Vaccination of day-old broiler chicks against Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease using commercial live and/or inactivated vaccines

Day-old broilers were administered live and/or inactivated vaccines to assess vaccine efficacy against challenge with Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bursal disease (IBD). Chicks were from commercial breeder pullets vaccinated against ND and IBD using several live vaccine primers followed by an inactivated ND-IBD vaccine at 18 weeks. The most efficacious initial ND-IBD vaccination program was live ND virus by eye drop and live IBD vaccine injected subcutaneously (SQ) followed 2 hours later with inactivated ND-IBD vaccine SQ. The next two most efficacious programs were live vaccine alone and the inactivated vaccine only. Inactivated vaccine given SQ had no adverse effect on live IBD vaccine given 2 hours earlier in a similar site. Administration of inactivated vaccine by vent was not as efficacious as administration SQ. A booster of a second live ND-IBD vaccine drinking water at 18 days significantly increased levels of circulating antibody, regardless of the initial vaccination program.     

Preparation and use of an autogenous bacterin against infectious coryza in chickens

An experiment was conducted to determine the efficacy of an autogenous bacterin against infectious coryza from a local strain of Haemophilus paragallinarum in Morocco compared with a commercial vaccine. Hens were vaccinated with a single dose or two doses of the bacterin at 15 and 18 weeks of age. Both the autogenous and the commercial vaccine conferred significant protection against experimental challenge (94% and 88%, respectively). A single dose was less protective with both vaccines.     

中西结合防治鸭传染性鼻炎

鸭传染性鼻炎一年四季均可发生,但多发于寒冷季节,发病初期可见鸭采食量下降,有部分鸭出现流泪,眼眶积聚泪泡,鼻孔中有稀薄的水样鼻液,打喷嚏、甩鼻。病情进一步发展时,鼻腔内流出浆液性或黏液性分泌物,逐渐变浓稠,并有臭味,出现呼吸困难,病鸭常摇头,用爪搔抓鼻部。病鸭颜面肿胀,眼结膜发炎．一侧眼眶周围组织肿胀,严重的可造成失明。鼻、口腔有带血的泡沫,严重者可蔓延到气管、支气管和肺部,此时病鸭食欲不振或废绝,饮水量增加,排出白色或黄绿色稀便。病鸭体重明显减轻,有的表现出神经症状,产蛋鸭的产蛋量下降,产出畸形蛋、小蛋,打破鸭蛋可看到蛋清稀薄,无浓蛋白。     

蛋鸡传染性鼻炎的诊治

一 发病情况及临诊症状 各种目龄的产蛋鸡都有发病,以4-12月龄的鸡发病最多;2月龄以上的育成鸡也有个别发病。当空气不流通、湿度较大、气温突然变化时,在鸡舍角落的鸡首先发病。     

Oxygenated drinking water enhances immune activity in broiler chicks and increases survivability against Salmonella Gallinarum in experimentally infected broiler chicks

It has been suggested that drinking oxygenated water may improve oxygen availability, which may increase vitality and improving immune activity. The present study evaluated the immune enhancing effects of oxygenated drinking water in broiler chicks and demonstrated the protective efficacy of oxygenated drinking water against Salmonella Gallinarum in experimentally infected broiler chicks. Continuous drinking of oxygenated water markedly increased serum lysozyme activity, peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation and the CD4(+)/CD8(+) splenocyte ratio in broiler chicks. In the chicks experimentally infected with S. Gallinarum, oxygenated drinking water alleviated symptoms and increased survival. These findings suggest that oxygenated drinking water enhances immune activity in broiler chicks, and increases survivability against S. Gallinarum in experimentally infected broiler chicks.     

Vaccination to protect calves against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

A commercially available inactivated vaccine against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (BHV1) was tested to assess its ability to immunise young seronegative calves and protect them against challenge with a virulent strain of BHV1. Calves showed seroconversion after one or two doses of vaccine. A two-dose and three-dose vaccination regimen each afforded calves significant protection against challenge as judged by the development of clinical symptoms. Vaccinated calves were on average 7 to 10 kg heavier than control calves 24 days after challenge, a statistically significant difference. Vaccination had no significant effect on the virus excretion pattern after challenge.     

鸡传染性鼻炎的诊治

鸡传染性鼻炎由副鸡嗜血杆菌引起熏在生长发育鸡群和产蛋鸡群均可发生熏主要侵害呼吸系统。本病引起淘汰鸡数量增加和产蛋量减少,给养鸡业造成巨大的损失。笔者对某鸡场鸡传染性鼻炎进行了系统诊治,现将情况报道如下。1发病情况2002年7月,某场饲养的5000只蛋鸡于140日龄开始发病,发病鸡以甩头、颜面肿胀、流浆液性鼻液为特征,,产蛋量严重下降,发病率达85%,病程4周左右,经采取防治措施后,95%痊愈。2临床症状病鸡大群精神不振、垂头缩颈、以一侧或两侧颜面肿胀为特征。闭目似睡、食欲减退或丧失,鼻孔流出浆液粘性分泌物。病情严重的鸡整个头肿…     

鸡传染性鼻炎的诊断和治疗

某鸡场产蛋鸡鸡群中部分鸡相继出现流鼻涕、打喷嚏、眼结膜发炎、一侧或两侧面部肿胀等症状.根据流行病学调查、临床观察、细菌学检查和分离菌株的生化及动物试验,确诊为鸡传染性鼻炎.通过药敏试验选用泰乐菌素和磺胺药治疗,并改善饲养管理,迅速控制了该病.     

鸡传染性鼻炎的诊断及防制

鸡传染性鼻炎是由副鸡嗜血杆菌引起的鸡的急性或亚急性呼吸道传染病,其特征是鼻腔和鼻窦发炎,打喷嚏、流鼻液、颜面肿胀等。本病可在育成鸡群和产蛋鸡群中发生,可造成鸡只生长停滞、淘汰率增加以及产蛋显著下降（10％-40％）,2007年11月我区一个规模蛋鸡养殖场发生以鼻腔和鼻窦发炎,打喷嚏、流鼻液、颜面肿胀为主要特征的传染病,经综合诊断为鸡传染性鼻炎,现将这次发病和治疗情况介绍如下,供参考。     

Investigations on live vaccines against infectious bursal disease of chicks

Summary

Four live virus vaccines against Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) were studied with regard to their safety, immune response and applicability. None of the vaccines caused clinical symptoms or had an adverse impact on bodyweight. Differences between these vaccins were observed in their effect on the Bursa/ Bodyweight Ratio and the severity of the microscopical lesions of the bursa Fabricii. The immunosuppressive effect of IBD vaccination at one day of age on the response to Newcastle disease vaccine applied was rather low.

Three of the four vaccines induced antibodies associated with protection against challenge. Vaccination of SPF rearing chickens by drinking water at an age of 15 weeks produced an antibody response (Agar Gel Precipitin Test) whereas at an age of 23, 32 and 60 weeks it did not. Chickens of all age groups responded serologically to an intramusculair vaccination.

A correlation was found between the immunological response and the effect of the vaccines on the bursa Fabricii.     

Investigations on live vaccines against infectious bursal disease of chicks

Summary Four live virus vaccines against Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) were studied with regard to their safety, immune response and applicability. None of the vaccines caused clinical symptoms or had an adverse impact on bodyweight. Differences between these vaccins were observed in their effect on the Bursa/ Bodyweight Ratio and the severity of the microscopical lesions of the bursa Fabricii. The immunosuppressive effect of IBD vaccination at one day of age on the response to Newcastle disease vaccine applied was rather low. Three of the four vaccines induced antibodies associated with protection against challenge. Vaccination of SPF rearing chickens by drinking water at an age of 15 weeks produced an antibody response (Agar Gel Precipitin Test) whereas at an age of 23, 32 and 60 weeks it did not. Chickens of all age groups responded serologically to an intramusculair vaccination. A correlation was found between the immunological response and the effect of the vaccines on the bursa Fabricii.     

Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the measurement of antibodies against infectious coryza vaccine

Infectious coryza is an acute respiratory disease caused by infection with Avibacterium (Haemophilus) paragallinarum. It is characterized by nasal discharge and facial swelling and is associated with growth retardation and a reduction in egg production. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests are used to estimate vaccine-induced immunity against infectious coryza in vitro; however, these procedures are complicated and their sensitivity is insufficient. To address these problems, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique using serovar-specific regions of HMTp210 (210 kDa), an outer-membrane protein of A. paragallinarum, was developed to measure the antibodies against infectious coryza. Chickens with an ELISA titer of 0.3 or more did not exhibit clinical signs of infectious coryza against challenge with A. paragallinarum, although their HI antibody titers were negative. On the other hand, chickens with an ELISA titer below 0.3 exhibited clinical signs of the disease with one exception. Antibody prevalence rates on ELISA were 80% and 60% against infection with serovars A and C, respectively, and ELISA also detected antibodies in chickens infected with A. paragallinarum with a sensitivity higher than that of HI tests. Taken together, the ELISA technique developed in this study is a valuable tool for the measurement of antibodies produced against the infectious coryza vaccine or in response to an infection with A. paragallinarum.     

A growth medium for the production of a bacterin for immunization against infectious coryza.

A serum-free modified Casman broth medium was developed to grow Haemophilus gallinarum to titers of 10-8 organisms per ml. Formalin-inactivated bacterins prepared form the broth culture were used to immunize chickens. A single dose of bacterin containing adjuvant protected 6 of 7 chickens against a homologous challenge 4 weeks postvaccination. A second dose given 3 weeks after the first offered no better protection than a single dose.     

Serological response in broiler chicks to different commercial Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis vaccines.

Broiler chicks were administered vaccines against Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis (both Arkansas and Massachusetts strains) at 2 weeks of age as either primary or secondary vaccinations. The vaccine was administered as a spray at 2 weeks of age to chicks that had received Newcastle disease vaccine alone, bronchitis vaccine alone, both vaccines in combination, or no vaccine at day 1 in the hatchery. The Newcastle disease hemagglutination-inhibition response was significantly lower in chicks receiving Newcastle disease vaccine as a secondary vaccine at 2 weeks than in those receiving the vaccine as a primary vaccination at that age. In contrast, the bronchitis hemagglutination-inhibition response was significantly higher in chicks receiving bronchitis vaccine as a secondary vaccination at 2 weeks than in those receiving the vaccine as a primary vaccination at that age.