Digestive disorders in rabbits and guinea pigs]

Numerous digestive tract diseases in pet rabbits and guinea pigs result from both an inherent physiological predisposition and from poor feeding and husbandry. A large proportion of digestive disturbances in rabbits and guinea pigs are secondary to changes in the oral cavity caused by inadequate teeth wear. The required regular trimming of the cheek teeth using a modified spatula and hollow pair of pincers is described and illustrated. The symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of a selection of digestive disorders, as commonly encountered in small animal practice, are presented. The difficulties of using antibiotics in view of the gram positive intestinal flora and possible dysbacteria, dysentery and enterotoxaemia are considered. Finally, advice on feeding and on the rearing of orphan neonates is given.     

Detection of dermatomycoses in horses with the dermatophyte test medium Fungassay

For the inoculation of the dermatophyte-test-medium Fungassay, 200 skin scrapings from horses, 13 from cattle and 13 from artificially infected guinea pigs were used. As control methods, the alkali method, the fluorescent microscope technique and the usual mycological culture were available. For the analysis of skin scrapings, the Fungassay culture mediums are clearly inferior to the usual mycological culture. Fewer dermatophytes were isolated and false positive as well as false negative results occurred. The cultivation of Trichophyton verrucosum failed on the dermatophyte-test-medium.     

海洋低温碱性蛋白酶的皮肤变态反应研究

利用酶工程技术制得的海洋低温碱性蛋白酶,主要用于加酶的洗涤剂,在室温下有较高的酶活力。为确保海洋低温碱性蛋白酶使用的安全性,并为其应用提供实验依据,本文以豚鼠为受试动物,进行皮肤致敏反应试验。结果表明,经致接触和激发接触,2,4－二硝基氯苯组（DNCB）皮肤最大平均反应值为3.3,致敏率为100％。海洋低温碱性蛋白酶组皮肤最大平均反应值为0.05,致敏率为5％。提示海洋低温碱性蛋白酶为弱致敏物。     

Cell-mediated immunity of the eel, Anguilla japonica (Temminck & Schlegel), as measured by the migration inhibition test

Abstract. Sensitized lymphocytes isolated from the immunized eel, Anguilla japonica , upon interaction with the antigens in vitro , elaborated into the medium a soluble factor which was capable of inhibiting the migration of peritoneal exudate cells harvested from guinea pigs. Production of migration inhibition factor (MIF) was greatest to the specific antigen although there was also some nonspecific release. The elaboration of MIF from the sensitized lymphocytes occurred from the third day after immunization of eels and was detectable until day 106. The inhibitory activity from the blood appeared to persist over a longer period compared to that from the spleen and the anterior kidney. The inhibitory activity, however, was diminished by starvation of the immunized eels.     

上海市规模化猪场猪瘟感染状况的调查

经对上海市12家规模化猪场猪瘟感染状况的调查,发现临床上主要表现母猪的繁殖障碍型猪瘟和育肥肉猪群的温和型猪瘟形式,病症上趋于非典型化。经ELISA检测,来自7个区县20个规模化猪场的不同生产阶段的猪群中,生产公母猪猪瘟带毒率最高,达23.5%,哺乳仔猪和保育猪分别为1.68%和2.52%,育肥肉猪为7.14%;对BVD带毒状况调查,仅在育肥肉猪中检出阳性2头,占0.84%,检测结果与猪瘟临床发病情况具有相关性。     

The solution of claw problems in swine breeding

In a breeding unit the influence of weekly hoof care on the rate of hoof lesions was examined during a period of 3 years. The 60 pigs were divided into four groups: Group 1, 13 pigs: A washing down of the hooves with lukewarm water. Group 2, 15 pigs: Lukewarm 1% formaldehyde foot bath once a week. Group 3, 13 pigs: A washing down of the hooves with lukewarm water and, 30 minutes later, application of hoof fat (5-8 minutes work during the feeding). Group 4, 14 pigs: Control group without treatment. The incidence of hoof cracks and sole erosions was significantly less in group 3 compared to the other groups. There was a negative correlation between the elasticity of the hoof and hoof cracks as well as between the softness of the sole and sole erosions. Thus moistening of the claw with subsequent application of hoof fat seems to be an effective prevention of factorial claw lesions.     

Selenium poisoning in fattening swine]

A case of selenium toxicosis was observed in fattening pigs. Intoxication was caused by high levels of selenium in a commercial mineral premix. Instead of the recommended dose of 16 ppm Se, the mineral feed contained selenium at concentrations of 657 and 1059 ppm. The ration in use was found to contain more than 14 ppm selenium. Clinical symptoms were observed 5 to 6 weeks after the pigs began consuming the contaminated feed mixture. Feed intake was markedly reduced and animals showed severe lameness due to separation and necrosis of the hoof wall at the coronary band. Some pigs were reluctant to stand. In some cases alopecia was detected. At histopathological examination one animal with paralysis of the hind limbs revealed a focal bilaterally symmetric poliomyelomalacia in the lumbar segment of the spinal cord. Diagnosis was confirmed by high selenium contents of liver, kidneys and blood. After removing the incriminated feed no further pigs developed signs of intoxication. New horn growth was present and lame animals recovered slowly.     

Use of the Reflotron system for laboratory diagnosis in swine and sheep

The "Reflotron" system (Boehringer Mannheim) was compared with standard laboratory methods for determination of blood values, e.g. haemoglobin, glucose, urea, ASAT/GOT and GGT in pigs and sheep. Various different commercial control sera as well as blood and plasma samples from pigs and sheep were used for evaluation of its precision. The day-to-day precision of all parameters was satisfactory. The accuracy of the values was tested in 56(48) blood samples of healthy and sick pigs (sheep) by using standard substances (glucose, urea) and by comparing them with values measured by standard laboratory methods. There were systematic differences between "Reflotron" and other values in the glucose- and enzyme-values, which can be corrected with the help of conversion factors. In pigs, the enzyme GGT can not be determined accurately with the "Reflotron" system.     

酵母β-葡聚糖对仔猪生产性能影响的研究

选用72头28日龄断奶,体重均一的健康三元杂交仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每重复6头猪。对照不添加,饲喂基础日粮;添加0.025%β-葡聚糖组;0.05%β-葡聚糖组;0.1%β-葡聚糖组;试验期28d。实验结果表明,与对照组相比:添加0.025%β-葡聚糖可通过提高日采食量提高试验期内的仔猪日增重10.8%(P>0.05),对降低腹泻率的影响差异不显著(P>0.05);添加0.05%β-葡聚糖可显著降低仔猪腹泻率(P<0.05),可提高日增重7.6%(P>0.05);添加0.1%β-葡糖对日增重和腹泻率都无显著影响(P>0.05)。本研究认为添加0.025%和0.05%β-葡聚糖都可在一定程度上提高断奶仔猪的生产性能。     

外种猪皮癣病病原菌的分离鉴定

1998年11月,从某规模化种猪场外种猪群患皮肤病者10例,取不同部位的病变皮屑、被毛,进行镜检、沙保弱氏培养分离、小样培养、真菌学鉴定、小鼠致病性实验等。确诊外种猪皮肤病为石膏样毛癣菌、石膏样小孢子菌和羊毛状小孢子菌等皮肤真菌。提示外种猪群皮癣病主要由石膏样毛癣菌致病性真菌所致。     

生物发酵床在养猪业生产中的应用分析

生物发酵床养殖是一种无污染、无排放、无臭气的新型环保生态养猪技术,近年来得到迅速推广。本文就目前应用于猪业生产中生物发酵床的技术特点、种类、对养猪业生产的影响及其在推广使用中应该注意的问题等作一综述,旨在为生物发酵床在猪业生产中的应用提供依据。     

Detection of inhibitors in swine urine with MICUR-BT]

The immersible culture medium MICUR-BT used in human medicine for the detection of antimicrobial substances in the urine was tested for its suitability in pigs. In in-vitro tests, 15 pure antibiotic substances, 2 pure substance mixtures as well as 5 veterinary injection preparations with no direct antimicrobial effect were checked. The agar perforation test was used as a reference procedure. In a total of 65 pigs the detectability of 9 pure antibiotic and chemotherapeutic agents, 2 pure substance mixtures as well as 5 veterinary drugs with no direct antimicrobial effect was tested after oral or parenteral application. In the in-vivo tests the MICUR-BT test turned out to be more reliable than the agar perforation test. In 76.9% of the untreated pigs below 30 kg b.w. the MICUR-BT-test showed an antimicrobial effect. Such effects were reduced by 38.3% in the reference procedure.     

猪圆环病毒与附红细胞体混合感染的诊治

猪圆环病毒病是一种危害猪群的免疫抑制性疾病。近来我国各地猪场广泛发生该病,同时病猪容易继发和混合感染其他传染病已经成为猪病流行的重要特点,大大增加了确诊和治疗的难度,给我国养猪业造成巨大的经济损失。对重庆地区某规模化养猪场的育肥猪发生的高热、呼吸困难、皮肤上有圆形或不规则黑色斑块状丘疹病例,进行临床诊断、病理剖解、实验室检查,初步确定该场本次爆发的疫病为猪圆环病毒-2型与附红细胞体混合感染。全部猪只注射黄芪多糖,并使用强力霉素、贝尼尔、咪唑苯脲等药物辅助治疗,配合加强营养,猪场消毒,3d后猪只发病数量减少,10d后逐渐恢复。     

Symptoms and course of a parakeratosis outbreak in a boar raising facility]

A case of parakeratosis in pigs due to secondary zinc deficiency (zinc/calcium ratio 0.4 g/100 g; 68.7 mg zinc, 17.1 g calcium per kg food) is reported. Morbidity and symptoms were much more marked in growing boars than in female animals of the same age. In sows the disorder appeared ten days after the first symptoms were seen in the boars. Adult breeding pigs developed no signs of parakeratosis.     

Use of paramunization in raising pigs

The fundamentals of paramunization are briefly discussed to provide better understanding of paramunization of pigs. Veterinary practice and experimental studies demonstrate the usefulness, efficacy and harmlessness of paramunization of pigs. Mortality, morbidity as well as weight gain in piglets are used to evaluate the effect of the inducers PIND-AVI and/or PIND-ORF on piglets which have been treated shortly after birth. The therapeutic effect of paramunization has been studied in herds with enzootic pneumonia. Paramunization is especially suitable in stimulating the immune system, in treating immune deficiencies, in the prophylaxis of the stress syndrome (e.g. induced by transport, weaning, changing stalls, etc.) and in treating pluricausal, multifactorial infectious diseases such as enzootic pneumonia, rhinitis atrophicans, "crowding" disease. Paramunization of pigs is discussed, using PIND-ORF as an example of a biological inducer. Paramunization as a biological method to stimulate immunity provides a new concept of prophylaxis and therapy opposed to the uncontrolled use of chemicals in pig production.     

高能复合酶蛋白饲料对生长育肥猪生长性能、脂肪酸组成的影响

本试验探讨高能复合酶蛋白饲料对生长育肥猪生长性能、脂肪酸组成的影响。试验采用60头生长育肥猪,分为4个处理,每个处理3组,每组5头猪。研究表明:第Ⅳ组平均日增重、平均日采食量下降,与其它3组相比差异极显著(p<0.01);第四组的料重比高于其它3组,并且与第一组、第二组之间差异显著(p<0.05)。各组之间棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸的含量差异均极显著(p<0.01)。结论:高能复合酶蛋白饲料的适宜添加量为5%￣10%。     

Anesthesia in swine

Pigs are not only anaesthetized in case of operations but often also if diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are necessary. Choice of the anaesthetic and way of application depend on the size of the patient and the indication. The only important local anaesthesia in pigs is epidural anaesthesia. It is indicated in all longer lasting painful procedures in caudal regions. The technique of this anaesthesia is described. From the possible methods of general anaesthesias, in practice injection anaesthesia has been generally accepted for several reasons. Together with barbiturate anaesthesia neurolept-analgesia with Azaperone--Metomidate has become more and more important, because with this form of anaesthesia the technically easy intra-abdominal application is possible in pigs under 15 kg of body weight.     

种猪体重测量新方法初探

本文简述了体重测量在种猪饲养生产管理中的必要性,通过分析种猪各个体尺与体重之间的关系,探讨了一种无接触式的新测量方法,即用计算机视觉技术无接触地来估算体尺和预测体重,这种方法可以解决了传统测量方法的弊端,减少人力物力,避免由于猪的应激反应而给生产带来的损失,在种猪的科学饲养管理中具有重要的现实意义。     

一个规模化猪场PCV-2暴发的诊治报告

报道规模化猪场爆发PCV-2的病例。重庆忠县某猪场有经产母猪88头,断奶仔猪182头。2007年以来,坚持自繁自养,猪场稳定,猪只健康,全场发病率(包括仔猪)小于3%,死亡率低于1%。2009年4月,该场开展对外免费授精服务,9月3日种公猪发病,1周后断奶猪发病,病死猪血清和淋巴结中PCR检测PCV-2阳性。病死猪脾脏和淋巴结为病料制成灭活苗,全场紧急接种,并配合药物治疗,至10月底病势得以控制,统计本次发病,断奶猪发病86头,发病率为47.3%,死46头,死亡率为25.3%,种公猪发病后治愈。     

Light and electron microscopic studies of Eperythrozoon suis]

A light and electron microscopic study was carried out on pigs experimentally infected with Eperythrozoon (E.) suis during the acute and chronic phase of infection. During the acute phase Eperythrozoon organisms can be recognised by light microscopy as bright to dark orange points or circles. In contrast, in the chronically infected pigs E. suis appear as bright yellow or green small dots on the edge of the erythrocytes or in the plasma. By scanning electron microscopy, immature, juvenile and mature forms of E. suis could be seen on the same erythrocyte during the acute phase. In chronically infected pigs ring-shaped, rounded resting-stage forms, measuring about 1 micron in diameter, can be observed.