木片散堆碎料水分迁移系数的研究

本文首次提出利用梯度转换法,实验测定动态传质控制方程中的质扩散系数及传质边界条件中的质交换系数,求算了表面以下蒸发界面深度及其对蒸发速率与相对蒸发深度的关系。实验表明,多孔物料表面下的相对蒸发深度在1%以下时,对质迁移率的影响极为显著。质交换系数也是蒸发界面深度的函数。质扩散系数是含水率的函数。本文采用变系数分段线性化的方法,利用质扩散方程的解析解验算了所求出的质扩散系数、质交换系数及蒸发界面深度的可靠性。理论验算表明,无量纲质迁移势的理论值与实验值之间的相对误差不大于6%,从而说明,利用梯度转换法测定木片料床的质迁移系数的方法是可行的。     

木片料床透气率与含水率和密度的关系

通过实验，对杨木，桦木，椴木和榆木四种树种的木片散堆料床，在不同含水率及堆密度条件下的透气率作了研究。实验研究结果表明，当绝干密度不变时，木片料床的透气率随木片含水率的增大而减小。含水率在３０％－８０％范围内，透气率随含水率的变化比较平缓。当含水率从绝干增至１０％时，木片料床的透气率急剧减小，说明木片从绝干至含水率略有长高时，含水率对木片料床透气率的影响极为显著。木片的含水率不变，透气率随木片料床     

湿法生产硬质纤维板热磨前增加木片水洗工序的重要性

论述了湿法生产硬质纤维板增加木片水洗工序的作用、必要性和应注意的问题．     

木片压缩自动打包机的设计与研究

介绍了木片压缩自动打包机的结构和自动打包过程，并对其进行经济分析。     

大兴安岭东部林区GPS坐标转换参数的测定与验证

GPS卫星星历是以WGS-84坐标系(经纬度坐标系)为根据建立,而我国普遍应用的地形图属于1954年BJ—54坐标系或1980年国家大地C—80坐标系,不同坐标系之阎存在着平移和旋转关系,确立地区性坐标系与全球坐标系转换参数是应用GPS精确定位的。     

热磨机纤维分离工艺参数检测与控制系统的设计

根据热磨机纤维分离工艺参数检测与控制系统的要求,确定了系统的总体结构方案,对各个子功能系统的作用及其结构设计原理进行了详细分析.设计了PLC与系统中各类工艺参数的检测、控制硬件的接线结构,说明了检测数据输入及控制指令输出的逻辑流程,实现了对热磨机纤维分离工艺参数进行监控的功能要求与控制目的,满足了对现有中小型热磨机监控系统升级与改进的需求,适用于热磨机的实际生产.     

基于卧室热舒适的空气源热泵供暖最优送风参数实验研究

空气源热泵作为一种清洁取暖方式已在我国广泛采用,但空气源热泵末端往往安装在卧室上部,冬季使用其采暖时,热空气难以下降,热舒适性差。基于人体的行为习惯及对卧室空调的使用习惯,实验研究了不同送风参数组合送风工况下床表面空气温度和速度的动态变化以及卧室垂直方向空气温度分布,并进行了热舒适性评价。结果表明：当长时间躺在床上时,不建议45°低温送风,建议0°或90°送风;当在床边久坐时,建议90°中低温送风;当在床上久坐时,不建议45°持续高温送风,建议90°送风。这能指导人们获得更好的热舒适性,并为空气源热泵末端的优化以及制定其供暖模式的智能控制策略提供支持。     

定向结构板热物理特性的研究

采用热脉冲法测定杨木定向结构板的热物理特性,研究板材的密度、含水率对其热物理特性的影响,获得了绝干、气干及高湿度状态下各种不同密度的定向结构板的热导率、热扩散率、比热容的变化规律,以此为建筑热工设计提供依据。通过对不同材料建筑物的采暖能耗的对比分析得出,定向结构板具有良好的保温隔热性能,用作墙体材料可达到节能目的。     

山东省主要森林碳库分量参数的初步测定

山东森林是以平原地区用材林为主的农区森林,低山丘陵区森林立地条件差,生产力偏低,不具备温带森林的代表性。结合全国林业碳汇计量监测专项调查数据,建立符合山东省森林特点的森林碳储量不同碳库分量参数体系,对于提高区域森林碳储量估算精度具有重要意义。     

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHANGES OF STEAM TREATED WOOD CHIP

High dimensional stable particlcboards could be produced by usisng saturatedsteam treated wood chip at elevated pressures.Sample Particleboards were made from woodchip of Birch(Platyphylla).The component changes of steam treated wood chip were analysedby infrared.Infrared spectra demonstrated that the hemicelluloses in steam treated chip wereless than those in untreated chip.This is one of the main reasons why steam treatment could im-prove particlcboard stability.The free radical concentration of steam treated chip surfaces wasanalysed by ESR spectroscopy.The results showed that free radical concentration of treatedchip surface was higher than that of untreated chip surface.The glueyness of chip increased andparticlcboard resin content decreased.     

Effect of moisture content on the ultrasonic acoustic properties of wood

We determined the ultrasonic velocity and en-ergy attenuation value of three tree species (basswood, elm, and fir) 1 per tree in different moisture content levels, using RSM-SY5 ultrasonic testing inst...     

Effect of moisture content on the longitudinal tensile creep behavior of wood

In our previous report, we investigated the effect of the microfibril angle (MFA) in the middle layer of the secondary wall (S₂) on the longitudinal creep behavior of a thin homogeneous earlywood specimen sugi. In the present study, we investigated the role of moisture on the tensile creep behavior of wood. We discuss the creep behavior of the wood cell wall from the viewpoint of the composite structure of the cell wall and the properties of the constituent materials. A microtomed thin specimen of earlywood of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D.Don) was used for the longitudinal tensile creep test. Creep tests were conducted at three moisture stages (oven-dry, air-dry, fiber saturation point) over a broad range of MFA. Results showed that the longitudinal tensile creep behavior was highly dependent on both the moisture content and the MFA. With a small MFA, the variation in the creep function among the three moisture states was very small. For a large MFA, the variation in the creep function was larger. At low moisture contents, the magnitude of the creep function was very small, while at high moisture content, it was very large except for the case of specimens with very small MFA. Those results show that the longitudinal tensile creep behavior was directly affected by the fine composite structure and the internal properties of the cell wall constituents.     

Effect of moisture content of a wood matrix on a small-scale biodegradation system for organic solid waste

The optimum working moisture content of a wood matrix for the garbage automatic decomposer-extinguisher (GADE) machine was investigated using a small-scale degradation reactor. A formula feed for rabbits was used as the model waste. The degradation experiment was conducted under controlled conditions such as moisture content, environmental temperature, and airflow rate. The degradation rate was estimated precisely from weight loss and the CO₂ evolution rate. The degradation rate were nearly constant at a moisture content of 30%–80% on a-wet-weight basis. Microorganisms from the environment propagated in the reactor with no inoculums added. The number of microorganisms showed a trend similar to that of the degradation rate. The microorganism community changed according to the moisture content of the matrix and were considered to attain a constant degradation rate at a wide range of moisture content of a matrix.Part of this report was presented at the 49th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999     

Vibrational properties of heat-treated green wood

To investigate the influence of water on heat treatment, green wood was heat-treated. Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis Carr.) with about 60% moisture content (MC) was used. Young's modulus and loss tangent were measured by the free-free flexural vibration test. The specimens were heated in nitrogen at 160°C for 0.5h. The results were as follows. (1) Recognizing that the effects of heat treatment are mild and that the same specimens cannot be used for both heat treatment and as controls, it was necessary to investigate the effects of the heat treatment based on the variations of properties in the whole of the test lumber. (2) Young's modulus increased and the loss tangent decreased due to heat treatment. When the vibrational properties were measured at various MCs, the MCs at the maximum value of Young's modulus and the minimum value of the loss tangent were lower in heat-treated specimens than in controls. The effects of heat treatment in green wood were similar to those in air-dried wood. (3) The loss tangents of heat-treated specimens were smaller than those of controls at about 0% MC but were larger than those of controls at about 10% MC. We thought that this resulted from the decreased MC at the minimum loss tangent after the heat treatment mentioned above. (4) The properties measured at several MCs were more useful than those at only one moisture content for investigating the effects of heat treatment.This study was presented in part at the 46th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kumamoto, April 3–5, 1996; and at the 47th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kochi, April 3–5, 1997     

Fuelwood characteristics of tree species in homegardens of Kerala, India

Indiscriminate use of natural resources in the past has lead to fuelwood shortages in many parts of the tropical world. To surmount this domestic energy crisis, not only degraded sites must be planted with trees having high fuel value potential, but also agroforestry promoted on arable lands. To enable choice of species for such energy plantations/agroforests in the humid tropics of peninsular India, we assessed the heat of combustion and physical properties that determine combustion of phytofuels, such as ash content, specific gravity and moisture content. Bark and wood samples of 45 multipurpose tree species in the homegardens of Kerala, India and three fuel materials of local importance (coconut [Cocos nucifera] endocarp, dried coconut spathe and dehiscent rubber [Hevea braziliensis] pericarp) were evaluated. Variations abound in the calorific values and physical properties of species and tissue-types. In general, heat of combustion and specific gravity followed the sequence: heartwood > sapwood > bark, while mean ash percentage followed a reverse order (bark > sapwood > heartwood). Ash content had a negative correlation with heat of combustion, but specific gravity exerted a positive influence. Furthermore, ash content and wood specific gravity were inversely related. Although green moisture content increased in the order: bark < heartwood < sapwood, it failed to show any predictable relationship with heat of combustion.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Thermal constants of wood during the heating process measured with the laser flash method

The thermal diffusivity, specific heat, and thermal conductivity of 13 species of wood were measured by means of the laser flash method to investigate the thermal properties of wood during the heating process. The temperature ranged from room temperature to 270°C in air or under vacuum. The thermal diffusivity varied little during the heating process up to 240°C. The values in air were larger than those under vacuum. There was a linear relation between the specific heat and the ambient temperature, and the specific heat under vacuum was larger than that in air at high temperature. The thermal conductivity increased with density and the ambient temperature. To discuss the effects of the atmospheric conditions on the thermal constants of wood, a theoretical model of thermal conductivity was proposed and its validity examined, where the wood was assumed to be a uniformly distributed material composed of cell walls and air.Part of this paper was presented at the 47th annual meeting of Japan Wood Research Society at Kochi, April 1997     

Study on the specific heat of wood by statistical mechanics

Introduction12Sincewoodisanaturalmacromolecularorganism,andchemicalcomposition,structureandbiologicalcellstructureofwoodareextremelycomplicated,thesecausegreatdifficultytothetheoreticalstudyonthespecificheatofwood.Sofar,anyresearchachievementhasnotbeenreportedonit.Wetrytheoreticallytofindouttheinternalrelationandessentiallawsbetweenthespecificheatofwoodandthemicrostructureofwood,revealtheinternalfactorsandtheexternalconditionsofaffectingthespecificheatofwood,andfinallyderiveatheoreticalexpress…