THE SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF NUTRIENT CONTENTS IN MANCHURIA ASH-DAHURIAN LARCH MIXED STAND

StUdiesontheundeopundsboctUfCofmanchurianash-dahurianlarchmixedstandrevealedthatseveralrowsofmanchurianashtreesnearestdahurianlarchbelthaveobviouschangesofrootSindistribution,densityandgrowthtCndenCy.Numerousrootsofmanchu-rianashgrowtowardthelarchbelt,indicatingthattherewerefavorableconditionsfOrtherootstogrowinthelarchbelt.ThedahurianlarchtrCesmusthaveimprovedtheenviron-mentinsomeaspect.STUDYSlTESStUdysitessitUatedinHeilonaiiangProv-ince,mainlyinDongxingForestFarmofKe-dongcounty,wes…     

MANCHURIAN ASH SEED BANK AND SEEDLING RECRUITMENT

To understand the natural regeneration of manchurian ash and the seed banks undervarious secondary stands,we have investigated the seed quantity and vitality of major trees in theground floor of the stands.in natural secondary stands and dahurian larch plantations with seedsourcc of manchurian ash around them,the vital seed numbers of valuable trees(mono maple,manchurian ash,amur linden,manchurian linden,manchurian walnut)are 20933/ha and18000/ha respectively.The numbers of manchurian ash seeds are 110OO/ha and 12133/harespectively.It has been found that litter affects the seedling recruitment of manchurian ash.Whenthe seeds were sown on the litter and under the litter respectively,the final seeding recruitment rateswere 17.9 and 28.9％ respectively.The peak of seedling recruitment in the former case occurred oneyear later.     

脱落酸对低温胁迫下水曲柳幼苗叶片抗寒生理指标的影响

以3a生盆栽水曲柳幼苗为试材,喷施不同浓度的脱落酸,喷后第1d、5d、10d和15d分别采集带叶枝条测定常温和低温胁迫后幼苗叶片质膜相对透性、SOD、POD、可溶性糖含量、水溶性蛋白质含量的变化。进行自然条件下季节性低温处理试验,以验证人工低温试验中所得结论。研究结果表明：10mg／L浓度的ABA增强水曲柳幼苗抗寒性的作用效果最好,能显著降低电导率,显著提高蛋白质含量、SOD活性、POD活性。但对可溶性糖含量的影响无明显变化。30mg／L浓度的ABA预处理有一定的作用效果,但高浓度的60mg／LABA预处理对于增强水曲柳幼苗抗寒性出现了一定的抑制作用。在自然低温条件下,10mg／L浓度的ABA预处理增强水曲柳幼苗抗寒性的作用效果最好,高浓度的无显著作用。     

Growth effect of Manchurian ash in mixed stands

lntroductionThepIantingofFraxiusm8ndShurfoabeganatShangzhi,Kedong,YianandFujincountiesofHei-longjiangProvincein196o'.Ash(hainusmand-shurica)andlarch(LarisgmehnI),AshandKoreanpine(PinuskoraiensiS)mixedstandwereremainednow,whichwereartificial,orformedbyplantingAshatterpIantingpureconiferousforest,orinducedbyestablishingeffectareainnaturalashforest.TherearemanyreferencesonthegrowthofashmixedstandinChina.Butinthepast,thestudyoftherela-tionshipbetWeentheincreasinggrowthofmixedstandwithdiffe…     

我国落叶松人工林土壤肥力研究现状及改善措施的研究

落叶松为华北地区高山针叶林带中的主要森林树种.随着我国经济的快速发展,对木材的需求量加大,落叶松人工林种植面积持续增加.目前,由于其林分结构不合理、林分密度过大,出现了林地土壤肥力持续下降,并引起了林木生长量的下降等问题.本文综述了目前我国落叶松人工林土壤肥力的研究现状及改善措施,并指出一是通过自然干预可以大大减少人力...     

几种天然耐腐材在腐朽过程中化学成分的变化

本文分析了山槐、暴马丁香、黄檗、水曲柳等心材样品在腐朽过程中的主要化学成分变化。试验结果表明,上述心材对彩绒革盖菌Cv和密粘褶菌Gt具有很强的抗腐力,而对照样品的山杨却不耐腐。这个事实反映了在这些树木的心材中含有抗菌成分。     

Structure of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) natural regeneration in the ‘Jata'' reserve in Poland

Over the last 20 years, investigations have been carried out to determine the influence of various ecological factors on silver fir natural regeneration in highlands and mountains. However, there has been little research on the structure and development of fir regeneration in lowlands. Results of this study indicate that three main stand characteristics play a very important part in the structure of fir regeneration in the lowland. The results revealed that the quantity, frequency and growth rate of fir regeneration were affected by site conditions. One of the most important ecological factors differentiating quantity and quality of fir regeneration was the proportion of fir in a stand. It was found that, with an increase in the percentage of fir in a stand, the quantity and the sum of heights and the sum of height increments of fir regeneration tends to increase. Results of this study showed that the number and development of fir regeneration were influenced by species composition of a stand; fir regenerated not only in pure fir stands but also in mixed forests. A positive influence of pine and birch canopy on initiation and development of fir regeneration was confirmed. Optimal conditions for the growth and development of fir with respect to species composition were found in mixed fir stands with an admixture of hornbeam. In contrast, results of the study suggest that the worst conditions for fir regeneration were found in the stands composed of species, such as ash, alder, oak, aspen, lime and spruce.     

阿什河流域不同林分类型枯落物持水能力研究

对阿什河流域10种林分类型枯落物持水能力进行了测定,结果表明:阿什河流域各种林分类型枯落物现存量在5.96~16.59 t.hm-2,其中以红皮云杉人工林最高,天然杂木林最低,呈现出针叶林大于阔叶林的规律。枯落物最大持水率和有效持水率均以天然水曲柳林最高,樟子松人工林最低。变动范围分别在291.12%~405.00%和225.52%~325.14%;最大持水量和有效持水量分别在19.80~58.29 t.hm-2和15.07~46.15 t.hm-2,其中均以兴安落叶松人工林最高,人工大青杨林最低。最大持水量和有效持水量均为针叶林大于阔叶林。     

Effect of wood ash fertilization on soil chemical properties and stand nutrient status and growth of some coniferous stands in Finland

The effects of wood ash or wood ash plus nitrogen (N) fertilization on soil chemical properties, needle nutrient concentrations and tree growth were studied in five coniferous stands, aged 31–75 yrs, after 5 and 10 yrs. In each experiment 3 t ha^?1 of loose wood ash was applied to three replicated plots (30×30 m). In three of the experiments 120–150 kg N ha^?1 was applied together with the same wood ash (WAN). These three experiments also included a stand-specific fertilization (SSF) treatment, which consisted of 120, 150 or 180 kg N ha^?1. Five years after wood ash or WAN application the pH increase in the humus layer was 1–1.7 pH-units and in the 0–5 cm mineral soil layer 0.3–0.4 pH-units. The increase was approximately the same 10 yrs after application, and was also associated with an increase in pH in the 5–10 cm mineral soil layer. Wood ash or WAN significantly increased both the total and extractable calcium and magnesium concentrations in the humus layer on all the sites. Wood ash or WAN had an increasing effect on the boron concentrations, but a decreasing effect on the manganese concentrations in the needles. Wood ash had no significant effect on the volume growth. The trees on the WAN plots grew as well as or slightly better than those on the SSF plots.     

Long-term effect of wood and peat ash on the growth of Pinus sylvestris on drained peatland

The effect of ash fertilization on height growth and volume production of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was studied on oligotroph peatland in southeast Norway. In the year 1944, plots 15 m × 15 m size were fertilized with 0, 4, 7, and 10 tons ha^?1 of wood or peat ash. The area was treeless, but a satisfactory number of pine seedlings were present. All measurements were confined to the central inner plot, 10 m × 10 m area. Most plots were re-fertilized with 10 tons of wood ash ha^?1 in the year 1993. Wood ash had higher content of nutrients, and generally, it had greater growth enhancement effect than peat ash. When the amount of ash was increased, volume production significantly increased for the age period 38–50 years and the total production at age 50 years. The mean annual increment during the first 50 years was about 6 m³ ha^?1 for the plots applied with 10 tons of ash ha^?1. Trees on plots fertilized with 7 or 10 tons in 1944 and replenished with 10 tons ha^?1 at age 50 years (1993) had a mean annual increment of 14 m³ ha^?1 for the stand age period 51–68 years. Over time some tree roots from control plots and plots fertilized with 4 tons ha^?1 have captured nutrients from richer plots. Such effect is to a smaller extent relevant for treatment 7 tons. It is concluded that the content of mineral nutrients of wood and peat ash makes these ashes well suited as fertilizers on peatland.     

笑山林场天然阔叶混交林资源现状

对新青林业局笑山林场的天然阔叶混交林进行了抽样调查,在树种组成方面对物种丰富度、树种组成指数、树种单调度、群落均匀度等指标做了详细的分析,采用倒J形曲线对林分的株数和径阶进行了拟合,同时利用理查德方程对林分的生长情况进行模拟得出结论：现有天然阔叶混交林阔叶多,针叶少;低价树种多,珍贵树种少;分布不均匀;主要树种的连年生长量呈现下降趋势,林木生长缓慢,生长潜力不大。应该对其进行人为的抚育更新,调整树种组成和林分结构,构建以针叶为主的针阔异龄复层混交林。     

小兴安岭阔叶红松林林分结构与修复

小兴安岭阔叶红松林（Pinus koraiensis）是地带性顶极植被.本文以黑龙江丰林国家级自然保护区阔叶红松林为研究对象,系统分析小兴安岭阔叶红松林林分类型分布的斑块和年龄特征、垂直分布特征,论证郁闭度对红松群落数量、幼林生长群落的影响,阐述不同林分类型对红松天然更新的影响、上层林冠抚育对红松幼树的影响、上层林冠抚育强度对红松生长的影响.结果证明：透光抚育为红松提供了良好的生长空间,上层抚育可显著提高林冠下红松幼树的高生长、地径生长和保存率,提出了小兴安岭阔叶红松林生态修复的策略.     

三种木材阻燃剂的对比研究

通过处理三组不同密度的水曲柳,对比研究了BL-环保阻燃剂和市场上两种木材阻燃剂的渗透性及阻燃性等。结果表明,BL-环保阻燃剂在阻燃性、抑烟性方面优于另外两种阻燃剂;在渗透性和吸湿性方面居中;而在对木材力学性能的影响方面不如其他两种阻燃剂。     

STUDY ON RELATIONSHIPS AMONG SEEDLING QUALITY AND SURVIVAL RATE, STOCKING PERCENTAGE AND GROWTH

Seedlingqualityisoneofthemostimportantfactorsinfluencingonthesurvivalrateandstockingpercentageinafforestationespecially,thequalityofseedlingmakesgreateffectsonthegroWthofdiameterandheightdirectlyincultivatinghighyieldandfastgrowthplantation.korqanpine,mongolianscotspine,dahurianlarch,koreanspruce,manchurianash,anurcorktreeandanurlindenaremainbroadleafandconiferousspeciesforwoodinNortheastofChina.Thisisbecausethatthesespeciesnotonlyhavegoodtimberqualityandfastgrowth,butalsohavehighereconomicva…     

解除休眠水曲柳种子的再干燥贮藏

以解除休眠的水曲柳种子为材料,研究种子再干燥脱水贮藏的可行性。结果表明:已解除休眠的种子在室温条件下进行再干燥是可行的,干燥处理后种子的萌发率和平均发芽时间没有明显变化;但在5℃条件下再干燥是不可行的,干燥后种子萌发率、发芽指数显著下降,平均发芽时间明显延长。已解除休眠的种子在室温条件下再干燥处理后贮藏16个月内种子的萌发率没有显著变化,但随着贮藏时间的延长种子发芽指数显著下降,平均发芽时间显著延长。已解除休眠水曲柳种子再干燥贮藏后使用KT、GA3和乙烯利处理对种子的萌发都没有明显的促进作用。     

生长季水曲柳树干液流密度的特征

应用热扩散技术测定帽儿山不同径级水曲柳样木生长季的树干液流,初步分析和对比优势木、中等木和被压木树干液流密度的特征及季节变化趋势。结果表明,水曲柳树干液流密度变化具有明显的昼夜节律性,中等木液流密度变化呈单峰曲线,被压木液流密度变化曲线近似梯形,优势木液流密度变化呈弧形曲线,水曲柳中等木液流密度明显大于被压木和优势木。不同天气条件下液流密度日变化规律大不相同,阴雨天液流密度值较小且变化曲线十分不规则,波动性较大,甚至出现多峰曲线。生长季,优势木和被压木日液流通量最大值均出现在7月初至8月耒,分剐为1032．481／（m^2·d）和l063．78I／（m^2·d）;中等木液流通量最大值出现在6月初至6月末,为2260．911／（m^2·d）;优势木和被压木日液流通量最小值出现在9月份,中等木日液流通量最小值出现在生长季未期。,随季节推移,生长季各月份液流密度均值基本逐渐减小,进入生长季末期（10月）基本处于微弱渡动状态。水曲柳优势木和被压木6月份和9月份液流密度平均值均小于中等木,7月份和8月份液流密度月平均值非常接近;中等木液流密度平均值6月份最大,优势木和被压木的液流密度最大月均值出现在7月份,     

云南森林在地史中的存在与演化

在记述古代云南森林发展概貌的基础上,依据＂唯象理论＂诠释了云南森林的演变架构。云南森林在地史中的发生与发展状况表明：在古生代泥盆纪发生了孢子植物组成的原始森林,用x0来表示,由裸子植物-树种组成的＂针叶林分系统＂,发生在中生代的侏罗纪,用x1来表示,而由被子植物-树种组成的＂阔叶林分系统＂,则发生在新生代的第三纪,用x2来表示。当云南的环境演变为＂垂直气候带＂状态时,则保留着＂针叶林分系统＂和＂阔叶林分系统＂,这是近代的＂云南森林＂现象。依杨振宁教授提出的＂唯象理论＂可将今天的＂林学结构＂分成四层,从一到二到三到四。近代的＂云南森林＂基本现象所表述的是由裸子植物-树种组成的＂针叶林分系统＂和由被子植物-树种组成的＂阔叶林分系统＂。从一个很广但不一定很深的领域提炼出＂针叶林分现象＂和＂阔叶林分现象＂,从其＂林分现象＂即＂唯象＂着眼,归纳出云南森林的＂针叶林分系统＂的生态环境和生长规律,又归纳出其＂阔叶林分系统＂的生态环境和生长规律。＂林分现象＂与＂森林现象＂之间的关系,既是归纳的,又是推演的,这就把＂森林现象＂按逻辑推演常用的方法一分为二。此森林的基本现象是从一变到二,而二跟三是要变成更深的＂理论结构＂;可用逻辑斯谛方程来表达云南森林的＂针叶林分系统＂和＂阔叶林分系统＂形成的更深的理论结构。最后的从三到四,则是把这些理论结构变成一个数学的语言,而用马尔科夫过程来刻画云南森林的状态转移概率。     

Water holding effect of subalpine dark coniferous forest soil in Gongga Mountain, China

由于土壤性质和腐殖质含量的不同,土壤的含水量并不能很好地说明是否适宜植物的生长。本研究以土壤PF(表示土壤的水分状态,与植物的生长发育有密切关系的数值)为主要研究依据,将土壤含水率和PF联系起来,定量研究了贡嘎山地区亚高山暗针叶林不同演替阶段土壤的含水率与PF值之间的相互作用关系。研究结果表明:①在相同的PF时,随着暗针叶林演替的进展,土壤腐殖质层的含水率逐渐增加,即过熟林>成熟林>中龄林>幼龄林。②随着土层深度的增加,土壤容重增加,含水率减小,但各植被演替阶段之间土壤含水率差异并不显著。③植被不同演替系列主要是通过提高其土壤有机质含量,改善土壤结构,降低土壤容重和增加土壤毛管孔隙度等土壤物理特性,改善土壤的蓄水和持水性能。④本区暗针叶林土壤腐殖质层涵养水源作用最为明显。图1表2参15。     

落叶松水曲柳纯林与混交林根际土壤中养分浓度的变化

在落叶松水曲柳纯林与混交林中,采集林地土和根际土,测定了氮、磷、钾浓度,目的是探讨养分条件变化在混交林增产上的作用。结果表明:混交林林地土全氮浓度和水解氮浓度与水曲柳纯林相近,但要高于落叶松纯林。水曲柳在混交林中根际土全氮和水解氮浓度与纯林中的相近,而落叶松在混交林中根际土水解氮浓度明显高于纯林中的。混交林林地土全磷和全钾浓度与两个树种的纯林相差不大。混交林林地土有效磷、有效钾浓度均高于水曲柳纯林,而且水曲柳在混交林中根际土的有效磷和有效钾浓度与纯林中的相比明显增加,分别高出44.1%~79.6%和13.5%~25.6%。这说明水曲柳在混交林中磷和钾的利用状况得到了改善。表2参15。     

GROWTH EFFECT OF DAHURIAN LARCH-MANCHURIAN ASH MIXED FORESTS

STUDYAREAANDareTH0DThestUdyareawasatthecompatheentllofXinkenIllWorkingUnitinchoershanExPenmentalForestFann,NortheastF0restryUniversity.Dunngthespnngofl967,Dahu-nanlarchwasplantedintheleftlandofsecon-daryf0rest.Beforeorafterplanhng,mal1yMancl1tlrial1ash,e1l11withwhitebarkandsolneotherbroad-leavedtLreesinvadedandgrewwell.NowManchunanashandDahu-nanlarchn1ixedforestshavebeenf0n11ed,inwhichManchurianashisdolninant.lnl984,2Pen1lanentplotsweresetupwiththeslzeof0.O6hnl',facil1gsoutheast,…