为中国奶业的科学、和谐和持续健康发展服务——新年寄语

“风雨送春归,飞雪迎春到。”倏忽间。又一年过去了。 在过去的一年里,中国奶业克服了饲料和原材料涨价、行业效益下滑的困难。锻炼了队伍。整合了牛群,提高了素质,增加了持续发展的潜力：见证了“南京宣言”的郑重承诺,整饬了乳制品市场秩序,宣扬了诚信经营理念,营造了公平竞争环境：有力反击了“牛奶有害论”,澄清了一度混淆的视听,     

旧抽油杆检测技术的改进与应用

为解决原有旧抽油杆检测技术存在的弊端,本文提出了抽油杆检测技术的改进方法。改进后的旧抽油杆检测,采用了全封闭式直燃加热技术,降低了能耗,提高了清洗质量;采用了新型的常温清洗工艺,降低了设备故障,提高了生产效率;实现了全自动卸扣技术,提高了检测能力,消除了安全隐患;采用了通过式全自动杆体探伤工艺,提高了设备稳定性和修复水平;增加了全自动杆头清洗装置,提高了生产效率,降低了劳动强度。     

高档肉牛直线育肥技术

1肉牛直线育肥的优点 一是缩短了生产周期,较好地提高了出栏率。二是改善了肉质,满足了市场对高档牛肉的需求。三是降低了饲养成本,提高了肉牛生产的经济效益。四是增加了草场的载畜量,可获得较高的生态效益。     

北疆冬景

冰天雪地的北大荒,让人听了都心冷胆寒,望而却步。可长年生活在这里的北大荒人天天和冰雪打交道,却'打'出了交情,难舍难分,赖以生存了。若离开了冰雪,他们的生活就失去了多趣和神奇,失去了诗情画意。用北大荒人的话说:'若没有冰雪,就像失去阳光和空气一样,没法活了!'何以这样说?走进他们的生活,就能窥豹一斑了。     

中国有机畜禽产业发展现状、问题对策及展望

近几年来,有机畜禽产业在中国得到了迅速发展,但在发展同时也遇到了很多问题。本文系统地介绍了中国有机畜禽产品的概念和起源,阐述了中国有机畜禽产业发展的现状并分析了存在的问题,同时提出了解决问题的对策并对中国有机畜禽产业的发展做出了展望。     

汇报工作 加强监管 努力提升全省饲料行政执法水平——2008年度湖南省饲料工业办公室主任会议在长沙顺利召开

辛苦了一年，2008年12月26日上午，全省符市州饲料办正副主任欢聚一堂、交流经验，感慨万千。在即将过去的一年里，按照农业部的部署和要求，全省上下以最严格的标准，最坚决的态度，最严厉的措施，开展了饲料整治行动，查封了一批问题饲料，处理了一些违规企业，规范了企业生产经营行为，净化了饲料市场，专项整治取得了明显成效。     

2013兽药经销商该如何转变

<正>笔者最近走访了很多经销商,发现了很多问题,如地级经销商抱怨:很多以前合作的厂家都离自己而去了,批发不好做了,低价位、常规、大路货不好卖了。二级店都直接跟厂家合作了,市场被下面的县镇级经销商瓜分了,自己的份额越来越少了;县镇级经销商抱怨:销量越来越少了,费用却越来越高了,厂家任务越来越高了,一些曾经忠实的养殖场、     

青海省草地生态区域划分及建设措施

论述了青海省草地生态环境现状，分析了存在的主要问题，进行了草地生态区划，提出了相应的生态建设措施。     

生猪恒温运输车在生猪区域配送中的优势及应用前景分析

生猪恒温运输车的应用解决了养猪业生猪在长途运输过程中,运输车辆条件的不足;解决了当前生猪敞开式运输对生猪的各种伤害问题;降低了生猪因长途运输所产生各种应激反应和死亡率;降低了生猪运输成本和销售成本;提高了生猪的屠宰肉的品质;减少了生猪在运输过程中传染病的交叉感染和粪便对经过区域养殖场的防疫威胁;提高了动物福利待遇。     

高等学校实践课教学管理的研究

辽宁医学院在不断开展教学改革研究的实践中,确定了动物科学专业家畜繁殖学实践教学管理研究的课题。通过近2年的研究实践,辽宁医学院畜牧兽医学院在动物科学专业家畜繁殖学实践教学管理中建立了较为完善的管理机制,制订了家畜繁殖学实践教学大纲、编写了实践教学指导书、规范了实践技能考核标准等实践教学文件,加强了家畜繁殖学实践教学条件的建设,提高了学生实践技能水平。     

不同类型有机微量元素对母猪乳中微量元素含量及其生产性能的影响

本试验选用"长大"二元杂交经产母猪,在母猪妊娠和哺乳期分别饲喂添加3种不同类型微量元素试验日粮:A组为对照组,饲粮中添加的微量元素分别为CuSO4、FeSO4、MnSO4、ZnSO4、Na2SeO3;B组(氨基酸螯合物组),饲粮添加的铁、铜、锰、锌和硒微量元素均为蛋氨酸螯合物;C组(蛋白质螯合物组),饲粮添加的微量元素为蛋白质螯合铁、蛋白质螯合锌、蛋白质螯合锰和酵母硒。结果表明:Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别较对照组初乳中锰含量高出了21.05%和5.87%,差异均不显著(P>0.05);Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别较对照组初乳中铁含量高于对照组,分别高出17.0%和8.4%,差异不显著(P>0.05);对初乳中锌没有明显影响;对于常乳中各种微量元素含量也无明显影响;提高了窝产活仔数、合格仔数,减少了死仔和干尸的数量,初生窝重Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别比Ⅰ组高0.78和0.48kg;Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组断奶窝重分别比Ⅰ组高4.12kg和0.28kg。     

Trace Mineral Supplementation in the Presence of Antagonists on Growth Performance,Health, and Carcass Characteristics of Transport-Stressed Calves

Crossbred steer calves (n = 64) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement to evaluate two levels of organic trace minerals and two levels of inorganic trace minerals. Calves were fed 28 d on the ranch in two pens of eight head per treatment before a simulated transport stress. After being loaded, hauled 129 km, unloaded with an overnight stand without feed and water, and reloaded, they were shipped to the Colorado State University (CSU) research feedyard in Fort Collins and placed in 64 individual pens. Calves fed the organic low level and inorganic high level trace minerals gained better (P<0.05) the first 28 d than did calves fed the organic high level or inorganic low level trace minerals. Overall growth performance was not influenced by trace mineral types or levels. Longissimus area was greater (P<0.05) for calves fed the low level organic trace minerals compared with that for calves fed the low level inorganic trace minerals. Eosinophils (d 28) were higher (P<0.05) for calves fed the organic high level trace minerals compared with calves fed inorganic low level trace minerals. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and parainfluenza (PI₃) titers were not influenced by trace minerals. Red blood cells and packed cell volume were higher (P<0.05) for calves fed low level trace minerals regardless of trace mineral type. Liver Co was increased (P<0.05) at the 28-d sampling when inorganic trace minerals were fed. Liver Co was highest (P<0.05) at the 168- d sampling for calves fed low level inorganic trace minerals followed by calves fed organic high level trace minerals. Liver Fe was lower (P<0.05) in calves at the d-168 sampling when organic trace minerals were fed. Liver Zn was elevated (P<0.05) by d 28 by feeding the inorganic low level trace minerals, and by d-168, liver Zn was higher (P<0.05) for calves fed the low levels of trace minerals. Initial growth performance was maintained by either supplementing organic trace minerals or elevating dietary inorganic trace minerals when confronted with high dietary Fe, S, or Mo.     

Effects of Phytase Addition with or Without a Trace Mineral Premix on Growth Performance,Bone Response Variables,and Tissue Mineral Concentrations in Commercial Broilers

Microbial phytase has been shown to increase the availability of Ca, P, ME, amino acids, and trace minerals in diets of broilers. By increasing the availability of trace minerals, phytase may be able to replace the trace mineral premix in diets for broilers. Therefore, a 43-d floor pen study that included diets with and without phytase and with and without supplemental trace minerals was conducted to evaluate this possibility. The Ca and nonphytate P concentrations were decreased by 0.10% in diets with phytase. Growth performance was not affected in chicks fed diets with or without the trace minerals, but adding phytase had positive effects on growth performance. Removal of the trace minerals had a negative effect on bone strength. Removal of the trace minerals, addition of phytase, or both had variable effects on tissue trace mineral concentrations.     

有机微量元素对生长猪生长性能及微量元素排出量的影响

选用96头平均体重为（19.13±1.18）kg生长猪,分为处理1组（高剂量无机微量元素组）、处理2组（高剂量有机元素组）、处理3组（低剂量无机元素组）、处理4组（高剂量有机元素组）,每个处理3个重复,每个重复8头仔猪,试验期50 d,研究有机微量元素对生长猪生长性能及微量元素排出量的影响力。结果表明：处理1、2、4组的日增重分别比处理3组提高5.83%、7.03%、7.70%,均显著高于处理3组（P＜0.05）,其他处理组之间的日增重差异不显著。处理1、2、4组的料重比分别比处理3组降低5.28%、6.79%、7.92%,均达差异显著（P＜0.05）,处理1、2、4组之间的料重比差异不显著,处理4组的料重比最低。处理1组和处理2组粪中铜、铁、锌、锰的排泄量差异均不显著,处理3组和处理4组粪中铜、铁、锌、锰的排泄量差异均不显著,处理3组和处理4组粪中铜、铁、锌、锰的排泄量比处理1组和处理2组显著降低（P＜0.05）。     

Effect of Organically Complexed Copper,Iron, Manganese,and Zinc on Broiler Performance,Mineral Excretion,and Accumulation in Tissues

Supplementation of trace minerals with a large safety margin in broiler chickens has resulted in a high level of mineral excretion that ends up in the environment. Organically complexed trace minerals (organic minerals) may be able to replace the inorganic trace minerals, because the former appear to have a greater bioavailability. Therefore, a 29-d cage study that included diets with supplemental trace minerals from organic and inorganic sources based on a trace mineral deficient control diet was conducted to examine the possible response of broiler chickens to organic mineral supplements. The results showed that supplementation with 4 mg of Cu and 40 mg each of Fe, Mn, and Zn from organic sources may be sufficient for normal broiler growth to 29 d of age. It is possible to use these lower levels of organic trace minerals in broiler diets to avoid high levels of trace mineral excretion.     

In vivo effects of adding singular or combined anti-oxidative vitamins and/or minerals to diets on the immune system of tilapia (Oreochromis hybrids) peripheral blood monocyte-derived, anterior kidney-derived, and spleen-derived macrophages

Macrophage function is an important factor for resistance to infection and anti-oxidative vitamins and minerals can affect how macrophages function in fish. We report the in vivo effect of adding singular or combined vitamins (A, C, and E) and/or minerals (Se, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe) in diets on the immune system of tilapia (Oreochromis hybrids) peripheral blood monocyte-derived, anterior kidney-derived, and spleen-derived macrophages. An optimal dose of vitamins and/or minerals in diets increased macrophage proliferation and protective activity, maintained macrophage viability, increased body weight and length, and increased lysozyme activity, however, at improper doses and combinations of vitamins or minerals a decrease was observed. Furthermore, vitamins and/or minerals at any doses and combinations in diets decreased superoxide and nitric oxide production. Therefore, appropriate doses and combinations of vitamins and/or minerals in diets may increase tilapia macrophages immunity.     

The role of essential trace elements in embryonic and fetal development in livestock

This review addresses the concept that essential trace minerals play a vital role in many enzymatic and metabolic pathways that are critical for conceptus development during pregnancy in livestock species. The conceptus relies entirely on the maternal system for a sufficient supply of trace minerals and other nutrients needed for normal development. If this supply is inadequate, growth and/or health of the conceptus can be affected adversely, and many of these effects carry over into the neonatal period. Information, accumulated in our laboratory and presented herein, indicates that zinc, copper and manganese are among the trace minerals that have the greatest impact on reproduction. For example, levels of zinc, copper and manganese were several fold greater in the conceptus than in other reproductive tissues, indicating that the conceptus preferentially accumulates these minerals, an action that may be important for conceptus development, growth and survival. Moreover, some recent results indicate that increasing the biological availability of zinc, copper and manganese, by attachment to short peptide chains (i.e., proteinated trace minerals) can enhance reproductive performance of swine. Mineral concentrations in conceptuses from female pigs consuming proteinated trace minerals were greater than those from females that consumed only inorganic mineral salts. Elucidating the mechanisms whereby conceptus development and survival are enhanced by essential trace minerals may lead to development of specific feeding programs to increase the number and health of offspring at parturition, thereby allowing for further improvements in production efficiency in animal agriculture.     

A review of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium metabolism in the horse

Mineral metabolism in the equine is a complex process involving absorption sites and interactions between the minerals themselves and other compounds. Factors such as the digestibility of the minerals and the extent of the interactions all play an important role in the mineral amounts required in the diet.Inadequate levels of minerals in the diet can lead to physiological maladies such as HNS and Ricketts. A knowledge and understanding of mineral metabolism is essential to the success of equine management.     

体内法评定鸡饲料原料中矿物元素生物学利用率的研究进展

动物营养研究的最终目标之一是实现以饲料养分的有效含量来满足动物对饲料养分的有效需要量。目前,无机和有机矿物元素添加剂中矿物元素的生物学利用率评定已受到人们的重视,但对动植物性饲料原料中矿物元素生物学利用率的评定还少见报道。本文综述了体内法评定鸡饲料原料中矿物元素生物学利用率的主要方法、研究进展及存在的问题,并提出了今后进一步的研究方向。     

蜜蜂花粉中矿物质元素形态研究

元素形态研究是目前一个非常热门和活跃的领域。对蜜蜂花粉中矿物质元素形态研究做了全面概述,并对蜜蜂花粉中矿物质元素形态研究提出了一些建议。