蓝舌病

蓝舌病张峻峰,杜宗沛,林洪强（黑龙江省兽医卫生防疫站·哈尔滨·１５００３０）蓝舌病（Ｂｌｕｅｔｏｎｇｕｅ）是反刍动物的一种非接触性虫媒病毒传染病,主要发生于绵羊,以发热、白细胞减少,口腔和胃肠道粘膜严重的卡他性炎症为主要特征。由于危害严重,防制困难,...     

绵羊蓝舌病的诊断

自1992年8月中旬以来,山西省交城县西北陆续发现疑似蓝舌病的病绵羊。经过流行病学调查、临床症状、病理剖检和双向琼脂凝胶免疫扩散试验、ELISA及其部分实验室诊断等,确诊本次导致绵羊临床发病,山羊和牛呈隐性感染,血清抗体阳性的病原为蓝舌     

蓝舌病的免疫学

反刍动物感染蓝舌病病病（ＢＴＶ）后可产生多种抗病毒性应答，外壳蛋白ＶＰ２抗体与病毒中和作用有关，并能抵抗同种血清型ＢＴＶ的再感染。所有血清型ＢＴＶ蛋白质表位的抗体是目前血清学论断的基础。细胞介导应答不完全，部分原因是由于ＢＴＶ在单个淋巴细胞上复制，因而病毒介导性细胞溶解抑制了体外胚细胞样转变，反刍动物对ＢＴＶ的免疫力于怀孕中期出现，这表明牛的ＢＴＶ持续性感染发生在子宫感染之后的理论并不成立，并且与     

蓝舌病研究进展

蓝舌病(Ｂｌｕｅｔｏｎｇｕｅ,ＢＴ)又称绵羊卡他热,是一种主要发生于绵羊的非接触性虫媒病毒传染病,以发热、白细胞减少、颊粘膜和胃肠道粘膜严重卡他性炎症为主要特征。本病于1876年首次发现于南非,此后疫区日益扩大,目前已有50多个国家存在血清阳性动物。我国于1979年首次于云南师宗发现该病并分离到蓝舌病病毒(ＢｌｕｅｔｏｎｇｕｅＶｉｒｕｓ,ＢＴＶ)。目前,全国已有云南、新疆、甘肃、陕西、四川等29个省(市)区已检出羊ＢＴＶ抗体,许多省份的牛群中亦发现ＢＴＶ抗体阳性动物[1,2]。1　病原学ＢＴＶ系呼肠孤病毒科环状病毒属蓝舌病亚群…     

欧盟准用饲料药物添加剂使用和管理现状

欧盟允许在饲料和饮水中添加抗菌药和抗球虫药治疗、预防和防治动物疾病。本文收集和整理了欧盟常见的准用饲料药物添加剂清单,说明其适应症和用法用量,并对其授权程序和使用等管理现状进行简单概述,为中国饲料药物添加剂的使用和管理提供借鉴和参考。     

用RT—PCR技术检测蓝舌病病毒的研究

蓝舌病病毒非结构蛋白NS_1基因在各型中具有高同源性,可作为群特异性检测的依据。采用NS_1基因中210bp的区段作为PCR扩增模板,经逆转录酶合成第一股cDNA后,再进行PCR扩增。结果对BTV可扩增出特异片段,而鹿流行性出血病病毒和茨城病病毒则不出现扩增。     

山西省羊蓝舌病防控技术的研究应用

利用分离鉴定的Ⅰ型蓝舌病(BIV、Ⅰ型)地方毒株和16型毒株研制弱毒疫苗，对重点地区实行免疫接种，并用c-ELISA进行免疫监测表明，抗体阳性率高达70．1％。适时提出抓种畜检疫，净化，限制疫点畜群流动，大力开展产地检疫，搞好季节灭蠓，加强环境消毒，布点放置哨兵羊等，建立起一整套动物蓝舌病综合防控技术体系，为控制动物蓝舌病奠定了基础。     

Bluetongue virus infection: Activation of the MAP kinase-dependent pathway is required for apoptosis

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a double-stranded RNA virus that induces apoptosis both in mammalian cell cultures and in target tissues. Based on information that members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family (MAPKs) are mediators of apoptosis, we have examined in detail the MAPK-dependent apoptosis in BTV infection. Previously, we have shown that apoptosis in BTV infection requires the participation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. In addition, we demonstrated that NF-κB is activated and that its inhibition substantially reduces cellular apoptosis. For the first time, here we demonstrated the activation of MAPKs after BTV infection. Moreover, by pre-treatment with MAPK inhibitors, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 MAPK, but not extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), significantly decreased the induction of apoptosis. JNK and p38 activation regulated the cytochrome c released from mitochondria and caspase 3 activation. These results strengthen the understanding of BTV infection and contribute to our previous data confirming that BTV infection induces robust apoptosis in mammalian cells and is likely to play a primary role in BTV pathophysiology.     

应用PCR技术合成生物素化蓝舌病病毒核酸探针的研究

用禽类成髓细胞病毒（AMV）反转录酶将蓝舌病病毒RNA反转录成cDNA,以dATP、dGTP、dCTP、dTTP和bio-11-dUTP作为TaqDNA聚合酶的底物,应用PCR技术合成了生物素化蓝舌病病毒核酸探针,经斑点杂交试验证明,合成的探针为蓝舌病病毒特异性核酸探针。     

用蓝舌病优质琼扩抗原进行ELISA的试验研究

经用125份牛羊血清进行定性定量精确比较和对原用解聚抗原检测过的3020份血清的平行重复试验证明,优质琼扩抗原与解聚抗原在ELISA中检测效果一致,具有等效性。     

蓝舌病病毒单克隆抗体的制备与生物学特性的鉴定

用纯化的蓝舌病病毒(BTV)免疫Balb/c小鼠,取免疫小鼠脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞进行细胞融合,经间接ELISA方法筛选,有限稀释法克隆,获得2株稳定分泌抗BTV特异性单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株(1F5和4E5).其细胞培养上清ELISA效价分别为1:512和1:256,腹水ELISA效价分别为1:512 000和1:128 000.亚型鉴定表明,1F5和4E5分别为IgGl和IgG2a.ELISA结果显示,2株单克隆抗体仅与BTV反应,不与其他相关病毒反应,表明2株单克隆抗体特异性良好.2株单克隆抗体1F5和4E5的相对亲和力指数分别为5.14×106mol/L和6.71×106mol/L.这2株单克隆抗体的获得为建立BTV免疫学检测方法奠定了基础.     

Establishing a cost-effective national surveillance system for Bluetongue using scenario tree modelling

Vector-borne diseases pose a special challenge to veterinary authorities due to complex and time-consuming surveillance programs taking into account vector habitat. Using stochastic scenario tree modelling, each possible surveillance activity of a future surveillance system can be evaluated with regard to its sensitivity and the expected cost. The overall sensitivity of various potential surveillance systems, composed of different combinations of surveillance activities, is calculated and the proposed surveillance system is optimized with respect to the considered surveillance activities, the sensitivity and the cost. The objective of this project was to use stochastic scenario tree modelling in combination with a simple cost analysis in order to develop the national surveillance system for Bluetongue in Switzerland. This surveillance system was established due to the emerging outbreak of Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) in Northern Europe in 2006. Based on the modelling results, it was decided to implement an improved passive clinical surveillance in cattle and sheep through campaigns in order to increase disease awareness alongside a targeted bulk milk testing strategy in 200 dairy cattle herds located in high-risk areas. The estimated median probability of detection of cases (i.e. sensitivity) of the surveillance system in this combined approach was 96.4%. The evaluation of the prospective national surveillance system predicted that passive clinical surveillance in cattle would provide the highest probability to detect BTV-8 infected animals, followed by passive clinical surveillance in sheep and bulk milk testing of 200 dairy cattle farms in high-risk areas. This approach is also applicable in other countries and to other epidemic diseases.     

基于最大熵模型对蓝舌病病毒传播媒介库蠓在中国分布特征的研究

蓝舌病是由蓝舌病毒(BTV)引起的一种非接触性传染病,主要侵害反刍动物,库蠓是蓝舌病毒传播最重要的媒介生物。本研究基于尖喙库蠓地理分布数据及环境数据,利用最大熵生态位模型(MaxEnt)对尖喙库蠓在中国大陆的分布情况进行了预测,并评估了环境变量对尖喙库蠓分布的影响。结果显示,最适合尖喙库蠓生存的地区主要分布在中国的西北和东北部分地区,以及南方的大部分地区;Jackknife分析结果显示,土壤有效水含量(25%)、最冷月最低温(18.1%)、最干月降雨量(18%)、平均最大风速(13.2%)是影响尖喙库蠓分布最主要的4个环境因子,其中最干月降雨量是模型中影响尖喙库蠓分布的最重要环境变量。本研究首次将这种生态位模型用于预测中国库蠓的分布,为蓝舌病的预防控制工作提供参考依据,同时也为库蠓监测管理提供信息。