无患子苗期生长参数分析

定量分析了无患子苗期地径、苗高生长规律,并利用Logistic模型对其地径和苗高年生长节律进行拟合。结果表明:无患子1年生播种苗地径和苗高年生长节律可划分为始盛期、速生期、盛末期3个阶段。在始盛期,苗高、地径生长量分别占全年总生长量的21.56%和18.96%;进入速生期后,苗高、地径生长量占全年生长量比例为58.83%、66.90%;进入盛末期,苗高、地径生长量占生全年生长量比例仅19.61%,14.14%。苗木地径、苗高生长量与生长时间均存在着极显著的相关关系,拟合的数学模型可靠性高,可用于指导实际生产。     

番荔枝苗木生长节律及生物量积累

通过对番荔枝苗木生长动态、苗木生物量积累和分配模式研究,建立了苗木的生长模型、连日生长量模型,并据此模型将番荔枝苗木生长进程划分为：生长初期、速生期、缓增期和停滞期。其中,苗高和地径在速生期间的生长量占全年总生长量的67.38％和70.33％。苗木生物量积累与苗高、地径的函数模型关系表明：全株干质量、地上干质量、全株含水量和地上部分含水量与苗高和地径显著相关。番荔枝苗木生长210 d 全株可积累干质量7.39 g,其中地上部分为4.86 g,地下部分为2.53 g,全株含水量是全株干质量的1.68倍。建议根据苗木不同阶段的生长特性提出相应的育苗技术措施。本研究为高效培育番荔枝优质苗木提供了科学依据。     

华北落叶松1年生播种苗生长规律研究

对华北落叶松1年生播种苗苗高、地径、根长生长规律的研究结果表明,利用Logistic曲线方程能够很好的对生长进程进行拟合,相关系数均大于0.95,显著水平达到0.000 1。有序样本聚类分析显示,苗高生长盛期为7月15日~9月15日,地径生长盛期为8月25日~9月25日,根长生长盛期为7月25日~9月25日。     

奥地利黑松苗木根系与地上部分生长关系研究

对引进树种奥地利黑松1年生容器苗根系与地上部分生长关系进行了调查研究。结果表明,奥地利黑松苗高和地径生长量与根系生物量极显著相关。苗高生长量与侧根鲜重关系最密切,地径生长量受根系鲜重影响最大。应用逐步回归法建立了苗高、地径生长量与根系生长关系的最优回归方程。     

鹅掌楸实生苗生长规律研究

对河南大别山引种鹅掌楸1年生播种苗苗高、地径的年生长变化研究表明,苗高、地径的生长规律符合“S”型生长曲线,可用Logistic方程来拟合;采用有序样本聚类分析法划分苗木的生长时期,把生长期划分为4个阶段,即出苗期(5月14日以前)、生长初期(5月15日~7月14日)、生长盛期(7月15日~9月12日)和生长后期(9月13日~11月11日);其中,生长盛期的生长量占年生长量的68.28%。并拟合了苗高、地径生长的回归方程。     

濒危植物白桂木种子繁殖苗年生长规律研究

通过白桂木播种育苗,研究白桂木1年生苗在苗期的生长规律。经定期观测和回归分析,模拟苗木生长与时间的数学模型。结果表明：采用有序样品聚类法将生长期划分为3个时期：生长初期、生长盛期、生长后期,生长盛期生长量占总生长量的60％-70％;用幂函数模型来模拟白桂木1年生苗各生长时期苗高和地径的生长情况的相关系数和拟合度最高。     

俄罗斯花楸1年生播种苗生长调查分析初报

对1年生俄罗斯花楸播种苗苗高、地径的年生长量进行调查的结果表明:1 m2产苗量34～178株,最大苗高114.5 cm,最大地径17.36 mm,总体平均苗高为38.24 cm,地径平均为7.24 mm。初步确定俄罗斯花楸1年生播种苗最适宜密度为60株/m2,在此密度下苗高平均为50.28 cm,地径平均为9.38 mm。苗高、地径和密度相关性显著,苗高与地径呈正相关,相关系数为0.549,苗高、地径与密度呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.242、-0.372,密度越大,苗高、地径越小。     

秃杉容器育苗技术研究初报

通过对秃杉容器育苗和播种育苗的对比试验表明：容器苗平均高、地径生长量比播种苗分别增加30．0％、49．3％，优势苗高达23．3cm。且容器育苗产苗高（300～320株／m2），在当前秃杉种源缺乏的情况下，对节约种子，提高圃地利用率和造林成活率有现实意义。     

观光木一年生苗生长规律研究

采用大田试验方法,对观光木一年生苗的生长规律及其不同播种期对观光木苗木生长的影响进行了初步研究。主要结果是：观光木1年生播种苗高生长分为出苗期、幼苗期、速生期和生长后期4个时期,速生期苗高、地径生长量均达到全年最大,分别占全年总生长量的72．8％和45．3％。冬播与春播对观光木场圃发芽率差异不大,分别为56％和55％,但冬播能提高苗木的生长量和苗木质量。     

伞花木1年生播种苗生长节律研究

为掌握伞花木1年生播种苗的年生长规律,为伞花木苗木的高效培育提供科学依据,本文采用Logistic生长曲线方程对伞花木1年生播种苗的苗高与地径生长进行拟合,相关系数分别为0.995和0.997,均达极显著水平.根据伞花木1年生播种苗的实际观测值建立动态生长模型,并将其播种苗1年生长过程划分为出苗期、生长初期、生长盛期、生长后期.苗高的速生期为6月中旬-8月下旬,地径速生期为6月上旬-9月上旬,地径速生期比苗高速生期提早20 d结束,地径用46.67％的生长时间完成了65.43％的生长量.1年生苗木地上部分粗壮、地下部分具深根性,其根可深达土层32.92 cm处,且侧根数量较多,分布广.     

Season and substrate effects on the first-year establishment of current-year seedlings of major conifer species in an old-growth subalpine forest in central Japan

Seasonal and substrate effects on first-year seedling establishment of major conifer species (Abies mariesii, Abies veitchii, Picea jezoensis var. hondoensis, and Tsuga diversifolia) were assessed in an old-growth subalpine forest in central Japan. Older seedlings (≥1 year) were more abundant on woody debris (WD), such as fallen logs, than on soil. It is known that this preferential seedling establishment on WD is determined by the first-year seedling establishment. The present results indicate that first-summer seedling survivorship clearly contributes to the creation of such seedling–substrate associations, because mortality during the first-summer was greater on soil than WD but that during the first-autumn/winter was not different. Although the standardized mortality rate of current-year seedlings on WD was not so different among the three seasons, that on soil significantly decreased in the winter; indicating that soil is not an unsuitable substrate for seedling survivorship during snow-covered winter. Thus, it can be concluded that biotic and abiotic factors enhancing seedling mortality on soil are most active during summer, and seedling–substrate associations seem to be determined mainly during the first-summer soon after seedling emergence. Furthermore, the first-year survivorship of P. jezoensis var. hondoensis, which has smaller-sized seeds/seedlings that are disadvantageous for early survival, decreased with progressing WD decay toward soil. This suggests that the properties of WD also affect current-year seedling survivorship, especially for species sensitive to substrate properties. In conclusion, initial survivorship affects seedling bank dynamics, and such early dynamics are greatly regulated by the highly heterogeneous substrate availability on forest floors.     

红楠播种育苗试验研究

红楠为中国亚热带常绿阔叶林区,处于Ⅱb层即第二林层b亚层的常绿阔叶乔木树种,在侧方遮阴条件下生长良好,被列为生态公益林树种及园林工程景观绿化树种.对红楠随采随播和芽苗移栽进行试验研究,结果表明:从起苗到移栽的间隔时间限于3h之内;从播种开始到移栽时的芽苗生长期30 d为最佳时间;采用50孔穴盘规格54 cm X27 cm x9 cm(深度),生产红楠小苗,较为合适.     

水曲柳床播不同密度对苗木生长的影响

水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.)是东北地区三大珍贵硬阔叶用材树种之一,也是东北地区的重要造林树种。研究了不同育苗密度对水曲柳床播苗木生长的影响,结果表明,当密度达到100株/m^2时,为最优育苗密度,其苗高、地径、主根长、侧根数、生物量最优,有利于优质壮苗的培育。     

黧蒴栲田间育苗试验研究

对黧蒴栲的种子采集、处理,种子大小、千粒重、优良度及田间育苗方法进行了试验,对其苗木生物量分布及苗高生长规律进行了初步研究。结果表明:7月中旬至9月下旬为苗高生长高峰期,以8月生长最快,期间要加强肥水管理,促进苗木生长;1年生苗高平均63cm,平均地径0.60cm;大于5cmI级侧根数平均11条,根系发达,可出圃造林,但地下部分生物量较小,宜摘除部分叶子后造林以利于提高成活率。     

The unstable fate of seedlings of the small-seeded pioneer tree species, Betula maximowicziana

The dynamics of the seedling population of the pioneer tree, Betula maximowicziana, were studied for 6 years under various site conditions, with special reference to mortality and mortality factors, in order to better understand their seedling bank formation process. We found that current year seedlings suffered high annual mortality of more than 80%, but that mortality fell with age. Canopy covers and cohorts maintained strong influences on seedling mortality during the first 3 years after emergence. The open site with disturbed soil surface was best suited for 3-year seedling survival. Since the seedlings of B. maximowicziana emerged regardless of canopy covers, high seedling mortality was thought to be the main factor that interrupted their regeneration under a canopy. The occurrence of various hazards together caused high seedling mortality. The major mortality factors, regardless of site conditions, were drought, cold hazard and debilitation, though occurrence of the three factors varied, dependent upon the climate of that particular year. Annual mortality and the occurrence of each mortality factor at a fine scale of 0.2 m² quadrate each showed certain spatio-temporal variations within the same site condition. The extremely high mortality of B. maximowicziana seedlings should be attributed to their inherently small, initial size. The poor root system of the small seedlings may be responsible for their low resistance to various hazards, such as drought and frost heaving.     

Effects of seed mass and emergence time on seedling performance in Castanopsis chinensis

Seed mass and emergence time may influence fitness of plants. The experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of seed mass and emergence time on the performance of seedlings of Castanopsis chinensis, a large evergreen tree species with limited tolerance of shade. The treatment consisted of three light regimes: 100%, 15% and 2% of full sunlight. Germination rate and germination time showed a significant correlation with seed mass. Germination rate differed among the three light regimes. Early-emerging large-seeded seedlings in 100% light produced the heaviest seedlings, while those resulting from smaller late-emerging seeds and grown under 2% light regime produced the lightest seedlings. Relative growth rate (RGR) decreased with seed mass in all three light regimes, and seedlings of C. chinensis have a higher RGR in high and intermediate light levels compared to low light. In contrast, the effect of emergence time on RGR was not significant. The growth of C. chinensis seedlings were significantly influenced by seed size, emergence time, and light conditions. For each month, the mean height of seedlings was significantly greatest for large-seeded seedlings and significantly lowest for small-seeded ones, irrespective of emergence time and light conditions. Regeneration success of C. chinensis appears to be regulated by the interactive effect of seed mass, emergence time and light regime.     

安徽省毛竹实生苗造林苗木标准的探讨

以不同规格毛竹实生苗造林3年生试验结果为依据,综合考虑毛竹实生竹苗的生物学特性、生境地区性、苗木优质性、生产可行性、经济许可性、综合代表性等因素,制订了安徽省毛竹实生苗标准。生产实践表明,该标准对促进和提高毛竹育苗技术水平具有较大的激励作用,促进了毛竹实生苗造林质量的不断提高。     

雨豆树播种前预处理对种子发芽和种苗发育的影响

播种前对雨豆树(Albizia saman (Jacq.) F. Muell.)的种子进行了5 种预先处理,研究种子预先处理对种子发芽和苗圃种苗发育的影响。实验是在孟加拉吉大港大学林业与环境研究所的苗圃进行。研究结果表明,在种子末端修剪(处理4)提高种子发芽率50%,在冷水中浸泡24 小时(处理1)提高种子发芽率42%,在开水中浸30 秒后再在冷水中浸泡24 小时(处理2),种子发芽完全被抑制。处理4 和处理1 的种子发芽率、种苗初期形态生长和生物量都明显高于对照组。因此,这2 种播种前的种子预处理方法,可用于提高雨豆树种子发芽率和促进早期壮苗生长。图2 表3 参30。     

不同杨树品系引种苗期生长规律与对比试验研究

本文在怀宁县皖河滩地进行了4个杨树品系：湘林77、80、90和南林95的引种育苗试验，供试面积6．67hm2；2008年5月20日至10月20日，在不同品系杨树苗木中随机抽取一个标准行苗木，每隔15天调查一次地径、苗高，以进行不同杨树品系苗木生长规律与对比试验研究。结果表明：杨树4品系地径、苗高生长均随时间呈线性增加；不同品系苗木地径和苗高生长差异显著，南林95和湘林80表现最佳。     

谈培育高活力苗木的关键环节

苗木是造林的物质基础,苗木质量的高低直接影响更新造林的效果。一般认为,人工林保存率低的原因是苗木质量、造林的环境条件和造林技术等因素。造林用苗的质量对造林的保存率及将来人工林的生长起根本性的影响。由于目前对苗木质量从理论和实际两方面认识都不高,生产中常用低活力的苗木造林。鉴于上述情况,从生理生态学角度着重论述林业苗圃如何培育高活力壮苗的关键环节,以对育苗工作具有借鉴作用。