岭南黄肉鸡前期日粮适宜蛋白质和能量水平的研究

试验旨在研究岭南黄肉鸡前期 (0～ 4周 )日粮适宜的蛋白质 (CP)和能量水平 (ME)。采用二因子试验 ,设计 4 (CP)× 4 (ME)共 16个处理。每处理三个重复 ,每重复 16只母雏。蛋白质水平分别为 18%、19 5 %、2 1%、2 2 5 % ,代谢能 (ME)水平分别为 11 3、11 9、12 5、13 1MJ/kg。结果表明 ,综合考虑增重和饲料报酬两个指标 ,岭南黄鸡生长前期 (0～ 4周 )日粮适宜的CP和ME水平分别为 2 1 0 %和12 5MJ/kg。     

日粮乳清粉含量对乳猪生产性能的影响

乳清粉含有60％以上的乳糖和12％以上乳清蛋白，以及比例适宜钙磷等矿物质元素和丰富的B族维生素。仔猪出生后消化道内乳糖酶活性很高，而其他碳水化合物分解酶的活性都很低。乳清粉中乳糖含量高，正适合乳猪消化吸收。乳糖具有促进消化道乳酸菌的增殖产生乳酸和乙酸，降低pH，抑制有害微生物的繁殖，加强消化道的蠕动，起帮助和防止下痢的效果。     

日粮不同蛋氨酸水平对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能的影响

在960只60周龄罗曼褐壳蛋鸡中进行了三个蛋氨酸水平和不加蛋氨酸的饲养比较试验,结果,在含有0．34％蛋氨酸、0．84％赖氨酸水平的日粮中,添加0．1％的蛋氨酸,鸡在6周的产蛋期中,平均产蛋率较对照组鸡提高了2．2个百分点,饲料报酬最好,只均盈利增加了0.18元。     

日粮中添加沸石对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

本试验选用本校牧场39周龄体健海兰商品蛋鸡1000只，随机分为五个组I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ，每组设四个重复，试验I组为不含沸石的对照组，试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组分别在其日粮中用1％，3％，5％，7％的沸石代替玉米或豆粕，每组200只鸡在同一鸡舍笼养（温度、湿度、光照均满足正常生产需要）。试验结果表明，除第Ⅴ组外，所有试验组的产蛋率分别高于对照组0．02％、3．09％、0．36％，饲料利用率分别提高0．84％、5．42％、2．50％。经统计分析，添加3％、5％沸石的两组产蛋率和料蛋比与对照组相比，差异极显著（P＜0．01）。试验结果表明，产蛋鸡日粮中添加3％的沸石，生产性能和经济效益最佳。     

岭南黄鸡不同杂交组合的生产性能比较

为摸清岭南黄鸡各杂交组合的生产性能,充分发挥其潜力,我们对岭南黄鸡父母代单交(AB、BA),单交自繁(ABAB、BABA),正反交商品代(ABB、BAB)和石岐杂(B)在生长发育特点,生产性能等方面进行测定和比较。结果为:AB、BA、ABAB、BABA、BAB、ABB、B14日龄公母平均体重分别为(克):1730.5,1837.88,1762.1,1730.3,1520,1459,的1279;料肉比分别为:2.88,2.86,2.96,2.93,3.08,3.29,3.41。体尺方面:AB、BA、ABAB、BABA的体斜长,龙骨长、蹠长、蹠围值均比BAB,ABB高,各杂交组合的屠宰率,肉质、外貌等,差异均不大。可见,各杂交组合饲养效果均比石岐杂理想,其中AB、BA、ABAB、BABA又比BAB、ABB好,而单交与单交自繁之间差异不大。商品代中,以AB为母本的BAB,在各项生产性能上略优于ABB。     

岭南黄肉种鸡产蛋高峰期日粮适宜蛋氨酸含量的试验研究

试验选取 30 0只 30周龄的岭南黄快大型父母代肉种母鸡 ,随机分成 5组 ,研究了五个水平的日粮蛋氨酸含量对产蛋性能及种蛋孵化性能的影响。结果表明 :日粮中添加适量的蛋氨酸能够显著地提高产蛋量、蛋重和饲料报酬 ,而对种蛋的孵化性能没有显著影响。从综合经济效益看 ,岭南黄父母代种鸡产蛋高峰期日粮中适宜蛋氨酸水平为 0 .38%。     

提高岭南黄鸡父母代种鸡生产性能的技术措施

岭南黄鸡是本所家禽室培育的优质黄羽肉鸡新品系,在培育过程中,对如何提高父母代种鸡的生产性能,我们进行了一些探索,并有以下几点体会:1 培育高产、适销的配套组合自1986年以来,本所家禽研究室的科技人员通过杂交试验和配合力测定,培育出岭南黄鸡 A、B、C、D 四个配套品系,可生产     

金牌黄鸡—岭南黄

岭南黄鸡经过我省研究人员多年培育而成 ,它由多个品系、多个配套构成 ,具有优质、黄羽、节粮、高效等鲜明特性。岭南黄鸡各个配套系不仅保持了中国地方鸡种大部分独特品质 ,而且具有高效、节粮的特征 ,深得广大养鸡专业户的喜爱。 1 999年 6月 ,岭南黄鸡获广东省首届“三高”农业博览会金奖 ,同年 9月获第四届全国农业博览会金奖。为达到节粮高效的目的 ,岭南黄鸡父系侧重生长速度 ,母系侧重于产蛋性能 ,无隐性白鸡血缘 ;父母代饲养成本低 ,产蛋多 ;商品代肉鸡饲料转化率高 ,初生雏能利用快慢羽分别雌雄 ,准确率达 99%以上。目前 ,岭南黄鸡…     

Studies on the incorporation of triticale in diets for growing chicks

1. The classical ME value of triticale varied from 12.305 to 13.778 kJ/g or 11.819 to 13.016 kJ/g corrected for N‐retention depending upon method of calculation.

2. Substituting triticale for maize, weight for weight, but not on a iso‐nitrogenous basis, in a groundnut oil cake (GNC) starter diet improved weight gain (P < 0.05) when the substitution exceeded 75% without affecting the protein efficiency ratio (PER).

3. A similar substitution in a soybean oil meal diet, improved weight gain (P < 0.05) at 50% or more but PER declined (P < 0.05).

4. The net protein utilisation and protein retention efficiency values of the diets in which maize protein was replaced by triticale protein were significantly reduced.

5. The maize‐GNC diet was equally limiting in methionine and lysine while the triticale‐GNC diet was not.

6. The growth and food efficiency obtained with a triticale‐GNC diet was higher (P < 0.01) than with the maize‐GNC diet but not with a maize‐GNC supplemented with fish meal and methionine.

7. It is concluded that triticale could quantitatively substitute maize in the starter diets.     

不同蛋白质水平对育成早期梅花鹿消化代谢的影响

为探讨不同蛋白质水平配合日粮对育成早期梅花鹿消化代谢的影响,选择4只9月龄雄性梅花鹿,按4×4拉丁方设计,进行消化代谢试验。结果表明,不同蛋白质水平配合日粮(蛋白质水平分别为10.27%、14.26%、15.61%、18.60%)对梅花鹿体重及日增重、干物质采食量及消化率、蛋白质采食量、沉积量、可消化蛋白质量、蛋白质消化率及代谢率、钙磷采食量及消化率、血液总蛋白及白蛋白浓度差异不显著(P>0.05);对血清尿素氮浓度具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。当配合日粮蛋白质水平为15.61%时,蛋白质代谢率为30.64%。蛋白质沉积量y1与蛋白质采食量x1呈正相关,二者之间的回归方程为:y1=0.394x1-27.568,R2=0.882 8,n=8(P<0.05)。     

生茸期梅花鹿蛋氨酸螯合铜需要量的研究

为探讨生茸期梅花鹿日粮中铜的最适宜添加范围,将20只2岁雄性梅花鹿随机分成A、B、C、D共4组,每组5只。A组饲喂不添加铜的全价颗粒料,B、C、D组在全价颗粒料的基础上分别添加15、40、80 mg/kg蛋氨酸螯合铜。结果:梅花鹿生茸期日粮加铜,改善了营养物质消化率,除干物质外,对其他营养物质消化率影响均达到显著或极显著水平(P<0.05或P<0.01),变化趋势40 mg/kg时发生改变;梅花鹿生茸期日粮中添加铜对血液生化指标有影响,其中对血清铜蓝蛋白活性影响最为显著(P<0.05),当日粮铜添加量为40 mg/kg时,其活性达到最大值;梅花鹿日粮加铜,对血清及毛中铜含量影响显著(P<0.05);梅花鹿鹿茸产量随日粮加铜量的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在日粮铜添加量为40 mg/kg时,茸产量达到最大值;梅花鹿鹿茸氨基酸含量随日粮加铜量的增加而增加,鹿茸含铜量随铜水平的增加呈现先上升后下降状态。综合各项指标,梅花鹿生茸期日粮铜的适宜添加量为40 mg/kg。     

Effects of dietary protein concentration on the response of growing chicks to methionine.

1. Experiments were conducted independently at two stations to measure the requirement for methionine in chick diets with crude protein (CP) varying in 8 steps from 140 to 280 g/kg diet (experiment 1) or from 90 to 300 g/kg (experiment 2). 2. Protein composition was the same at all protein concentrations within a trial. The diet was designed to be first-limiting in methionine and DL-methionine was added to provide 5 ratios of methionine to CP at each protein concentration. 3. Methionine required for maximum growth rate or maximum efficiency of food utilisation was estimated at each protein concentration by fitting a quadratic regression equation to the relevant data. The requirement was also estimated by fitting the Reading model to data for growth rate and methionine intake. 4. In both trials and by all three methods of estimation, the methionine requirement (g/kg diet) for maximum performance increased as a linear function of dietary CP concentration and nearly in direct proportion to CP. 5. It is concluded that diets which contain surplus protein, beyond that needed to maximise growth rate or food efficiency, need supplementation with methionine beyond that required when dietary protein is just adequate. A suitable rule for practical formulation is that methionine concentration in chick diets should be not less than 0.025 times the dietary CP concentration.     

乳猪饲粮中添加不同剂量蛋氨酸硒对生长性能的影响

硒在谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (ＧＳＨ -ＰＸ)和磷脂过氧化氢谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (ＰＨＧＰＸ)的催化作用中具有重要作用。存在于多肽链上的硒代半胱氨酸是酶的催化部分 ,通过抑制膜磷脂过氧化而发挥保护作用 ,硒缺乏会降低免疫功能。经淋巴转化试验测定表明 ,增加饲粮硒水平能够调节细胞介导免疫 ;增加外周血淋巴细胞酸性特异性醋酸α -萘酯酶阳性率 ,有利于细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞 (ＣＴＬ)的诱导并明显加强ＣＴＬ的细胞毒性活性 ;增加血液中多形核白细胞 ,但对吞噬细菌的能力则影响不显著。Ｂｌｏｄｇｅｔｔ等 ( 1 986)在用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法以溶菌酶…     

Effect of early stages of fungal development on the nutritional value of diets for broiler chicks

During 65 d of storage a gradual increase in fungal activity (evaluated by CO2 production) was observed in a diet with its moisture content elevated to 136 g/kg. This activity was inhibited by supplementation of the wetted diets with either calcium propionate (3 g/kg) or Agrosil (2 g/kg). The fat content of the wetted untreated diet decreased between the 18th and the 45th d of storage from 38 to 29 g/kg. This change was prevented by the addition of either of the two fungistats. The weight gains of 7-d-old female broiler chicks fed on the wetted diets with or without the fungistats from the 18th d after their preparation for 27 d, did not differ significantly (P greater than 0.05) from those of birds fed on the unwetted diet. However, the food:gain ratio of chicks fed on the unwetted diet was significantly (P less than 0.05) better than that of chicks fed on the fungistat-free wetted diet. The results from birds fed on the fungistat-supplemented wetted diets were intermediate. It is concluded that the early stages of fungal activity (characterised by increased CO2 production, without changes or with only a slight decrease in fat content) have only a minor effect on the nutritional value of diets.     

雄性梅花鹿生长期蛋氨酸铜添加量的研究

为探讨生长期雄性梅花鹿日粮中铜的最适宜添加范围,将20只2岁雄性梅花鹿随机分成A、B、C、D四组,每组5只。A组饲喂不添加铜的基础日粮,B、C、D三组分别饲喂添加15、40、80mg/kg蛋氨酸螯合铜的日粮。试验结果如下:梅花鹿生长期日粮中添加铜,可以改善梅花鹿胃肠道的消化机能,除干物质外,对其它营养物质消化率影响均达到差异极显著水平(P0.01);日粮加铜可极显著提高血清铜水平(P0.01);日粮加铜40mg/kg和80mg/kg可极显著提高毛铜含量(P0.01);日粮加铜40mg/kg可显著提高铜蓝蛋白的活性(P0.05),日粮加铜40mg/kg和80mg/kg可显著提高SOD的活性(P0.05);梅花鹿生长期加铜,使粪铜排出量急剧上升,各组间均差异极显著(P0.01)。结论:综合各项指标,本地区梅花鹿生长期日粮铜的适宜添加量为15~40mg/kg(日粮总铜含量21.21~45.65mg/kg)。     

岭南黄鸡父母代种鸡产蛋期的饲养管理技术要点

岭南黄鸡以优质、高效、节粮和科学技术含量高而著称。目前岭南黄鸡已推广到广西、河南、河北、山西、山东、江苏、浙江、福建、天津、上海等２６个省市。并取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益。饲养岭南黄鸡父母代种鸡,引种单位或个体户多以大群生产为主,具有一定的生产规模。岭