尕力巴牛在榆中的夏季育肥试验

[目的]为了开展尕力巴牛在榆中县的适应性研究。[方法]从甘南州夏河县引进20头尕力巴牛,分别以尾菜青贮料和以全株玉米青贮料为粗料开展了为期100天的育肥试验,通过增重性能、屠宰性能及肌肉营养价值测定。[结果]表明：育肥期日增重分别为0.85 kg和0.71 kg,屠宰率分别为53.11%和56.36 %,牛肉pH值正常,肉色鲜艳,保水性能强,肌肉较韧,粗蛋白含量平均为22.035 %,肌内脂肪1.085 %,育肥经济效益显著,[结论]说明在榆中县进行尕力巴牛夏季育肥是可行的。     

安犏牛与牦牛设施化养殖技术试验研究

通过采用犏牛、牦牛犊牛培育技术结合设施化养殖技术,研究不同的饲养方式对犏牛、牦牛生长发育、增重效果及屠宰率的影响,研究结果表明,采用犊牛培育技术,6月龄犏牛公犊牛和牦牛公犊牛的体高、体斜长、胸围、管围都有不同程度的增长,体重也明显增加,与对照组相比,差异显著(P<0.05);采用设施化养殖技术,犏牛设施组的总增重及平均日增重显著高于牦牛对照组,差异显著(P<0.05);牦牛设施组、犏牛对照组和犏牛设施组的总增重及平均日增重显著高于牦牛对照组,差异显著(P<0.05)。犏牛设施组胴体重及净肉重分别为138.27±3.17kg和113.29±2.87kg,屠宰率和净肉率分别为58.47%和47.91%,犏牛设施组屠宰率和净肉率显著高于犏牛对照组,差异显著(P<0.05);牦牛设施组胴体重及净肉重分别为99.09±2.35kg和79.83±1.91kg,屠宰率和净肉率分别为57.46%和46.29%,与牦牛对照组和犏牛对照组相比,牦牛设施组和犏牛设施组的屠宰率和净肉率显著高于牦牛对照组和犏牛对照组,差异显著(P<0.05)。采用犏牛、牦牛犊牛培育技术结合设施化养殖技术,犏牛、牦牛的生长发育速度显著提高,总增重、日增重、屠宰率和净肉率显著高于传统放牧条件下的犏牛和牦牛。     

不同品种尕力巴犊牛育肥效果观测

[目的]文章旨在为甘南州尕力巴犊牛的育肥提供科学的依据。[方法]以牦尕力巴犊牛、普通黄尕力巴犊牛和改良黄尕力巴犊牛为素材,对0~6月龄犊牛分5个阶段进行放牧兼舍饲育肥,[结果]表明:牦尕力巴犊牛与普通黄尕力巴犊牛相比,初生体重二者无显著差异(P0.05),但1月龄~5月龄体重二者差异极显著(P0.01),6月龄体重二者差异显著(P0.05);牦尕力巴犊牛与改良黄尕力巴犊牛相比,初生~6月龄体重差异极显著(P0.01);普通黄尕力巴犊牛与改良黄尕力巴犊牛相比,初生~5月龄体重二者差异不显著(P0.05),6月龄体重二者差异显著(P0.05)。[结论]说明普通黄力巴犊牛和改良黄尕力巴犊牛0~6月龄育肥效果好于牦尕力巴犊牛,而普通黄尕力巴犊牛和改良黄尕力巴犊牛育肥效果差别不大。     

尕力巴牛夏季育肥试验

[目的]为了开展尕力巴牛在榆中县的适应性研究.[方法]从甘南州夏河县引进20头尕力巴牛,分别以尾菜青贮料和以全株玉米青贮料为粗料开展了为期100 d的育肥试验,通过增重性能、屠宰性能及肌肉营养价值测定.[结果]表明:育肥期日增重分别为0.85 kg和0.71 kg,屠宰率分别为53.11％和56.36％,牛肉pH值正常...     

优质尕力巴牛生产模式及肉品质分析

[目的]研究旨在探索不同种尕力巴犊牛肉用、营养品质。[方法]选择两品种各10头作为试验组,育肥期后屠宰并测定分析肉品质各项指标。[结果]不同品种尕力巴犊牛肉品质之间无显著性差异(P%0.01)。[结论]尕力巴牛和牦牛肉营养品质相似,具有高蛋白、低脂肪、矿物质含量丰富等特点,是优质肉品资源。     

甘孜州四个绵羊群体的屠宰性能及肌肉品质研究

为了摸清四川省甘孜藏族自治州绵羊群体的生物学特性,选择了玛格绵羊、勒通绵羊、贡嘎绵羊和扎溪卡绵羊等群体,每群体随机选择周岁公、母羊各10只,共计80只,进行屠宰,测定相应的屠宰指标及肌肉品质指标。结果表明：1)玛格绵羊公、母羊周岁体重分别为19.96±4.05kg和15.63±2.84kg,扎溪卡绵羊分别为38.13±6.30kg和32.33±5.06kg,勒通绵羊分别为32.27±4.85kg和26.41±5.2kg,贡嘎绵羊分别为34.17±4.11kg和25.52±2.24kg; 2)玛格绵羊周岁公、母羊屠宰率分别为45.15±2.69%和45.61±1.98%,净肉率分别为34.51±2.07%和33.72±1.79%,贡嘎绵羊屠宰率分别为45.00±1.10%和44.64±3.95%,净肉率分别为33.91±1.56%和31.81±3.48%,勒通绵羊屠宰率分别为47.02±1.72%和47.80±2.31%,净肉率分别为35.95±1.37%和36.07±2.68%,扎溪卡绵羊屠宰率分别为46.69±0.95%和46.68±2.44%,净肉率分别为35.77±2.73%和3...     

西杂牛与雷波本地黄牛育肥对比试验

本试验对5头14～16月龄F1代西杂公牛和5头雷波本地黄牛公牛进行了150d育肥,结果显示:F1代西杂公牛平均日增重达0.872±0.106kg,屠宰率为54.9%,净肉率为43.95%;雷波本地黄牛日增重达0.521±0.101kg,屠宰率为46.8%,净肉率为36.71%。F1代西杂公牛比雷波本地黄牛公牛日增重提高67.4%,屠宰率和净肉率分别提高8.1%和7.24%。     

生长期戴云山羊屠宰性能研究

选取8只生长期戴云山羊(约8月龄)进行屠宰测定和肉品质评定。结果显示:生长期戴云山羊平均宰前活重、胴体重、净肉重、屠宰率、净肉率分别为15.06 kg、6.73 kg、4.93 kg、44.61%、32.67%。表明生长期戴云山羊具有较高的屠宰率和净肉率,表现出较好的产肉性能,肉质各项指标均处于正常范围内。     

辽育白牛与5品种(杂种)肉牛屠宰性能对比试验报告

为了测试辽育白牛的屠宰性能,并与辽宁地区其他主要品种(杂种)肉牛进行比较,辽宁省牛育种中心开展了屠宰试验。试验测得辽育白牛的主要屠宰性能指标为:育肥12个月、育肥16个月时屠宰,宰前活重分别为(561.8±82.1)kg和(664.8±30.5)kg;胴体重分别为(328.9±41.6)kg和(396±20.7)kg;净肉重分别为(278.05±36.7)kg和(339.2±21.9)kg;优质切块重分别为(180.8±23.6)kg和(215.7±15.6)kg;高档牛肉重分别为(50.2±7.4)kg和(58.1±6.7)kg;屠宰率分别为58.6%±1.7%和59.6%±1.4%;胴体产肉率分别为84.5%±1.2%和85.6%±1.4%;净肉率分别为49.5%±1.1%和50.9%±1.8%,优质肉率分别为65.4%±1.4%和63.6%±1.3%;眼肌面积分别为(78±11.2)cm2和(96.4±8.8)cm2;背膘厚分别为(0.65±0.2)cm和(0.73±0.3)cm。结果表明,和其他品种(杂种)肉牛相比,辽育白牛具有较高的屠宰性能指标,并且遗传性能稳定,具备较高的种用价值。     

不同青贮饲料对尕力巴牛生产性能及血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究不同青贮饲料对尕力巴牛生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响。随机选取健康状况良好、体重相近的尕力巴牛10头,平均分为2组,每组分别饲喂尾菜青贮和玉米青贮饲料,预试期15 d,正式试验期90 d,在试验期结束后采集尕力巴牛的血液及肉样进行测定。结果显示：尾菜青贮的粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗灰分(Ash)和钙含量显著高于玉米青贮(P<0.05)。胴体重和日增重在两组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);与玉米青贮组相比,尾菜青贮组尕力巴牛剪切力及眼肌面积均显著高于玉米青贮组(P<0.05),屠宰率、熟肉率和失水率在两组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);尾菜青贮组尕力巴牛血清中葡萄糖、尿素和白蛋白含量显著高于玉米青贮组(P<0.05),其他各项血清指标差异均不显著(P>0.05)。可见,与玉米青贮饲料相比,尾菜青贮饲料可以提高尕力巴牛生长性能和肉品质,具备在反刍动物中推广应用的价值。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …