池养黄颡鱼含肉率及肌肉营养成分分析

对10尾池塘养殖黄颡鱼的含肉率及营养成分进行了测定，并与部分淡水经济鱼类相比较，对其营养价值作了综合评定。池养黄颡鱼的平均含肉率为72．1％，肌肉中粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量分别为16．557％、4．14％；17种氨基酸总含量为15．373％(色氨酸因酸解破坏)，其中7种必需氨基酸的总含量为6．703％，占氨基酸总含量的43．60％；必需氨基酸的含量为2529mg／gN。必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的百分比、必需氨基酸含量均超过WHO／FAO提出的标准；必需氨基酸指数为80．21，氨基酸分和化学分分别为0．80、0．45；四种鲜味氨基酸的总含量为5．868％。     

斑鳠的含肉率及肌肉营养评价

测定了4尾斑鱯的含肉率及其营养成分,并对其营养价值进行综合评定。该鱼(鲜样)含肉率 73.37％;肌肉中含粗蛋白 19.60％,粗脂肪 0.36％,粗灰分 1.20％,水分 3.18％,无氮浸出物0.33％。干物质中水解氨基酸总量84.63％,其中必需氨基酸36.19％,占氨基酸总量的 42.77％;游离氨基酸总量 593.96mg/100g;必需氨基酸指数为 53.18。认为斑鱯是一种营养价值较高的淡水优质品种。     

德国镜鲤、散鳞镜鲤及松浦镜鲤的含肉率及肌肉营养成份的分析

为了比较评价松浦镜鲤、散鳞镜鲤和德国镜鲤的营养价值，我们对上述三种鲤鱼的含肉率及肌肉营养成分进行了分析。测定结果表明，含肉率：松浦镜鲤为62．81％，散鳞镜鲤为64．29％，德国镜鲤为55．71％。松浦镜鲤含肉率比德国镜鲤高7．1％，但低于散鳞镜鲤，界于双亲之间。松浦镜鲤肌肉的蛋白质、脂肪含量都高于亲本，而水分含量低于亲本。     

黄颡鱼的含肉率及鱼肉营养评价

本文报道了黄颡鱼的含肉率及鱼肉生化成分的测定结果。黄颡鱼含肉率平均为６７．５３％。鱼肉蛋白质、脂肪含量分别为１５．３７％和１．６１％。１７种氨基酸总量为１４．１９％,其中７种必需氨基酸含量为５．ｇｙ％。必需氨基酸量占氨基酸总量的百分比、必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值均超过ＷＨＯ／ＦＡＯ提出的标准。必需氨基酸指数为７４．３４。     

卡特拉鱼含肉率和肌肉生化成分的分析

测定１￣２龄卡特拉鱼含肉率，分析同季节不同年龄卡特拉鱼肌肉生化成分表明，随着年龄增长，鱼体肌肉水分含量逐渐减少，而蛋白质和脂肪含量逐渐增加，灰分及无氮浸出物含量变幅很小；氨基酸总含量有一定幅度变化。     

黄鳝含肉率及肌肉营养成分分析

本工作试图通过对黄鳝 (Ｍｏｎｏｐｔｅｒｕｓａｌ ｂｕｓ)的含肉率、肌肉的生化成分分析 ,为对黄鳝的品质、营养价值评定以及研制黄鳝人工配合饲料提供科学依据 ,也为对黄鳝地方品种筛选提供参考依据。1　材料方法1 1　材料本试验所用黄鳝取自江西南昌、上饶、景德镇三地区 ,每处分三种体色 ,将体长 2 5～45厘米的黄鳝分 5级后取样 ,每级中随机取2尾 ,共 30尾 ,三处总计 90尾。外观健壮、无伤病个体。1 2　含肉率测定活体运回实验室后 ,分别取其中一半擦干水 ,称总体重 (Ｗ0 ) ,按常规方法独个去除内脏、皮肤、骨骼等非肉质部分 ,再计算…     

淡水石首鱼的含肉率和肌肉营养成分分析

试验结果表明:淡水石首鱼的含肉率平均为65.95%,鱼肉水分含量为80.45%,干物质中蛋白质含量为16.10%,脂肪为0.507%,粗灰份为1.14%。干物质中氨基酸总量为76.93%,其中必须氨基酸含量占氨基酸总量的40.79%;4种鲜味氨基酸总量为34.80%。     

丁含肉率及肌肉营养成分分析

对 13尾丁鱼岁的含肉率及营养成分进行了测定 ,并将其与国内外部分淡水经济鱼类相比较 ,对其营养价值作了综合评定。丁鱼岁的平均含肉率为 72 4 % ,明显高于同科的鲤鱼和鲫鱼 ,且差异明显。肌肉中粗蛋白质含量为 18 85 % ,粗脂肪 1 73% ;17种氨基酸总含量为 18 0 3% ,其中 9种必需氨基酸的总含量为 9 2 4 % ,占氨基酸总含量的 5 1 2 5 % ;谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸等四种鲜味氨基酸的总含量为 6 97% ,低于异育银鲫而高于鳜鱼、黄颡鱼、泥鳅和斑点叉尾鱼回。     

斑鳢的含肉率及肌肉营养成分分析

试验测得斑鳢的含肉率平均为(58.40±3.21)%,粗水分为75.39%、粗蛋白为25.75%、粗脂肪为4.70%、粗灰分为1.08%、磷含量0.55%、钙含量为0.78%。肌肉蛋白中含有18种氨基酸,总量为79.64%(干样),其中人体必需氨基酸总量是30.23%,占氨基酸总量的37.94%;鲜味氨基酸30.79%比月鳢、青鱼、草鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼的含量高。斑鳢是一种蛋白质高,味道鲜美,易于人体消化和吸收的优良淡水鱼品种。     

大口胭脂鱼含肉率及肌肉营养成分的测定

本文报道了对美国大口胭脂鱼含肉率及肌肉营养成分分析结果。大口胭脂鱼的含肉率69．3—72．9％，蛋白质含量17．99-18.03％，氨基酸组成：谷氨酸（GLU）2．74％，天门冬氨酸（ASP）1.86％，甘氨酸（GLY）1．02％，丙氨酸（ALA）1．08％等。四种鲜味氨基酸的含量合计为6．7％，并与其它养殖鱼类进行了比较。     

虹鳟含肉率及肌肉营养成分分析

测定了6尾虹鳟的含肉率及其中4尾肌肉的营养成分,并与部分淡水鱼进行了比较,对其营养价值作了综合评定。虹鳟的含肉率达75.61%。鱼肌肉粗蛋白质质量分数为21.11%,粗脂肪质量分数为3.53%。肌肉中18种氨基酸的总量为18.63%,其中8种必需氨基酸和4种鲜味氨基酸分别占8.37%和6.79%,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸量的44.92%,EAAI为69.20,低于鸡蛋蛋白质模式,与WHO/FAO模式基本相同。第1限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸 胱氨酸,CS和AAS分别为0.358和0.672。     

鸡肉粉的饲用营养价值

为评价鸡肉粉替代鱼粉的可行性,用不同水平国产鸡肉粉(PBM)等蛋白替代基础饲料中的鱼粉,配制成5种等氮等脂的实验饲料 (对照组、PBM 12.5、PBM 25.0、PBM 37.5及PBM 50.0),在室内循环系统饲喂初始体重为(9.25±0.13) g的大口黑鲈8周。结果显示,各处理组大口黑鲈的增重率 (WGR)、特定生长率 (SGR)和摄食率 (FR)均无显著差异。同对照组相比,实验组肝脏超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)和过氧化氢酶 (CAT)活性显著增加,而丙二醛 (MDA)含量显著降低。随鸡肉粉替代水平的增加,肝脏抗炎细胞因子基因 (IL-10、TGF-β)相对表达量显著上调,而促炎细胞因子基因(IL-8、TNF-α)相对表达量显著下调,但肝脏的组织结构无显著临床症状变化。此外,随替代水平的增加,肠道抗氧化基因(sod、cat)和肠道紧密连接蛋白基因 (Occludin、ZO-1 和Claudin-1)相对表达量也显著上调,而血清D-乳酸 (D-lac)和脂多糖 (LPS)含量显著降低。研究表明,鸡肉粉替代基础饲料(基础饲料中含有40%的鱼粉) 50%的鱼粉不会抑制大口黑鲈的生长,同时还会增强鱼体的抗氧化能力和免疫力,进而改善大口黑鲈的肝脏和肠道健康。因此,鸡肉粉可作为大口黑鲈饲料的优质蛋白源。本研究可为合理利用肉粉提供理论依据,同时为肉粉相关标准的制定提供数据支持。

     

不同规格鲆鲽类的生化组成及营养价值比较

分析了不同规格鲆鲽类的生化组成并进行了营养价值研究和安全性评价。结果表明,不同规格的鲆鲽类鱼肉氨基酸都符合FAO/WHO公布的氨基酸理想模式:EAA/TAA含量在40%左右、EAA/NEAA在60%以上,重金属含量都符合国内外相关标准,所以鲆鲽类蛋白质都属于理想安全的优质蛋白质。不同规格鲆鲽类的FAA/TAA的比例都相近,而1～2kg的鲆鲽类的必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸含量普遍高于0.5kg的大菱鲆。     

不同生长阶段微绿球藻的营养价值

微绿球藻(Nannochloropsis oculata)是一种重要的海产经济微藻,易培养,是海产苗种生产中广泛应用的一种饵料微藻。在澳大利亚及以色列等国家,微绿球藻被规模化培养来用于生产高纯度的EPA。微藻的营养价值取决于藻种的遗传因素、生长阶段和培养条件。有关培养条件对微藻营养、脂肪酸组成的影响报道较多,而关于生     

Recent advances in the development of innovative chemical methods for determining the nutritional value of fish meals and aquafeeds

Aspartic acid racemization and oxysterol content have been evaluated as indicators of fish meal and aquafeed nutritional value in a series of studies reviewed in the present paper. Kinetic studies and assessment of the d -aspartic acid content of commercial fish meals and fish feeds supported the use of the extent of racemization of this amino acid as a reliable indicator of the thermal history of fish meal. Preliminary results suggest that d -aspartic acid could be a useful indicator of the protein nutritional value for fish, expressed by nitrogen retention or in vivo digestibility. However, species-related differences seem to occur. Therefore, further studies are needed to evaluate the reliability of d -aspartic acid content as an indicator of protein nutritional value affected by processing conditions. With regard to lipid quality, two major oxysterols, namely 7β-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol, have been identified and quantified in commercial fish meals. The measured levels were very low compared with the values reported in the literature for fish products, probably because of antioxidant addition during fish meal processing. An effect of storage time on cholesterol oxidation was also demonstrated in a laboratory-scale experiment. Research needs for the future include a deeper understanding of the chemical reactions affecting the nutritional quality of aquafeeds, development of innovative and reliable chemical methods for raw material and feed quality assessment, and identification of critical control points in the manufacturing process to try to maintain the original nutritional value of raw materials.     

Sensory characteristics and nutritional value of red drum Sciaenops ocellatus reared in freshwater and seawater conditions

This study compares sensory attributes, chemical composition, fatty acid profiles, and the taste of raw and cooked red drum Sciaenops ocellatus fillets, reared in seawater (SW) and in freshwater (FW) aquaculture systems. Significant nutritional differences were found in the raw fillets. The total lipid was higher (5.31%) in FW fish than the SW (2.60%). The ratio n‐3/n‐6 and EPA/DHA was higher in SW than FW fillets. The eicosenoic acid was only present in FW fillets. DHA was dominant in SW specimens, contrary to the arachidonic acid level, which was dominant in FW fillets. The assessors perceived a significant difference in the firmness and colour of raw fillets, but its odour intensity was not affected. Fillets from SW fish have higher acceptability (33.3%) than FW fillets (26.4%). Sensory differences in raw fillet were not correlated with consumer perceptions, as cooked fish was considered to have similar flavour, independent of its origin.     

大菱鲆营养成分与食用价值研究概述

根据国内外研究成果,对大菱鲆Scophthalmus maximus L.(多宝鱼)的主要营养成分、食用价值以及养殖管理方式进行综述.结果表明,大菱鲆不仅因含有丰富的鲜味氨基酸而味道鲜美,而且含有丰富的人体所必须的营养物质,如必须氨基酸和高度不饱和脂肪酸(DHA和EPA)等,是一种有益于人类心脏保健、能延缓衰老和促进儿童生长发育的优质海水鱼类.大菱鲆在我国主要采用"温室大棚 深井海水"工厂化养殖模式流水养殖,养殖水源洁净无污染,严格遵循现有的养殖和管理技术规范,保证养殖产品安全和无公害,可以放心食用.     

Study on the nutritional quality of ecologically bred Chinese mitten crabs with different body weights

To provide basic nutritional data and theoretical support for the processing and comprehensive utilization of the Chinese mitten crab, we performed a systematic study of the nutritional components of three edible parts, namely the hepatopancreas, gonads and abdominal muscle, of three groups of animals differing in body mass: 75.55 ± 1.56 g, 100.24 ± 2.04 g and 162.27 ± 3.44 g. The results showed that with a greater body mass, the water content was higher, the protein and ash contents were first higher and then lower, and the fat content was first lower and then higher. Amino acids (AAs), essential AAs (EAAs) and the EAA/AA ratio were first higher and then lower, all reaching the standard for high‐quality protein. The most limiting AA was valine. The EAA index was greater than 97 for all three edible parts of the medium‐sized crabs, indicating that crabs in this size group had very high nutritional value. The numbers of detected fatty acids were the same among the edible parts and the three size groups of the river crabs. Among the mineral elements measured, Ca, K and Na were the most abundant and showed a trend of first being higher and then being lower with a larger crab size. Although heavy metals were detected, the Cr, Pb and Cd levels were all within the permissible limits. Therefore, the nutritional quality of the three edible parts was greater for medium‐sized river crabs than for small and large mitten crabs.     

2种养殖模式罗非鱼肉品质的比较

为探讨短期饥饿对斑点叉尾鮰 (Ictalurus punctatus)商品规格鱼品质相关影响,分析了循环水系统中饥饿0 d (S0)、5 d (S5)、10 d (S10)、15 d (S15)和20 d (S20)的商品规格斑点叉尾鮰的形态学、肌肉生化组成、品质构成及营养成分变化。结果显示,随饥饿时间延长,肥满度(CF)、脏体比(VSI)和肝体比(HSI)显著下降(P<0.05)。肌肉中粗蛋白、粗脂肪质量分数随饥饿时间延长而显著下降(P<0.05),水分呈增加趋势,灰分前10 d下降而后10 d转为上升(P<0.05)。随饥饿时间延长肌肉硬度下降,凝聚性和弹性指数升高(P<0.05)。肌肉中氨基酸质量分数在S0组和S20组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。检测的24种脂肪酸中,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)降幅近17.1%,总不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)降幅近10.9%,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)降幅超过10.1%,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)降幅近12.3%,二十碳五稀酸(EPA)和二十二碳六稀酸(DHA)降幅差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

Effect of variation in the dietary ratio of linseed oil to fish oil on growth,body composition,tissues fatty acid composition,flesh nutritional value and immune indices in Manchurian trout,Brachymystax lenok

In order to study the effects of linseed oil substitution on the growth, body composition, tissue fatty acid composition, flesh nutritional value and immune indices of juvenile Manchurian trout, five feed types containing different levels of linseed oil (LO) mixed with fish oil (FO) were prepared: 0 (0 LO); 250 g/kg (25 LO); 500 g/kg (50 LO); 750 g/kg (75 LO); and 1000 g/kg (100 LO); and fed to juvenile Manchurian trout (initial weight 6.43 ± 0.02 g) for 9 weeks. The results showed that substitution of FO with 750 g/kg LO did not affect the growth of juvenile trout, with protein content in the dorsal muscle, and lipid content in the liver not showing any significant difference (p > 0.05). The highest lipid content found in muscle samples occurred for the 25 LO diet. The fatty acid composition found in the dorsal muscle and the liver of the Manchurian trout reflects the fatty acid composition in the diet, where the relative amount of linolenic acid (ALA), linoleic acid (LA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) found in these organs has a positive linear correlation with their relative composition in the diet (p < 0.05). As the amount of LO in the diet was increased, the composition of ALA found in the sampled organs increased, while the composition of DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) decreased. At the same time, the index of atherogenicity (IA) and thrombogenicity (IT) of the muscle samples from the 75 LO and 100 LO diets was significantly lower than for the 0 LO and 25 LO diets (p < 0.05), while the flesh lipid quality (FLQ) in the 100 LO diet was significantly lower than for the other diets (p < 0.05). The aspartate transaminase (AST) activity decreased initially, and then increased, as the level of LO replacement for FO was increased, with the 25 LO diet being significantly lower than for other groups (p < 0.05). The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity in serum samples from the 100 LO diet was higher than that from other diets. The lysozyme (LZM) activity in both serum and liver tissue first increased to a peak for the 25 LO and 50 LO diets, respectively, and then decreased as the level of LO was further increased. There was no significant change in the alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity in the liver samples; however, the acid phosphatase (ACP) activity decreased significantly from the highest value for 0 LO feed group. In conclusion, the composition of fatty acids in the dorsal muscle and the liver was found to be modified by the diets, and with the diet containing less than 750 g/kg LO, being both beneficial for growth, and improved immunity, while maintaining the nutritional value of the lipid content in the dorsal muscle during the 9‐week period.