Experimental design for integrated research projects to estimate genetic and numerous treatment effects

There is a trend towards integrated research, where experimenters aim to make the best possible use of available resources, and individuals or institutions pool their expertise, make use of common resources and collaborate towards a common set of scientific goals. This allows a larger number of factors to be investigated, enabling the most influential or important ones to be identified as well as providing information on how the different factors interact or fit together.The issues involved in generating complex multi-factor designs are described and discussed, using as examples the entire series of experiments in the Australian Beef Cattle CRC and a simpler experiment to estimate genetic marker effects. An algorithm to generate suitable designs is presented. For the genetic marker experiment, the resultant designs were up to 10% more efficient than less sophisticated designs. In the case of the Beef Cattle CRC, achieving the same accuracy of estimating treatment and sire effects without sophisticated designs would have required 5–10% more animals, at a cost of $150,000–300,000 for purchase, transport and feeding of animals. If all additional costs of experimentation were included, the total savings from use of efficient designs were estimated to lie between $0.5 and $1 million.     

Overberg research projects. X. Faecal egg counts in the interpretation of nematode worm burdens in sheep

Worm egg counts were compared with nematode worm burdens from data collected from greater than 400 sheep killed in experiments on the epidemiology of nematode parasites in the Overberg, in the winter rainfall area of the southern Cape Province. Data were analysed in several ways but no method could be found to accurately estimate the number of nematodes present from the faecal egg count in respect of individual sheep. However, the mean natural log egg count (epg) can roughly predict the mean natural log nematode count in groups of sheep.     

Overberg research projects. VI. The biology and control of Oestrus ovis in sheep in the winter rainfall areas of the southern Cape

Oestrus ovis was endemic on all the farms included in a survey conducted in the southern Cape, but each farm had its own unique seasonal pattern of infestation. Flock sheep were infested 10-12 months and tracers 5-9 months of the year. Sporadic infestations occurred in winter and spring, while peaks were reached in summer and autumn. Development of O. ovis larvae deposited in autumn was retarded for up to 5 1/2 months. Pupae of O. ovis formed from 27 April-9 August, with the exception of a single pupae formed on 29 June, failed to produce flies. Pupal periods ranged from 30 days in January to 80 days in June. Strategic anthelmintic treatments in May, August and November and a tactical treatment in March are recommended.     

政府工程建设项目代建招投标中波特五力分析

近来几年,中国经济极速发展,中国的建设性的投资项目在逐年的扩展规划,工程的复杂性和难度都大幅度的提升。工程建设项目的代建招投标机制是中国建筑业和固定资产投资管理体系改革的主要内容之一,也是中国建筑市场走向标准化、完善化的重要行动之一。《招标投标法》的颁布实施,使中国的招标投标工作不断步入正轨,它对建筑市场产生了积极的效果。政府项目代建制,是指政府投资项目交由专业从事投资项目建设管理单位负责项目从可行性论证到建设实施的管理,项目建成后交付项目法人或使用单位的建设管理代理制度。政府工程项目经过招标的办法,目的即是挑选一个能担任该项目施工工作的承建商并与其签订一份公正反映市场水平的合同报价、合理分配风险、清晰分配工作和工作职责的合同;要完结好项目的代建招投标工作,有必要对这一进程的每一环节加以注重,标准操作,才能真正使代建招投标工作取得实效。公共管理范畴公共制度履行问题越来越受到世界各国的重视,政府管理形式变成大家重视的焦点,一种新的管理办法在西方各国公共部门日益盛行,各国的政府都纷繁将原因由自己承当的公共服务很多托付出去,交由公司和非盈利组织承当。这篇文章就有关影响要素联系波特五力模型进行研究。