禽霍乱的流行与发生

禽霍乱又叫禽巴氏杆菌病或禽出血性败血症,是由禽多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的接触传播的烈性传染病.鸡、鸭、鹅等家禽和所有的鸟类都可感染.各种年龄的家禽都有易感性,常表现为急性败血症和急性下痢等症状,也有呼吸道感染.多杀性巴氏杆菌在腐败尸体和潮湿的土壤中则可存活数月之久,禽巴氏杆菌的抵抗力足以使之能够借助污染的蛋盘、饲料袋、运料车辆和鞋子等进行传播扩散.禽霍乱需采取综合防制措施,严格执行疫场禽霍乱免疫程序.办养禽场,禽种应单一,绝不要混养其他禽种,实行隔离饲养和全进全出制度.免疫和预防可用当地或本场分离的禽巴氏杆菌自制禽霍乱组织灭活苗及猪源抗禽霍乱血清.推荐使用2种禽霍乱弱毒苗,一是禽霍乱弱毒菌苗安全性好而且免疫力产生早,二是引进的克莱姆森大学(CU)菌苗,对鸡、鸭、鹅均安全无害,尤其适宜于产蛋期中的蛋鸡(鸭)和种鸡(鸭)群使用,而且免疫效果好.     

如何防治禽霍乱

禽霍乱是由巴氏杆菌引起的鸭、鸡、鹅和火鸡的一种急性败血性传染病.又称禽巴氏杆菌病、禽出血性败血病.此病在农村和养禽场均较常见,对养禽业的发展威胁很大.临床症状(1)潜伏期本病自然感染的潜伏期为4-9天,但亦有报道在引入病鸡后48小时即爆发此病的.人工接种通常在24-48小时左右发病.     

试论鸡常见细菌病的诊断与治疗

正目前,鸡是我国家禽养殖业中的主要种类之一,可为养殖户带来比较可观的经济收益。但在养殖过程中,细菌病却非常常见,如鸡霍乱、鸡白痢、鸡大肠杆菌病等。若这些细菌病没有及时进行治疗,很容易引发其他疾病。因此,本文主要对鸡常见细菌病的诊断与治疗进行分析与介绍。1 禽霍乱1.1 发病原因禽霍乱又叫做巴氏杆菌病,是由多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的一种传染病,主要通过被污染的饲料或水感染。多出现在环境污染比较严重和设备及条件比较简陋的小型鸡场。多发     

鸡鸭同感染禽巴氏杆菌病的诊治

禽巴氏杆菌病又名禽霍乱、禽出血性败血病,它是由巴氏杆菌引起的鸡、鸭、鹅、火鸡等禽类一种急性败血传染病.禽巴氏杆菌病多有发生,对养禽业危害很大.这是一起典型的鸡鸭同时感染禽巴氏杆菌病例,特将诊治情况报告如下,供同行参考:     

一起鸡、鹅共患禽霍乱的诊治报告

禽霍乱,也称巴氏杆菌病、禽出血性败血症,是由多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的分布广泛的家禽和野禽传染病,是当前危害农村养禽业发展的主要传染病。本病可以感染多种禽类,鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽、火鸡均可发病,多种野禽也能感染。在鸡多见育成鸡和成年产蛋鸡多发,鸡只营养状况良好、高产鸡易发。桦川县四马     

蛋鸡新城疫与禽霍乱混合感染的病原鉴定

为了及时正确诊断鸡新城疫和禽霍乱混合感染,试验通过流行病学调查、临床症状检查、病原分离鉴定及致病性试验等对规模化养鸡场的3起自然发病病例进行了确诊。结果表明:经涂片镜检、细菌分离培养、生化试验、动物接种确诊该批鸡患有禽霍乱,并从病鸡上分离得到禽多杀性巴氏杆菌;结合流行病学、临床症状、病理解剖变化、病原分离、鸡胚病变特征、分离病毒回归动物试验、血凝试验(HA)、血凝抑制试验(HI)证明,鸡群中广泛流行的疫病为鸡新城疫,其病原为鸡新城疫病毒。     

禽巴氏杆菌病的诊治

禽巴氏杆菌病又称禽出血性败血症或禽霍乱,是由禽多杀性巴氏杆菌感染引起的烈性细菌性传染病,对养禽业危害极大。1发病情况及临床症状 2002年4、5两个月,在库尔勒市及周围共诊断108个病例,分离出巴氏杆菌的有48例,其中蛋鸡18例,肉鸡19例,肉杂鸡5例,三黄鸡6例,群体大小由500只至5000只不等,日龄范围在3日龄至18月龄之间,每日最高死亡率在0.3％～0.7％之     

禽霍乱综合防制刍议

禽霍乱综合防制刍议盛佩良，陈遵金，陈家祥，林昌玉１．禽霍乱及其病原的特点与特性１．互禽霍乱又叫禽巴氏杆菌病或禽出败，是由禽多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的一种接触传播的烈性传染病。鸡、鸭、鹅等家禽和所有的鸟类都可感染。各种年龄的家禽都有易感性，性成熟的鸡对禽霍乱...     

一例散养鸡最急性禽霍乱的诊治

禽霍乱又叫禽出败,由多杀性巴氏杆菌引起,呈急性、出血性、败血性病症.禽霍乱对鸡、鸭、鹅等多种家禽和鸟类都有易感性.在鸡群中常呈散发和地方性流行,多发生于成年鸡.我县哈尔套镇张某家饲养散养鸡4500只,6月1日送检死鸡5只.经过剖检确诊为最急性禽霍乱,诊治报告如下：     

禽源多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离及生物学鉴定

为了研究江苏及其周边地区近期引起禽霍乱的多杀性巴氏杆菌分子流行病学特点,对送检病例进行细菌分离,使用PCR方法鉴定多杀性巴氏杆菌分离菌株的荚膜血清型和多位点序列分型,并对其进行药敏试验。结果显示,从暴发禽霍乱病例中分离出的12株细菌,皆为荚膜血清型A型的多杀性巴氏杆菌,其序列型为ST-129。在此基础上进行的药敏试验结果显示,12株多杀性巴氏杆菌对丁胺卡那霉素、氟苯尼考和多粘菌素B均敏感;但对卡那霉素、链霉素和强力霉素等表现不同程度的耐药性。因此,引起江苏及其周边地区暴发禽霍乱的多杀性巴氏杆菌序列型为ST-129,给禽类免疫全价细菌灭活苗可能是较好的防控措施。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.