红松种子低温催芽技术的研究

红松种子属于生理性休眠的种子，它具有坚硬的外种皮，内种皮、胚、胚乳内均存在抑制发芽的物质；种胚未成熟也会引起生理性休眠。由于引起休眠的原因较多，使红松种子催芽处理比较困难，一般按国标采用变温层积处理，苗圃播种后，出苗不齐，圃场发芽势及发芽率较低。本文采用新的种子处理方法与传统处理方法进行比较，取得了较好的效果。 1 红松种子检验和试验地点 1．1 随机抽取样种，并保留样种。检验结果如下：净度97.4%，千粒重560g，含水量13.1%，种子生活力80%（种子生活力测定使用靛蓝染色法）。 1．2 试验地点：黑龙江省柴河林…     

西伯利亚红松与红松种子形态、种皮显微构造的比较研究

Normal experiment methods and electron microscope scanning technique were used to compare the differences of the seed morphological characteristics and microstructure of the seed coats between Pinus sibidca and P. koraiensis.The purpose of this study is to clarify the dormancy and germination characteristics and mechanism of the seeds of P. sibir-ica. The results showed that the thousand-grain weight of the measured seeds of P. sibidca was only 39.9% and 48.5% of that of P. koraiensis. The weight of outer seed coats of P. sibidca was 54.04% and 52.6% of their whole seed weight, which was lighter than that of P. koraiensis, while the weight of the seed coat of P. koraiensis was of 61.7% of their whole seed weight. Five layers were seen at the cross section of the hard seed coat of P. koraiensis under scanning electron microscope: external seed epidermis layer (external seed coat), epidermis layer, dense lithocyte layer, palisade layer and inner epidermis. There were four layers in the seed coat of P. sibirica : the external epidermis layer, epidermis layer, palisade layer, and inner epidermis.Thickness of outer seed coat of P. sibirica and P.koraiensis was 400 μm and 1 200—1 300 μm respectively. All these characteristics showed a big hindrance and the permeability barrier in the seed coat of P. sibirica, but not stronger than that of P. koraiensis.     

红松种子秋埋覆膜催芽试验

红松种子播前一般采用越冬埋藏催芽,该方法较费工,种子易霉烂。采用秋埋覆膜催芽则较简便、省工、种子不霉烂,可降低成本。具体方法是:于处暑前后将红松种子浸泡36—48小时后,挖窖混沙(种沙比1:3)埋藏。处理后的种子出苗快、齐,出苗率和成苗率均比越冬埋藏高。     

国内外红松种子休眠及催芽问题研究动态

多年来国内外学者对红松种子的休眠及催芽问题进行了大量的研究,本文从种子的休眠原因、休眠机理及催芽方法等方面对前人的研究成果进行了分析和概括,并结合国内外有关种子休眠问题的研究趋势,提出了自己的观点和看法。     

国内外红松种子休眠及催芽问题研究动态

多年来国内外学者对红松种子的休眠及催芽问题进行了大量的研究，本文从种子的休眠原因、休眠机理及催芽方法等方面对前人的研究成果进行了分析和概括，并结合国内外有关种子休眠问题的研究趋势，提出了自己的观点和看法     

刺槐种子催芽技术

刺槐种子催芽技术董刚（丰南市林业局０６３３００）刺槐是我省广大地区很好的造林树种。搞好其种子育苗是造林的前提条件。然而刺槐播种育苗前必须进行催芽。因其种子成熟后，种皮变得致密、坚硬，处于生理休眠状态，如果不进行催芽，种子很难发芽。刺槐种子催芽通常采用...     

对红松种子混雪埋藏处理育苗效果分析

介绍了红松种子混雪埋藏育苗试验过程.从而得出结论,利用混雪埋藏技术育苗与用温水浸种催芽方法育苗相比,有许多优点,可使幼苗早出土、延长生长周期、增强苗木抗寒抗旱抗病虫能力.     

种子催芽脱毒技术与设备

1　采用种子催芽脱毒新技术的优越性当前 ,一场新的绿色革命迎来了我国生态环境建设、防护林体系建设、退耕还林还草工程建设和特色林果、花卉、园林、药材、蔬菜大发展的春天。绿色革命 ,种苗先行。如果不能创造种子健康萌发的环境条件 ,任何优良的种子都不可能正常地生根发芽、增产增收。而传统的催芽方法和简易自制设备 ,因其对环境条件难以控制 ,发芽参差不齐 ,成苗率低 ,且容易烧种烂种。即使有了智能型现代温室大棚 ,能够对光、热、水、肥、气实现多因素优化控制 ,也仍然需要配备种子催芽、种条和接穗脱毒设备。这是因为种子催芽、脱…     

紫椴种子变温催芽法

紫椴,也叫阿穆尔椴,是我国东北地区的乡土树种之一,是营造用材林的主要树种。紫椴种皮坚硬、致密,种仁含油率较高、不易吸水,种子生理性的休眠期长,育苗前的催芽处理难度较大。如果催芽方法得当,可当年出土、苗齐苗壮;否则,发芽不好,有可能当年不出土或只有少部分出土,育出的苗也比较瘦弱,参差不齐。     

西伯利亚红松造林效果初探

通过对西伯利亚红松3个种源与当地红松高生长量的比较,分析在长白山系汪清林区内不同种源西伯利亚红松与当地红松的生长差异,确定了托木斯克州种源适合在本地区大面积推广。经11 a研究,初步掌握了该树种幼年期生长规律,摸索出一整套西伯利亚红松造林技术。     

西伯利亚红松嫁接引种的生态适应性研究

通过对原生地西伯利亚红松和引种地西伯利亚红松嫁接树不同部位酸碱度值的分析,从生理上探索嫁接树对生态条件的适应机制。结果表明:在各类生态因子中,植物对土壤酸碱度的抗性强弱能够决定引种的成败,而海拔、降水量和积温等环境因子对西伯利亚红松嫁接树的生态适应性的影响不明显。     

不同钠盐对班克松种子萌发的影响

采用不同浓度的NaCl、Na2SO4和Na2CO3溶液处理班克松种子,测定发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数,研究钠盐胁迫对班克松种子发芽的影响。结果表明:低浓度(10、20 mmol·L-1)的NaCl、Na2SO4可以促进种子萌发,随着浓度增加,抑制作用加强,250 mmol·L-1的各项指标降到最低。Na2CO3溶液对种子萌发有较强的抑制作用,浓度相同时,Na2CO3胁迫下的各指标值均小于NaCl、Na2SO4。250 mmol·L-1时各项指标为0。由此可以得出,班克松种子具有耐盐性,但对不同钠盐的敏感性不同,对NaCl、Na2SO4的耐受性要高于Na2CO3。     

高速公路护坡植物种子催芽技术研究

以北方常用的3种高速公路护坡植物为对象,采用不同的处理方式对其种子进行催芽处理,以探寻高速公路绿化护坡植物种子催芽处理的最佳方法.结果表明,催芽处理能不同程度地提高种子的萌发率.在各种处理中,小冠花种子用10%稀硫酸浸泡1h、紫花苜蓿种子用40℃温水浸泡0.5～3h、紫穗槐用10%稀硫酸浸泡24h为最佳催芽处理方式.     

Effect of magnetic treatment on seed germination of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)

Based on preliminary experiments, the speed of germination (SG) was in general increased for Pinus taeda L. seeds treated with a static magnetic field (B = 150 mT) for 10, 30 and 60 min. Negative impact was obtained for seeds treated with SMF for 24 h and 48 h. Mean germination time (MGT), the SG, and time required to obtain 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% of seeds to germinate (T₁₀–T₉₀) were calculated. Results showed a reduction of the MGT and T₁₀–T₉₀ for seeds treated with SMF for 10, 30, and 60 min; therefore, the germination speed was increased. Among various magnetic treatments, loblolly pine seeds treated with S3 (SMF60 min) yielded the peak performance.     

Study on the physiological indices of Pinus sibirica and Pinus koraiensis seedlings under cold stress

Although Pinus sibirica and Pinus koraiensis are resistant to cold or low temperatures in the cold temperate regions of the northern hemisphere,the former has a stronger cold resistance.Research has been limited to the comparison of physiological responses of the two species to cold stress.In this study,5-year-old seedlings of P.sibirica and P.koraiensis were subjected to six temperature treatments,[20℃(control),0℃,-20℃,-40℃,-60℃,and-80℃],under different stress periods(6,12,24,and 48 h).The results showed that differences in each physiological index were significant between P.sibirica and P.koraiensis,except for the permeability of cell membranes,reactive oxygen species,proline and soluble proteins.An ANOVA test indicated that there were extreme differences among the temperatures for each index,stress time and temperature 9 time for most indices.All indices showed a similar trend for P.sibirica and P.koraiensis with decreasing temperature or the extension of stress time.Soluble sugars and proline increased at 0 to-20℃and then remained unchanged with temperature decline.Other indices showed an increase from 20 to-20℃,stable from-20 to-40℃and a decrease from-40 to-80℃.All the indices increased and then declined along with the prolonged cold stress time,except for the control.From 0 to-40℃,the permeability of cell membranes,relative conductivity,reactive oxygen species and malonaldehyde of P.koraiensis seedlings were higher than in P.sibirica,but superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,catalase activity and soluble sugars,proline,and soluble proteins content emerged as opposite.This study compared the physiological mechanism responses to cold stress between P.sibirica and P.koraiensis to provide the basis for the introduction,distribution,and genetic improvement of these coniferous species.     

优良引进饲料灌木树苜蓿种子的6种催芽试验

通过对新引进的优良饲料灌木树苜蓿进行种子催芽、种子生活力鉴定和种子发芽试验,结果表明：6种催芽方法效果差异显著。其中,砂纸磨擦催芽效果最好,其次是变温处理和浓硫酸催芽,碳酸钠和洗衣粉催芽效果居中,沸水处理催芽效果最差,但所有方法的催芽率均不高,种子最高吸胀率只有58．0％。综合考虑其催芽操作难易程度、催芽效果和使用的安全、经济和可行性以及树苜蓿种子含硬实的特性,试验筛选出了碳酸钠和洗衣粉2种比较合适的树苜蓿种子催芽方法。种子生活力鉴定结果表明：种子活力达75％以上,且试验所用催芽药剂及药剂处理浓度和处理时间对种子活力没有太大影响。种子发芽率为94．5％。     

塔河蒙克山西伯利亚红松试验林高生长分析

调查大兴安岭塔河蒙克山高寒地上的西伯利亚红松引种试验林,其连年生长量稳步提高,19a生平均树高3．75m,2008年高生长平均已达51．2cm,其生长量与生长在气候相对温和的“红松故乡”温带的小兴安岭东南坡带岭地区的近缘种红松几乎相同。而试验区内的对照红松已经所剩无几,幸存的几株也呈灌丛状。说明西伯利亚红松是耐严寒、耐贫瘠、引种前景广阔的优良树种。     

鸡树条荚蒾种子沙藏催芽试验

以鸡树条荚蒾种子为材料,研究其在室内变温条件下沙藏催芽处理的发芽能力,结果表明:在8℃~23℃相对较高温度的变温处理条件下,经历了近4个月的沙藏层积处理,平均发芽率为92%,不发芽种子均因霉烂所致,无空粒、病虫粒等,说明授粉相对充分,没有种实虫害发生。幼苗平均高度为4.75 cm,子叶展开。     

Variable dormancy in seed of Pinus contorta

Seeds of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) collected southwest of Grande Praire, Alberta at three different times and altitudes between August 20, 1984 and August 15, 1985 showed variable responses to stratification. The responses were related to seed ripeness, as judged through evaluations of cone moisture contents, and with the length of time that the cones had remained on the trees. Unripe seeds started to lose germination in the third year after pollination when on the tree. Mature seeds which lost germination by late fall 1984 regained it by the next fall, while most unripe seeds did not. Immature seeds increased their need for stratification over time while mature seeds did not. Seeds should be left on the tree until the end of the third year to insure maximum viability because they do not reach maturity until then.