%~40%,瘤胃内容物的减少易造成真胃的移位和营养的缺乏,由于胎儿的生长需要动员自身脂… 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2%的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。 相似文献
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