小麦品质性状与一些生化性状的典型相关及逐步回归分析

选用18个品质差异较大的黄淮海优质小麦产业带国家小麦展示品种,研究出粉率、籽粒硬度、沉淀值、湿面筋含量等品质性状与面粉总蛋白质含量、总聚合体蛋白、大聚合体蛋白含量及比例等生化性状间的关系,旨在探讨小麦育种中利用一些简单、易测的生化指标筛选品质性状的可行性。结果表明,小麦面粉总蛋白质含量、总聚合体蛋白含量和大聚合体蛋白含量3个生化性状对3个品质性状筛选指标即籽粒硬度、沉淀值和湿面筋含量有显著正向作用;逐步回归分析表明,影响籽粒硬度(Y2)、湿面筋含量(Y4)和吸水率(Y5)的关键生化性状是面粉总蛋白质含量(X1)。湿面筋含量与面粉总蛋白质含量间量化关系为Y4=4.3054X1-18.5971,相关系数0.9992,达极显著水平;总聚合体蛋白含量(X2)、大聚合体蛋白含量占总聚合体蛋白含量的百分比(X6)是影响沉淀值(Y3)的两个关键生化性状,其回归方程为Y3=8.2784X2 0.4930X6-54.8929,相关系数0.7498,达极显著水平。本文还就以面粉总蛋白含量、总聚合体蛋白含量、大聚合体蛋白含量代替品质指标用于小麦品质育种的可能性进行了讨论。     

云南普洱茶中多酚类物质与品质的关系研究

实验结果表明,在普洱茶加工过程中茶多酚、儿茶素、黄酮类、荼黄素、荼红素的含量大幅度减少,茶褐素的含量大幅度增加,由2．53％增加为10．57％,它们与普洱茶感官得分的相关方程为Y=93．8930-0．4047X1-0．0654X2—5．4336X3—71．4532X4＋1．2114X5＋1．2761X6,复相关系数R^2=0．985;普洱茶的级别与茶多酚、儿茶素、黄酮类、茶黄素、茶红素、茶褐素的含量也密切相关,相关方程为：Y=73．6346＋3．4281X1-54．9145X2-4．5225X3＋164．0906X4＋7．2507X5＋1．9839X6,     

灰斑病所致大豆品质与产量损失的研究

采用不同病叶、病粒,对大豆灰斑病所致大豆品质和产量的影响进行了研究,结果发现:灰斑病直接影响大豆叶片全N含量及籽粒氨基酸与蛋白质含量.叶片中的全N含量随病情加重而减少,病粒中17种氨基酸总量、蛋白质和脂肪含量与病叶一样也随病情加重而递减.灰斑病引致的大豆产量损失与病粒率和籽粒病指相关密切,与病粒率的相关系数为0.9723,与籽粒病指的相关系数为0.9763.根据相关系数建立两个方程,用(Y)=-0.1890 1.4063X10.7993(X1病粒率)和(Y)=2.6034 1.338X2(X2病指)可预测大豆由灰斑病病粒引致的减产量,用n'=Int[(YBL×100-8)]/(5 1)可预测当年大豆的等级,并以EL=YM×(1-YLL)×PWn'预测经济损失.     

基于通径分析的不同等级红茶与化学成分相关性研究

为科学分析红茶内含成分与等级间的相关性,采用通径分析法,计算全氮量(X1)、水浸出物(X2)、茶多酚(X3)、咖啡碱(X4)、游离氨基酸(X5)、粗纤维(X6)与茶叶等级(Y)间的通径系数及间接系数,明确影响茶叶等级的主要内含成分,并建立回归方程.结果表明:红茶内含成分与等级间的相关系数均达到显著水平(P<0.05),...     

大豆灰斑病流行强度预测模型研究

大豆灰斑病是一个多循环病害,叶、荚病情田间流行曲线均呈"S"型,(Y)1=C/1 ea-bX公式进行曲线方程拟合,拟合方程均达到显著水平.根据荚病指(x)与病粒率(y)的相关建立了荚病指与病粒率的直线回归方程,感病品种Y=3.2 0.8890X,抗病品种Y=1.223 0.7669X.根据病粒率与气象因子的相关关系建立了早熟品种和中晚熟品种灰斑病粒率预测多元回归方程,早熟品种(Y)1(%)=-0.38-0.3889X1 0.7726X2 0.7070X3,中晚熟品种(Y)2(%)=-7.08-6.37×10-2X1 1.405X2 2.694X3.预测方程在一个农场运行结果,预测病粒率与实际调查的病粒率十分接近.     

粳稻稻米食味仪测定值与理化指标的关系

为研究食味仪测定的稻米食味值与理化指标之间的关系,用日本佐竹公司生产的食味仪（RCTA-11A）测定了48份粳稻稻米的食味值,利用DPS统计分析软件,对稻米食味值与理化指标之间的关系进行了分析。研究结果表明,食味值与糙米率、精米率、整精米率、垩白粒率、垩白度、透明度、蛋白质含量、质量指数之间的简单相关系数以及食味值与精米率、长宽比、透明度、直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量之间的偏相关系数均达到显著水平,其中以食味值与蛋白质含量的简单相关系数和偏相关系数最大,分别为-0.795＊＊和-0.788＊＊。食味值与理化指标之间的回归方程为Y=78.46＋0.29X2＋2.79X4-10.97X5-1.52X8＋0.61X11-3.84X12（X2、X4、X5、X8、X11、X12分别为精米率、粒长、长宽比、透明度、直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量）。通径分析表明,蛋白质含量对稻米食味值的影响最大,其次为透明度和长宽比。并对粳稻稻米食味的遗传改良和选择策略进行了讨论。     

小麦粉溶剂保持力与籽粒硬度及蛋白质含量的关系

为了探讨小麦粉溶剂保持力(SRC)与籽粒硬度及蛋白质含量之间的相关性,选用19份小麦品种为试验材料,分别对不同生态地点下的小麦粉SRC、籽粒硬度和蛋白质含量进行了测定.结果表明,籽粒硬度与小麦粉水SRC、碳酸钠SRC和乳酸SRC间相关达1%显著水平,相关系数分别为0.8518、0.7453和0.8523,与蔗糖SRC间相关不显著;蛋白质含量与蔗糖SRC、乳酸SRC间相关达5%显著水平,相关系数为0.5545和0.5206,与水SRC及碳酸钠SRC间相关不显著.多元逐步回归分析表明,在小麦粉4种SRC中,籽粒硬度能够解释乳酸SRC变异的72.6%,蛋白质含量能够解释蔗糖SRC变异的30.7%,回归方程分别为Y(Hardness)=1.814X(LASRC)-120.242和Y(Protein content)=0.081X(SSRC)+3.363.参试材料在不同地点的品质指标与所有地点品质指标平均值间极显著正相关,其中合肥点与品质指标平均值之间总体相关程度较高;不同地点间小麦粉4种SRC极显著正相关,差异表现存在一致性.     

杂交中籼稻年度间产量波动与气象要素的相关性分析

为探索各气象要素对杂交中籼稻年度间产量波动的影响程度,以1990-2015年湖北省中籼稻区域试验产量资料及武汉、荆州、襄阳气象站的气象资料为依据,分析了各气象要素与杂交中籼稻年度间产量波动的相关性。结果表明,各种气象要素影响产量波动从大到小依次为7-8月累计日照时数、累计蒸发量和日平均地温,其他气象要素的影响相对较小。7-8月累计日照时数与水稻产量间的相关系数为0.5977,达极显著水平;偏相关系数为0.6870,达到极显著水平。7-8月累计日照时数(X7)对产量(Y)有最大的直接正效应(X7→Y=1.0879),可导致杂交中籼稻年度间产量波动幅度为27.0%。     

水稻条纹叶枯病的为害损失及防治指标

2004-2006年在浙江北部系统地调查了水稻条纹叶枯病发病动态和为害损失。单季晚稻秧田期介体灰飞虱有效虫量（X2）与水稻株发病率（Y1）的关系式为Y1=0.0873 + 1.0757X2,晚稻本田株发病率（X）与产量损失率（Y）总关系式为Y=0.1254+0.7551X。在现有生产条件下,经济允许水平以损失率表示为2.0%~2.5%,制订了水稻条纹叶枯病防治指标为水稻秧苗期和本田前期介体灰飞虱有效虫量2~3头/m2,该指标已在生产上大面积推广应用。     

小麦核质杂种主要性状遗传参数的研究

采用数量遗传学的统计方法,对8个稳定的节节麦胞质的普通小麦核质杂种的株高等8个性状的平均数、变异系数、广义遗传力、表现型相关系数、基因型相关系数作了估算。结果表明,（1）各性状变异系数较大的是有效分蘖数、株粒重、穗长和穗粒重,其它性状变幅较小;（2）各性状广义遗传力由大到小顺序为:株高、穗长、小穗数、千粒重、穗粒重、株粒重、有效分蘖数和穗粒数;（3）表现型相关与基因型相关趋势一致,其中穗长与穗粒数和株粒重、株粒重与株高和千粒重、有效分蘖数与株粒重和小穗数显著相关。这些结果与前人用普通小麦作试材的研究结果基本一致。据此,可认为普通小麦选育理论同样适用于核质杂种。     

新麦草种子产量与繁殖性状的关联性分析

为了解新麦草的种子产量及繁殖性状间的关系,对27份新麦草种质资源的单株种子产量与7个产量性状的关联性进行了分析。结果表明,新麦草的单株生殖枝数、穗轴节数、单穗小花数和千粒重与单株种子产量关联最密切,其相关性表现为单株生殖枝数＞千粒重＞穗轴节数＞单穗小花数。经通径分析,单株生殖枝数（X₁）对单株种子产量（Y）直接效应最大,其余依次是单穗小花数（X₄）、单穗小穗数（X₃）、千粒重（X₇）、穗轴节数（X₂）和单穗结实种子数（X₅）,其中单穗结实种子数和结实率对种子产量均表现为负效应,且未达到显著水平。经逐步回归分析得到回归方程Y= -9.880 2+0.27X₁+0.012X₄+2.011 1X₇（R=0.805 8,P<0.001）,说明提高单株生殖枝数、千粒重、单穗小花数对新麦草增产的贡献最大,增加结实率也可间接提高新麦草的单株种子产量。     

Partial least-squares regression study of the effects of wheat flour composition,protein and starch quality characteristics on oil content of steamed-and-fried instant noodles

Steamed-and-fried instant noodles represent a fast growing product category; however, concern has been raised about high residual oil content by both consumers and manufacturers. To understand how wheat flour characteristics affect the oil content of instant noodles, samples of five Iranian hexaploid landraces, five US/Canadian samples, and seven local commercial wheat flours were analyzed for composition, protein and starch quality, and noodle-making quality. Partial least-squares regression (PLS) analysis between composition, protein quality properties and wheat starch gel properties (independent variables, X) and oil content of instant noodles (dependent variable, Y) resulted in a model that could explain 76.3% of the variability with a cross-validated correlation coefficient of 58.2%. PLS regression coefficient analysis showed that protein content and protein quality were the most important factors, and were negatively correlated with oil content of instant noodles. Starch quality properties, gel hardness, gumminess and chewiness as well as pasting properties were other important contributors. Starch gel hardness, gumminess and chewiness were positively correlated with oil content of instant noodles, while pasting properties were negatively correlated.     

西北地区种植密度对夏播沈爆3号产量和品质的影响

在西北地区夏播条件下,以沈爆3号为试验材料,在不同密度下对其产量、品质及生理指标进行研究。结果表明,沈爆3号适合高密度种植且适应密度范围较大,密度在82 500株/hm²时产量最高,达3 915.17 kg/hm²;最大叶面积指数和最大叶绿素值分别出现在97 500株/hm²和52 500株/hm²密度处理;高密度条件下,最大叶面积指数出现的时期较晚,持续时间较长,叶绿素含量变化也较为平缓;高密条件下较大的叶面积指数降低了因叶绿素含量下降而对产量造成的负效应,即降低了高密条件下源对于产量的限制;沈爆3号平均叶向值LOV为11.5,在品种改良上具有很大的上升潜力;建立产量和生理指标最优回归方程为：Y=490.280 6-7.836 0X₂+7.505 5X₃（R²=0.999 9,X₂为叶绿素SPAD值,X₃为叶向值）。在夏播条件下,沈爆3号膨爆率、膨爆倍数分别为96.29%和23倍,分别比春播低1.07个百分点和27.97%。玉米花中淀粉、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、赖氨酸平均含量分别为51.94%、10.30%、6.97%和0.24%。     

Modeling the tensile strains of non-uniform fibers

The maximum strain experienced by the thinnest segment of a non-uniform fiber governs fiber breakage, yet this maximum strain can not be obtained from a normal single fiber test. Only the average strain of the whole fiber specimen can be obtained from a normal single fiber tensile test. This study has examined the relationship between the average strain, the maximum strain and the degree of fiber non-uniformity, expressed in coefficient of variation (CV) of fiber diameters along fiber length. The tensile strain of irregular fibers has been simulated using the finite element method (FEM). Using this method, average and maximum tensile strains of non-uniform fibers were calculated. The results indicate that for irregular fibers such as wool, there is an exponential relationship (i.e.ɛ _ave ɛ _max=ae ^{−b CV} ) between the ratio of average breaking strain and maximum breaking strain (ɛ _ave ɛ _max) and the along-fiber diameter variation (CV). The strain ratio decreases with the increase of the along-fiber diameter variation.     

Physical properties of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds

Physical properties of Salvia hispanica L. seeds were investigated and their application was also discussed. Physical properties were assessed for white and dark seed separately, except for the angle of repose and static coefficient of friction, which were determined for the seed mixture. The mean moisture content was 7.0% (dry basis). The average for the three characteristic dimensions, length, width and thickness was 2.11, 1.32 and 0.81 mm for dark seeds and 2.15, 1.40 and 0.83 mm for white seeds, respectively. The bulk density, true density and the porosity were between 0.667 and 0.722 g cm⁻³, 0.931 and 1.075 g cm⁻³, and 22.9 and 35.9%, respectively. The equivalent diameter ranged from 1.32 to 1.39 mm. The volume of single grain and sphericity ranged between 1.19 and 1.42 mm³, and 62.2 and 66.0%, respectively. The geometric mean diameter ranged between 1.31 and 1.36 mm for dark and white chia seeds, respectively. This parameter could be used for the theoretical determination of seed volume and sphericity. One thousand seed mass averaged 1.323 g for dark seeds, and 1.301 g for white seed. The angle of repose varied between 16° and 18° whereas the value of static coefficient of friction was 0.28 on galvanized sheet and 0.31 on mild steel sheet.     

二穗短柄草CCCH型锌指蛋白基因家族成员的鉴定和分析

CCCH型锌指蛋白基因以基因家族的形式存在,在信号转导调控、形态发生和逆境应答等诸多生物学过程中起着重要作用。为给该基因的克隆及功能研究提供参考信息,本研究针对二穗短柄草的基因组序列,运用多种生物信息学方法在全基因组范围对CCCH型锌指蛋白基因进行了鉴定分析。结果表明,二穗短柄草共有61个含CCCH基序的蛋白质,它们的基因 DNA序列全长825~13 288 bp,内含子数量0~13个,编码区全长498~4 944 bp,编码165~1 007个氨基酸;共检测到145个CCCH基序,以C X₈ C X₅ C X₃ H和C X₇ C X₅ C X₃ H最为常见;基因不均等地分布在5条染色体上,其中2号染色体分布最多,有21个,5号染色体分布最少,仅4个;系统发育分析表明,61个成员可分为8组。     

玉米基因型磷效率与相对根系性状的最优回归模型及育种学启示

以33个不同玉米基因型为材料,在低磷和高磷两个供磷水平下,分析玉米基因型磷效率与多个相对根系性状的关系,建立最优回归方程。结果表明,相对总根重和相对须根数对磷效率的回归系数显著,建立磷效率与相对总根重和相对须根数二者的最优回归模型为Y=-0.224-0.576X₂+1.780X₃,R²=0.880(p<0.05);相对表层根重对磷效率的回归系数显著,建立磷效率与相对表层根重的最优回归模型为Y=-0.235+1.136X1,R²=0.653(p<0.05);相对须根数和相对表层根重可以作为培育高磷效率玉米基因型的改良目标性状。     

Optimization of the solid state fermentation process to obtain tempeh from hardened chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.)

Solid state fermentation (SSF) represents a technological alternative for a great variety of cereals and legumes, orcombination of them, to improve their nutritional quality and to obtain edible products with palatable sensorial characteristics. The objective of this work was to find the best conditions of fermentation temperature and time to obtain tempeh from hardened chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) applying SSF. Response surface methodology(RSM) was applied over three response variables (phytic acid, in vitro protein digestibility and available lysine) to find best conditions of fermentation to carry out the process. A central composite experimental design with two factors [X₁ = temperature (31–36 ^°C) and X₂ = time (48–72 h)] in five levels (2 factorials,2 axial, I central) was used. Spores from Rhizopus stolonifer were suspended in distilled water (1 ×10⁶ spores/mL) and used as starter. According to regression models, minimum and maximum levels of the response variables were 1.24–2.66 mg phytic acid/g ofsample DM, 77.6–83.5% in vitro protein digestibility and2.18–4.63 g available lysine/16 g N. The superposition ofcontour plots of each one of the response variables allowedresearchers to find, graphically, the best conditions for the SSF process: 35.8 ^°C for 42.7 h.     

河西内陆灌区粮饲通用玉米超高产栽培优化农艺措施研究

采用4因素5水平二次通用旋转组合设计,探索河西内陆灌区粮饲通用玉米超高产栽培优化农艺措施,研究密度(X1)及氮肥(X2)、磷肥(X3)、钾肥(X4)主要栽培因子对耐密抗倒玉米正德305产量的影响,建立产量与4个因素之间的回归数学模型.通过模型解析寻优表明,4个因素对玉米产量效应的主次为氮肥＞密度＞钾肥＞磷肥,且密度和氮...