Optimization of Medium Using Response Surface Methodology for Lipid Production by Scenedesmus sp.

Lipid production is an important indicator for assessing microalgal species for biodiesel production. In this work, the effects of medium composition on lipid production by Scenedesmus sp. were investigated using the response surface methodology. The results of a Plackett–Burman design experiment revealed that NaHCO₃, NaH₂PO₄·2H₂O and NaNO₃ were three factors significantly influencing lipid production, which were further optimized by a Box–Behnken design. The optimal medium was found to contain 3.07 g L⁻¹ NaHCO₃, 15.49 mg L⁻¹ NaH₂PO₄·2H₂O and 803.21 mg L⁻¹ NaNO₃. Using the optimal conditions previously determined, the lipid production (304.02 mg·L⁻¹) increased 54.64% more than that using the initial medium, which agreed well with the predicted value 309.50 mg L⁻¹. Additionally, lipid analysis found that palmitic acid (C16:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) dominantly constituted the algal fatty acids (about 60% of the total fatty acids) and a much higher content of neutral lipid accounted for 82.32% of total lipids, which strongly proved that Scenedesmus sp. is a very promising feedstock for biodiesel production.     

响应面法优化海南可可豆中原花青素的提取工艺

本研究采用响应面分析法确定海南可可豆中原花青素提取的最佳工艺条件,对提取得率的影响因素进行单因素分析后,探讨料液比、乙醇浓度、提取时间和温度间的显著性影响和交互作用。结果表明：可可原花青素的最优提取工艺条件为乙醇浓度67%、料液比1∶20（g/mL）、提取时间88 min、提取温度76 ℃。此工艺条件下,可可原花青素提取得率为6.21%。此结果为海南可可豆的开发利用提供基础理论依据。     

Optimization of Porphyran Extraction from Pyropia yezoensis by Response Surface Methodology and Its Lipid-Lowering Effects

Macroalgae polysaccharides are phytochemicals that are beneficial to human health. In this study, response surface methodology was applied to optimize the extraction procedure of Pyropia yezoensis porphyran (PYP). The optimum extraction parameters were: 100 °C (temperature), 120 min (time), and 29.32 mL/g (liquid–solid ratio), and the maximum yield of PYP was 22.15 ± 0.55%. The physicochemical characteristics of PPYP, purified from PYP, were analyzed, along with its lipid-lowering effect, using HepG2 cells and Drosophila melanogaster larvae. PPYP was a β-type sulfated hetero-rhamno-galactan-pyranose with a molecular weight of 151.6 kDa and a rhamnose-to-galactose molar ratio of 1:5.3. The results demonstrated that PPYP significantly reduced the triglyceride content in palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2 cells and high-sucrose-fed D. melanogaster larvae by regulating the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes, reducing lipogenesis and increasing fatty acid β-oxidation. To summarize, PPYP can lower lipid levels in HepG2 cells and larval fat body (the functional homolog tissue of the human liver), suggesting that PPYP may be administered as a potential marine lipid-lowering drug.     

响应面法优化工业大麻叶抑制金黄色葡萄球菌物质超声提取工艺

为提升工业大麻叶生理活性功能,研究工业大麻叶抑菌物质的最佳超声提取工艺。采用牛津杯法结合微量二倍稀释法比较工业大麻叶乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、单核细胞李斯特菌、沙门氏菌的抑菌作用,并以抑菌效果最佳的金黄色葡萄球菌为供试菌,在单因素试验基础上,以抑菌圈直径为响应值,采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化超声辅助浸提工业大麻叶抑菌物质的工艺参数。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为液料比14∶1(m L/g),乙醇浓度88%,超声温度29℃,超声时间20 min,在该条件下,工业大麻叶提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径达(19. 65±0. 20) mm,与理论最优值19. 68 mm接近。该工艺稳定可靠,适用于工业大麻叶中抗金黄色葡萄球菌物质的超声提取,可为工业大麻叶的高效利用及新型防腐剂的开发提供理论依据。     

Response Surface Methodology for Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis

Astaxanthin is a novel carotenoid nutraceutical occurring in many crustaceans and red yeasts. It has exhibited various biological activities including prevention or amelioration of cardiovascular disease, gastric ulcer, hypertension, and diabetic nephropathy. In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction was developed for the effective extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis. Some parameters such as extraction solvent, liquid-to-solid ratio, extraction temperature, and extraction time were optimized by single-factor experiment and response surface methodology. The optimal extraction conditions were 48.0% ethanol in ethyl acetate, the liquid-to-solid ratio was 20:1 (mL/g), and extraction for 16.0 min at 41.1 °C under ultrasound irradiation of 200 W. Under optimal conditions, the yield of astaxanthin was 27.58 ± 0.40 mg/g. The results obtained are beneficial for the full utilization of Haematococcus pluvialis, which also indicated that ultrasound-assisted extraction is a very useful method for extracting astaxanthin from marine life.     

响应面优化低值豆粕液态制备多肽工艺

为优化低值豆粕液态发酵生产大豆多肽工艺,应用Minimum Run Equireplicated Res IV析因设计进行了主效因子的筛选,根据主效因子影响及变化方向进行爬陡坡试验,最后,应用二次旋转中心复合响应面设计对液态发酵多肽工艺进行了优化,优化工艺条件为豆粕浓度6.0％、pH 8.0、装瓶量93.0 mL·300 mL-1.最优条件下模型预测多肽含量为707.204 μg·mL-1,验证试验结果为683.023±9.23 μg·mL-1(n=6).     

响应面法优化花红叶多酚提取工艺的研究

研究花红叶多酚的最佳提取条件,在单因素实验的基础上,采用响应面法优化花红叶中多酚类物质的提取条件。结果表明：花红叶多酚提取的最优工艺为：提取液乙醇浓度60％,提取时间60 min,液料比12 ∶ 1,在此条件下花红叶多酚的提取率为4.61％。     

Isolation and Characterization of New Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Components from Deep Marine-Derived Fungus Myrothecium sp. Bzo-l062

In the present study, four new compounds including a pair of 2-benzoyl tetrahydrofuran enantiomers, namely, (−)-1S-myrothecol (1a) and (+)-1R-myrothecol (1b), a methoxy-myrothecol racemate (2), and an azaphilone derivative, myrothin (3), were isolated along with four known compounds (4–7) from cultures of the deep-sea fungus Myrothecium sp. BZO-L062. Enantiomeric compounds 1a and 1b were separated through normal-phase chiral high-performance liquid chromatography. The absolute configurations of 1a, 1b, and 3 were assigned by ECD spectra. Among them, the new compound 1a and its enantiomer 1b exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, inhibited nitric oxide formation in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW264.7 cells, and exhibited antioxidant activity in the 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays.     

响应面优化诱导子促进印楝悬浮细胞培养产印楝素的研究

通过单因素实验法研究了水杨酸(SA)、萘乙酸(NAA)、壳聚糖(CTS)、吲哚丁酸(IBA)、茉莉酸(JA)、激动素(KT)和甲基茉莉酸(MJ) 等7种诱导剂对印楝悬浮细胞培养产印楝素的作用,筛选出SA、NAA、CTS、IBA等4种刺激效果明显的诱导剂,利用响应面法优化了该4种诱导剂的最佳组合为SA 92.00 mg/L、NAA 6.0 mg/L、CTS5 4.0 mg/L和IBA 3.0 mg/L,得到印楝素含量的实际值为8.61 mg/g,与理论预测值8.69的相对误差为0.92%。回归方程的预测值和实验值差异不显著,所得回归方程模型拟合情况良好,符合要求。     

Ochraceopetalin,a Mixed-Biogenetic Salt of Polyketide and Amino Acid Origins from a Marine-Derived Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis Fungus

Ochraceopetalin (1), a mixed-biogenetic salt compound and its component 2 were isolated from the culture broths of a marine-derived fungus, Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis. Based on combined spectroscopic and chemical analyses, the structure of 1 was determined to be a sulfonated diphenylether-aminol-amino acid ester guanidinium salt of an unprecedented structural class, while 2 was determined to be the corresponding sulfonated diphenylether. Ochraceopetaguanidine (3), the other guanidine-bearing aminol amino acid ester component, was also prepared and structurally elucidated. Compound 1 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against K562 and A549 cells.     

响应面法优化超声波辅助提取桑叶多酚工艺

以‘粤椹大10’品种的桑叶粉为原料,选择乙醇浓度、料液质量浓度、超声时间、超声功率、超声次数等5个因素做单因素实验,在这个基础上采用Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计法进行3因素3水平的实验,得到桑叶多酚提取的最佳工艺参数。最终得出的最佳提取工艺条件为:提取次数1次、超声功率400 W、乙醇浓度70%(V/V)、料液质量浓度0.030 g/m L、超声时间60 min,在此条件下桑叶多酚含量为8.33 mg/g。此结果的模型适合桑叶多酚超声波提取,可用于实际生产。     

利用响应面法研究改良剂对宁麦15面条品质的影响

为了研究不同改良剂对宁麦15面条品质的影响,以宁麦15面粉为基础粉,采用响应面法中心组合试验设计,研究了谷朊粉、瓜尔豆胶和羟丙基淀粉含量对面条感官得分的影响,并建立了面条感官得分与因素变量的二次回归模型方程,该模型回归显著。响应面分析结果表明,最佳配粉工艺条件为:谷朊粉含量1.2%、瓜尔豆胶含量1.5%、羟丙基淀粉含量2.5%。在此工艺条件下面条感官得分预测值为80.9分,验证值为80.2分,与预测值的相对误差为0.87%。因素之间的交互作用显著影响面条感官得分,与不使用改良剂的感官评分70分相比提高了14.6%。     

响应面法优化枇杷花总黄酮超声波辅助提取工艺的研究

采用超声波辅助提取枇杷花中的总黄酮,研究超声波功率、乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间、液料比及提取次数对总黄酮提取得率的影响。根据单因素试验,选择在超声波功率80 W、一次浸提条件下优化提取工艺;采用Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计原理,设计4因素3水平试验,以响应面分析法优化乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间及液料比4个因素对总黄酮提取得率的影响。结果表明：当超声波功率为80 W时,枇杷花中总黄酮超声波辅助提取的优化工艺参数为：乙醇浓度47.33％、提取温度58.42 ℃、提取时间12.01 min、液料比（mL ∶ g）45.56 ∶ 1,在此条件下枇杷花总黄酮一次浸提的提取得率可达10.48％。     

响应面法优化提取槟榔花总酚的研究

为了探索槟榔花中总酚提取的最佳工艺参数,在单因素试验的基础上以粒径、料液比和提取温度为试验因素,以总酚含量为响应值,采用Box-Behnken响应面分析法进行试验,并应用优化的条件比较了不同干燥方法对槟榔花总酚含量的影响。结果表明,3个因素对槟榔花总酚含量的影响大小顺序为:料液比>提取温度>粒径,槟榔花中总酚提取的最佳工艺参数为:1:35(g:mL)、95℃、0.5～1.0 mm,验证值为25.97 mg/g,试验证明,响应面法对槟榔花中总酚提取条件的优化是可行的,可用于实际预测;不同干燥方法槟榔花总酚含量的影响大小顺序为:炒干>微波干燥>真空冷冻干燥>热风干燥。     

响应面法优化莲心黄酮类物质微波提取工艺的研究

应用响应面分析法优化莲心黄酮类物质的提取工艺,在单因素试验的基础上,选取乙醇体积分数、料液比、微波提取时间、微波功率4个因素进行Box-Behnken中心组合设计,确定微波提取莲心黄酮类物质的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数67%,料液比2∶100(g∶mL),微波提取时间70 s,微波功率470 W。与传统微波水提取方法相比,该方法可以提高提取率,缩短提取时间。     

响应面法优化金柚皮渣中果胶的提取工艺

以硫酸-咔唑法为测定果胶方法,采用超声波辅助酸提果胶,并对提取果胶工艺进行优化,包括超声辅助酸提前处理及提取温度、提取时间、料液比和p H等提取条件对果胶提取效果的影响。结果表明,在单因素试验的基础上,采取响应面试验设计,确定优化参数为:提取时间88.7 min、提取温度75.5℃和p H1.44。在此条件下,从金柚果皮中提取果胶的得率为26.8%。     

Optimization of Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Tea Flower Polysaccharides by Using Response Surface Method

Polysaccharide production from tea flower （TFPS） was carried out using supercritical fluid extraction （SFE）.Response surface methodology （RSM）,based on a five level,four variable small central composite design,was employed to obtain the best possible combination of extraction time,pressure,temperature and ethanol content of modifier for maximum production.The optimum conditions were as follows：extraction time of 170 min,pressure of 45 MPa,temperature of 75 ℃,and 50％ aqueous ethanol solution as modifier.Under these conditions,the experimental yield was 6.56 ± 0.37％,which was similar to the value predicted by the model.Monosaccharide composition of TFPS was fucose,rhamnose,arabinose,xylose,galactose,glucose,mannose,fructose,ribose,galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid in a molar percent of 31.69,0.21,0.49,1.29,35.82,0.97,1.63,18.34,7.88,1.06 and 0.63.Compared to other extraction methods,SFE could achieve higher yield and gain more types of monosaccharide.     

响应面法优化超声波辅助提取薏苡仁低聚糖工艺的研究

采用响应面法优化超声波辅助提取薏苡仁低聚糖的工艺条件。在单因素试验基础上,选取液料比、超声波时间以及超声波功率3个因素结合Box-Behnken试验建立数学模型,分析考察3个因素对薏苡仁低聚糖响应值的影响程度,优化工艺参数。各因素对薏苡仁低聚糖提取率影响程度从大到小顺序依次为:超声波功率超声波时间液料比。响应面设计法优化出其最佳超声波提取条件为:超声波温度70℃,液料比33∶1(m L/g),超声波时间27 min,超声波功率450 W。在该条件下,薏苡仁低聚糖提取率为0.94%,与模型预测值0.98%接近。说明使用响应面法优化超声波辅助提取薏苡仁低聚糖的工艺条件是可行的。     

PTP1B Inhibitory and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Secondary Metabolites Isolated from the Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium sp. JF-55

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) plays a major role in the negative regulation of insulin signaling, and is thus considered as an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes. Bioassay-guided investigation of the methylethylketone extract of marine-derived fungus Penicillium sp. JF-55 cultures afforded a new PTP1B inhibitory styrylpyrone-type metabolite named penstyrylpyrone (1), and two known metabolites, anhydrofulvic acid (2) and citromycetin (3). Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited PTP1B activity in a dose-dependent manner, and kinetic analyses of PTP1B inhibition suggested that these compounds inhibited PTP1B activity in a competitive manner. In an effort to gain more biological potential of the isolated compounds, the anti-inflammatory effects of compounds 1–3 were also evaluated. Among the tested compounds, only compound 1 inhibited the production of NO and PGE₂, due to the inhibition of the expression of iNOS and COX-2. Penstyrylpyrone (1) also reduced TNF-α and IL-1β production, and these anti-inflammatory effects were shown to be correlated with the suppression of the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α, NF-κB nuclear translocation, and NF-κB DNA binding activity. In addition, using inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPP), an inhibitor of HO-1, it was verified that the inhibitory effects of penstyrylpyrone (1) on the pro-inflammatory mediators and NF-κB DNA binding activity were associated with the HO-1 expression. Therefore, these results suggest that penstyrylpyrone (1) suppresses PTP1B activity, as well as the production of pro-inflammatory mediators via NF-κB pathway, through expression of anti-inflammatory HO-1.     

响应面法优化超声波辅助提取绿茶总黄酮工艺的研究

为优化超声波提取绿茶总黄酮工艺,在单因素试验基础上,采用Plackett-Burman试验设计对影响绿茶总黄酮得率的因素进行筛选,得出具有显著效应的3个因素—乙醇质量分数、液固比和提取次数。根据Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计原理进行响应面回归分析,以总黄酮得率为响应值,确定主要影响因素的最佳提取条件为乙醇质量分数77%、液固比42︰1和提取次数2次,提取率为3.76%,与模型预测值3.79%基本相符。结果表明,Plackett-Burman设计结合响应面分析法可以很好地对绿茶总黄酮提取工艺进行优化。