黑光灯诱及性诱对甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾的测报应用

[目的]探讨黑光灯诱及性诱在甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾测报中的应用效果。[方法]在太仓市多年开展黑光灯诱及性诱对甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾的预测预报,分析2种诱虫方式的诱杀效果。[结果]黑光灯诱和性诱2种方式诱量都集中在8、9月,与2种害虫主害代发生期吻合,诱量与发生程度之间呈一定正相关。[结论]对于甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾,采用黑光灯诱和性诱均能有效开展测报,并且方法简单、实用,值得在蔬菜产区大力推广。     

斜纹夜蛾性引诱剂在测报和防治上的应用研究

利用黑光灯和性引诱剂诱测斜纹夜蛾,探讨其在测报上的应用,并在花生大田开展了应用斜纹夜蛾性引诱剂诱杀成虫的试验,取得了良好的效果.     

不同组份性信息素对甜菜夜蛾的诱集效果

文章从不同组份配比的性信息素在蔬菜田诱集甜菜夜蛾的诱集效果,筛选出最适合本地使用的信息素,为准确预测虫害发生趋势,提供了较为便捷和科学的方法。     

斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾性诱剂诱虫效果试验

2013年在和县进行2种斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾性诱剂大田诱捕效果比较试验。结果表明,不同性诱剂诱虫效果差异显著。北京中捷四方生物科技有限公司生产的斜纹夜蛾性诱剂的平均单诱捕器诱蛾量显著高于宁波纽康生物技术有限公司生产的斜纹夜蛾性诱剂,而在甜菜夜蛾性诱剂的比较试验中,宁波纽康生物技术有限公司的诱芯优于北京中捷公司。     

张家港市不同测报工具对甜菜夜蛾的监测比较

甜菜夜蛾是重要的蔬菜害虫,一直以来张家港市对甜菜夜蛾成虫的测报均采用性诱和灯诱相结合的方式,对2005—2016年12年间2种不同诱测工具对甜菜夜蛾的诱集数据进行分析,对年诱蛾量、种群监测的始末期和有效天数、气象条件等多个因素进行分析,得出甜菜夜蛾发生的一般规律,同时比较认为,性诱测报在诱蛾量、动态趋势、有效天数等方面均优于灯诱测报,而两者结合能够相互补充,更好地发挥测报效果。     

性诱导和黑光灯在甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾测报上的应用效果比较

在大葱田设置甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾性诱剂进行成虫诱测,并与黑光灯诱测进行比较。结果表明：性诱剂下的诱测效果明显好于黑光灯,诱蛾总量是黑光灯的5．39～96．71倍,且峰次突出,有蛾天数多,能有效提高两虫监测和预报的准确性。     

甜菜夜蛾在佛甲草上的发生及防治

介绍了甜菜夜蛾危害佛甲草时的生物学特性，以及珠江三角洲地区气象因素、食料和天敌对该虫影响，提出了防治甜菜夜蛾的建议。     

甜菜夜蛾无公害防治研究

田间使用杀虫灯、糖醋液、性诱剂3种不同成虫诱杀技术防治甜菜夜蛾,结果表明性诱剂对成虫的诱杀效果优于杀虫灯,杀虫灯的效果优于糖醋液。通过田间小区试验,15%安打、24%美满和20%杀铃脲悬浮剂对甜菜夜蛾具有理想的控制效果,防效达到90%以上。     

性诱剂诱杀甜菜夜蛾试验

为了提高对危害日趋严重的甜菜夜蛾的控制效果,我们进行了性诱杀田间防效试验,结果发现,使用性诱剂诱芯对甜菜夜蛾具有明显的诱杀效果。     

斜纹夜蛾性诱剂2种诱芯田间诱蛾效果

2007年7～9月在江苏省如东县进行斜纹夜蛾性诱剂2种诱芯诱捕斜纹夜蛾的田间试验,结果表明：科标2号和科标0号诱芯每日每盆分别诱蛾4.76头和2.20头,差异达显著水平（P〈0.05）。     

性信息素用于蔬菜害虫的预测预报和发生规律研究

小菜蛾Plutella xylostella、斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura、甜菜夜蛾Spodpptera exigua是蔬菜上的重要害虫。小菜蛾主要为害十字花科蔬菜,斜纹夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾除为害十字花科蔬菜外,还严重为害豆类、瓜类、茄果类等几百种作物。20世纪90年代以后,由于耕作制度不断更新,蔬菜露地和设施栽培面积逐年扩大,这3种害虫的发生期不断延长,为害日趋严重。通过田间普查虫口密度进行发生期预测预报耗时耗力,难以推广。而利用天然或合成的性信息素进行诱虫,不仅可以^[1,2]。本文利用国外引进的性信息素,研究上述3种害虫在慈溪的发生规律和预测预报。     

对甜菜夜蛾高毒力苏云金杆菌的分离及生物测定

从山野和田间土壤样品中分离得到苏云金杆菌62株.经镜检发现,这些菌株的伴孢晶体多数呈菱形(79.0%).初步的生物测定结果表明,62株菌株中对小菜蛾、斜纹夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾的致死率超过90%以上的菌株分别有44株、8株和6株.其中CAB109、CAB110、CAB116和CAB162这4株菌株对上述3种害虫都表现出高活性.将其稀释成1.0×107cfu/mL后进一步生物测定的结果,CAB109菌株对甜菜夜蛾的毒性最高,死亡率达100%,比已经商品化的NT0423农药高15%.血清型鉴定发现,CAB109菌株的血清型为H7,属aizawai亚种,而其余3种血清型全部为H3abc,属kurstaki亚种.对害虫的毒性和血清型都表明,CAB109菌株是防治甜菜夜蛾非常有潜力的优良菌株.     

甜菜夜蛾在甘蓝田空间分布型及序贯抽样技术研究

田间调查结果表明 ,甜菜夜蛾幼虫在甘蓝田为聚集型分布 ,在田间的基本成分为个体群 ,聚集分布的原因是由于作物长势不同引起的。当t=1 96 ,允许误差D =0 2时 ,甘蓝田最大理论抽样量为 196株 ,以推荐防治指标单株有幼虫 0 1头时的序贯抽样的上、下限为 :T0 =0 1N± 0 84 2 0N。     

玉米纹枯病发生规律及防治技术

通过对玉米纹枯病发生规律及防治技术研究,结果表明,玉米纹枯病产量损失与病情严重度级别之间存在着显著正相关。一般苗期很少发病,喇叭口期至抽雄期始病,抽雄期开始扩展蔓延,灌浆期至成熟期病情垂直发展最快,是危害的关键时期。初侵染源为越冬菌核及病残体。品种间发病差异明显,目前生产上应用的毕单３号、毕单４号、赫单４号等属中抗品种,丰产性好,结合及时摘除病叶、病鞘以及对重病地块在抽雄载井岗霉素,可作为防治措施     

Development of a high-efficiency sex pheromone formula to control Euproctis pseudoconspersa

The tea tussock moth (Euproctis pseudoconspersa) is one of the most destructive chewing pests in tea plantations and causes a serious allergic reaction on the skin of tea plantation workers. The sex pheromone components of its Japanese population were first identified as 10,14-dimethylpentadecyl isobutyrate (10Me14Me-15:iBu) and 14-methylpentadecyl isobutyrate (14Me-15:iBu), with a stereogenic center. Only 10Me14Me-15:iBu has been identified in the Chinese E. pseudoconspersa population. However, field tests have shown that 10Me14Me-15:iBu cannot meet the demand of effective pest control in China. To develop a high-efficiency E. pseudoconspersa sex pheromone formula, electroantennogram (EAG) recordings of (S)- and (R)-enantiomers of 10Me14Me-15:iBu and 14Me-15:iBu were obtained in the present study. The results demonstrated that the EAG responses of male antennae to (R)-enantiomers were significantly higher than responses to the (S)-enantiomers, and 14Me-15:iBu also elicited EAG activity. Field tests showed that the catch numbers of male moths by (R)-enantiomers were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of (S)-enantiomers. Addition of 14Me-15:iBu significantly increased the catch numbers of both the (S)- and (R)-enantiomers. The efficient pheromone formula containing 0.75 mg (R)-10Me14Me-15:iBu and 0.1 mg 14Me-15:iBu showed significantly higher attractiveness than commercial pheromone products. Our study demonstrated that (R)-10Me14Me-15:iBu was the major sex pheromone component of E. pseudoconspersa, and 14Me-15:iBu might be the minor sex pheromone component. Furthermore, a high-efficiency sex pheromone formula for E. pseudoconspersa control was defined in this study.     

2002年宝鸡市小麦冬锈病暴发流行原因分析及防治对策

小麦条锈病是一种典型的借气流高空远距离传播的流行性病害,自1991年小麦条锈病在陕西省宝鸡市大面积发生以来,该病害已成为影响小麦生产安全的主要病害之一.2002年条锈病又暴发流行,使我市小麦生产受到了严重危害,全市损失小麦产量1.62万t.为了从中取得治理经验,现总结分析如下:     

Brain factor control of sex pheromone production in the female corn earworm moth

Sex pheromone production in the female corn earworm moth Heliothis zea is controlled by a hormonal substance produced in the female's brain. It is present in the brain in scotophase as well as photophase, but it is released into the hemolymph to stimulate pheromone production only in the scotophase. The stimulatory activity was also detected in the brains of male corn earworm moths and of other moths.     

昆虫性信息素在防治果树害虫上的应用

利用昆虫性信息素进行果树害虫测报和防治,具有操作简便、高效、无残毒、不污染环境、不会引起害虫产生抗药性、对人畜安全等优点。介绍昆虫性信息素在古田县果树害虫上的应用方法,包括虫情监测、迷向法及诱杀法。     

叩甲科昆虫性信息素研究及应用

应用昆虫性信息素进行害虫监测和防治是害虫综合治理重要措施之一.金针虫是一类重要的地下害虫,食性杂,危害隐蔽,成虫期是其唯一暴露的时期,利用叩甲性信息素是金针虫种群动态监测和防治的重要手段.该文对叩甲科昆虫性信息素的提取、分离鉴定及应用现状进行了综述,以期对中国在叩甲性信息素的研究提供一定参考.     

A larval specific OBP able to bind the major female sex pheromone component in Spodoptera exigua(Hübner)

Odorant binding proteins(OBPs) in insects are postulated to solubilize and transport the hydrophobic odorants across the hydrophilic antennal lymph to the olfactory receptors(ORs) located on the dendrite membrane of the sensory neurons. OBPs in adult insects have been intensively reported, but those in larvae are rarely addressed. In our study, a full-length OBP c DNA, namely Sexi OBP13, was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE strategy from the heads of Spodoptera exigua larvae. The quantitative real-time PCR(q PCR) measurement indicated that Sexi OBP13 was highly expressed in larval head, but very low in other parts of larva and was not detected in any tissues of adult. The binding affinities of Sexi OBP13 to plant volatiles and female sex pheromone components were measured by competitive binding assays. Interestingly, Sexi OBP13 displayed a high binding affinity(Ki=3.82 μmol L–1) to Z9,E12–14:Ac, the major sex pheromone component of S. exigua, while low affinities to the tested host plant volatiles(Ki27 μmol L–1). The behavioral tests further confirmed that Z9,E12–14:Ac was indeed active to elicit the behavioral activity of the third instar larvae of S. exigua. Taken together, our results suggest that Sexi OBP13 may play a role in reception of female sex pheromone in S. exigua larvae. The ecological significance of the larvae preference to the adult female sex pheromone was discussed.