玉溪市仔猪肠道寄生虫的调查

本文报道了玉溪市仔猪感染肠道寄生虫的情况及感染率，共查1055份粪样，阳性689份，阳性率65．3％，共检测到蠕虫虫卵6种、原虫病原体2种，其中61日龄以上仔猪中检出6种，蛔虫、食道口线虫、毛首线虫、布氏姜片吸虫、蛭形巨吻棘头虫、小袋纤毛虫；60日龄的内仔猪7种；蛔虫、食道口线虫、毛首线虫、球首线虫、布氏姜片吸虫、球虫、小袋纤毛虫、感染最普遍的蛔虫，食道口线虫、小袋纤毛虫，在61日龄以上和60日龄内仔猪的感染率分别为61．2％与14．2％、23．7％和23．4％、3．7％秘82．0％。     

哈尔滨北方森林动物园观赏肉食目动物寄生蠕虫感染情况调查

为了解哈尔滨北方森林动物园观赏肉食目动物寄生蠕虫的感染状况，于2009年3～5月采用饱和盐水漂浮法和水洗沉淀法对犬、猫、熊和浣熊4科的67只观赏肉食目动物粪便进行了蠕虫虫卵检查。结果有19只检出虫卵，感染率为28．4％。其中猫科、熊科、浣熊科、犬科的感染率分别为63．6％、16．7％、14．3％和5．0％，在检出的虫卵中，各种蛔虫卵占优势。该调查为动物园制定肉食目动物驱虫方案奠定了基础。     

昆明市流浪犬寄生虫感染情况的调查

为了解昆明市流浪犬寄生虫感染情况,随机采集25份新鲜粪样进行饱和盐水漂浮法检查;对18只死亡流浪犬进行寄生虫解剖法检查,收集虫体,进行计数和鉴定.结果显示,14份粪样中检出虫卵或卵囊,检出率为56.0％.其中8份检测出球虫卵囊,检出率32.0％;6份检测出犬弓首蛔虫卵,检出率24.0％,2份检测出绦虫卵,检出率8.0％...     

犬、猫弓首蛔虫病的诊断与防治

弓首蛔虫病主要是由犬弓首蛔虫和猫弓首蛔虫寄生于犬科和猫科动物小肠引起的一种寄生虫病,广泛分布于世界各地。据调查,世界各地犬的弓首蛔虫感/染率为5.5～64.7%,猫的弓首蛔虫感染率在25.2%～66.2%。弓首蛔虫感染可使幼犬和小猫生长缓慢、发育不良、严重时甚至引起犬和猫的死亡。犬弓首蛔虫和猫弓首蛔虫还可以感染其他多种动物和人,引起幼虫移行症。人弓首蛔虫病以儿童多见,都是因为吞食了感染性虫卵而至。内脏幼虫移行症和眼幼虫移行症是人弓首蛔虫病的主要表现,严重者多个器官受损、眼睛失明等。调查显示,人血清中抗弓首蛔虫抗体阳性率在1.6～37%。因此该病在公共卫生学上具有重要的意义,是一种重要的人与动物共患寄生虫病。     

圈养蛇类寄生虫病感染调查

新动物园圈养蛇类寄生虫病感染情况备受关注。本试验旨在了解福州动物园圈养蛇类消化道寄生虫感染情况,调查寄生虫感染的种类和程度,为建立科学的防治方法和驱虫程序提供科学依据。本试验采用饱和食盐水漂浮法和自然水洗沉淀法收集虫卵,运用麦克马斯特计数方法对9种蛇类14条蛇共计20份粪便样本进行调查。寄生虫总感染率为100%(9/9),寄生虫种类为蛔虫、鞭虫、球虫、类圆线虫,其中以蛔虫的感染最为严重,此外,还从红尾蟒粪便中检查到螨虫幼虫。感染寄生虫的蛇类中,花岗岩蟒感染强度最高,蛔虫卵EPG为7650个/g;其次是黄金蟒蛔虫卵EPG为7500个/g;第三王锦蛇蛔虫卵EPG为3000个/g,鞭虫卵EPG为600个/g;其它虫卵EPG大多分布在25-1500个/g。     

犬,猫被毛寄生虫卵的检查

采用透明纸带法对动物保护中心的犬体表的口腔周围、背部、腹部、前后肢及肛门周围进行蠕虫卵和螨虫的附着情况调查，发现４７头中有１４头（２９．８％）检出蠕虫卵，４头（８．５％）检发螨虫体，５头（１０．６％）检出犬蛔虫卵，８头（１７％）检出犬鞭虫卵，６头（１２．７％）检出复孔绦虫卵，１头（２．１％）检出曼氏裂头绦虫卵。检出部位８０％以上在口及肛门周围、前后肢和腹部检出少量的虫卵、背部没有检出虫卵。此外，１     

鹿肠道寄生虫流行病学调查

为了解鹿群胃肠道寄生虫感染情况,2011年9月至2012年5月,利用漂浮法和沉淀法,对新疆盛华马鹿驯养繁育基地的天山马鹿、阿勒泰马鹿和梅花鹿进行了调查。在检测的432份鹿粪便样品中,发现了蛔虫卵、鞭虫卵、球虫卵和钩虫卵,平均感染率分别为53.24%、34.72%、6.25%和2.31%,感染强度(EPG)分别为37.12、16.78、0.19和0.06。各品种鹿寄生虫感染情况略有差异,蛔虫卵和鞭虫卵发现于所有被检测的鹿种;球虫卵发现于天山马鹿和阿勒泰马鹿;而钩虫卵仅发现于天山马鹿。不同性别与年龄寄生虫感染率存在差异性,雌性鹿的感染率高于雄性鹿,成年鹿的感染率高于幼龄鹿。     

使用经钴_(60)照射过的蛔虫卵免疫预防鸡蛔虫病的效果

鸡在21日和35日龄时,予以两次分别口服250和500个经钴_(60)5,000或10,000γ射线照射处理的侵袭性蛔虫卵。在鸡73日龄时,又给予1,000个侵袭性虫卵进行接种。服用经6,000γ射线处理虫卵的鸡,在73日龄时用1,000个侵袭蛔虫卵接种,结果有2羽鸡(20％)发现有鸡蛔虫寄生;而服用经10,000γ射线处理的蛔虫卵的鸡却没一羽受到感染。这两个组比对照组分别平均多增重65.88和126.56克。     

郑州市动物园东北虎和非洲狮蛔虫感染情况调查与防治

应用饱和糖液漂浮法和饱和盐水漂浮法，对郑州市动物园狮虎山饲养的7只东北虎和8只非洲狮感染蛔虫的情况进行了调查，调查结果显示蛔虫总感染率为86.7%。平均感染强度 (EPG)4880，其中EPG值最高的达12400，采用阿苯哒唑5~10 mg/kg体重驱虫7 d后，粪中的蛔虫虫卵数显著减少，虫卵的转阴率为61.5%；10 d后复查，蛔虫虫卵的转阴率76.9%；14 d后，蛔虫虫卵减少率为100%。采取的粪中蛔虫虫卵数显著减少，已经不能用麦克马斯特法测其EPG值，仅能通过饱和糖水漂浮法检测是否为阳性，说明驱虫效果良好。     

湖南娄底市犬弓首蛔虫流行状况及线粒体cox1和nad4序列变异分析

为了解湖南省娄底市犬弓首蛔虫流行状况及虫株遗传变异情况，本试验于2021年3—9月对该地区368份犬粪便和104份环境(土壤和水源)样品的犬弓首蛔虫污染情况进行调查；对9个犬弓首蛔虫分离株线粒体cox1和nad4序列进行扩增、测序与分析。结果显示：被调查的犬粪便和环境样品的犬弓首蛔虫虫卵检出率分别为13.59%(50/368)和18.27%(19/104);其中宠物犬(11.74%)较流浪犬(17.36%)来源粪便样品检出率低，公园来源土壤样品(9.09%)较小区来源样品(3.92%)检出率高；9个犬弓首蛔虫分离株线粒体cox1和nad4序列长度分别为424 bp和1 197 bp,核苷酸序列同源性为99.4%～100.0%和98.7%～100.0%,与其他具有代表性蛔虫分离株对应序列同源性均低于90%;9个犬弓首蛔虫分离株线粒体cox1和nad4序列核苷酸多样性分别为0.007±0.002和0.006±0.003。结果表明湖南娄底市犬弓首蛔虫分离株遗传变异较低，但虫卵流行状况严重，且存在于公共环境中，对人类健康造成潜在威胁。     

A survey of canine echinococcosis in Gobi Altai Province of Mongolia by coproantigen detection

Few studies have been carried out for the prevalence of canine echinococcosis in Mongolia. This study was designed to elucidate a preliminary information of the prevalence from feces collected in the field. Sixty-seven fecal samples from dogs and 2 red foxes in Altai town were collected and examined for Echinococcus coproantigen and eggs. Coproantigen detection was performed by a sandwich ELISA using a monoclonal antibody EmA9 raised against Echinococcus multilocularis somatic antigen. Of the dog samples examined, 17 (25.4%) were positive by the ELISA. One out of two foxes was positive, too. Taeniid egg-positive feces were recognized in 12 dog feces. Only 6 samples were both coproantigen and egg positive. Eggs of Ancylostoma sp., Trichuris sp.; and Capillaria sp.; were also registered.     

Intestinal parasites in various animals at a zoo in Malaysia

A survey was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasites from different groups of mammals housed in a zoological garden in Malaysia. A total of 197 faecal samples were collected randomly from various primates (99), hoofed mammals (70) and feline (28). It was discovered that 89.3% of feline, 54.5% of primates and 45.7% of hoofed mammals were infected with intestinal parasites. Intestinal parasites found in primates were Balantidium coli (19.2%), Cryptosporidium spp. (14.1%), hookworm (10.1%), Trichuris spp. (5.1%), Ascaris (4.0%) and Blastocystis spp. (2.0%). For hoofed mammals, hookworm had the highest prevalence (34.3%) followed by Trichuris spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. (5.7%). Meanwhile, for feline, Toxocara cati was the most prevalent (64.3%), followed by Cryptosporidium spp. (14.3%), Spirometra spp. (7.1%), and hookworm (3.6%). Animals that were infected were all asymptomatic with low parasite load. Routine monitoring of the presence of parasites in animals kept in the zoo is imperative in assisting zoo management in the formulation and implementation of preventive and control measures against the spread of infectious parasitic diseases among animals within the zoo or to humans.     

Dung beetles, Onthophagus spp., as potential transport hosts of feline coccidia

Cockroaches and filth-flies have been known to be transport hosts of Toxoplasma gondii but the role of dung beetles as the carrier of coccidian oocysts is not known. We attempted to clarify the role of dung beetles (Onthophagus spp.) as the transport host of feline coccidia including Toxoplasma. Toxoplasma oocysts were found in the feces of the beetles until day 3 after the insects were exposed to cat feces mixed with the oocysts. Furthermore, oocysts on the body surface of beetles were not easily detached but remained infective for a prolonged period of time. Infective dung beetles may contaminate the water with infective oocysts passed in their feces when they dropped into the water. In the field survey feline coccidia, Isospora felis and I. rivolta, were detected in dung beetles collected from dog feces; they play an important role in the transmission of feline coccidian oocysts in the field.     

Response of mink, skunk, red fox and raccoon to inoculation with mink virus enteritis, feline panleukopenia and canine parvovirus and prevalence of antibody to parvovirus in wild carnivores in Ontario.

Mink virus enteritis, feline panleukopenia and canine parvovirus-2 were inoculated separately into groups of raccoon, mink, red fox and striped skunk. Raccoons were highly susceptible to mink virus enteritis and feline panleukopenia, with animals developing clinical illness, and several dying within six to ten days of inoculation with lesions typical of parvovirus infection. Both viruses were shed in high titre in the feces of infected raccoons, and high antibody titres were stimulated. Raccoons inoculated with canine parvovirus-2 showed no signs; shedding of virus was sporadic though moderate titres of antibody developed. Mink inoculated with mink virus enteritis and feline panleukopenia developed signs and lesions of early parvovirus infection. No signs or significant lesions followed canine parvovirus-2 inoculation. Shedding of virus was heavy (mink virus enteritis) or sporadic (feline panleukopenia and canine parvovirus-2), though good serological responses were elicited to all three viruses. Red fox showed no signs of infection, shed all three viruses only sporadically, and the serological response was strong only to feline panleukopenia. Skunks developed low antibody titres, but no signs, and did not shed virus. Antibody to parvovirus was found in 79.2% of 144 wild red foxes; 22.3% of 112 wild raccoons; 1.3% of 157 wild skunks and 6/7 coyotes in southern Ontario. The likely significance of these viruses to wild and captive individuals and populations of these carnivores is discussed.     

猫泛白细胞减少症病毒的分离与鉴定

从临床表现有体温升高、呕吐、血样腹泻、脱水等症状的疑似猫泛白细胞减少症感染的病例采取粪样28份。从粪便样品中成功分离获得了7株猫泛白细胞减少症病毒（FPV）：JX-1、JX-2、JX-3、JX-4、JX-5、JX-6和JX-7;应用F81细胞增毒,盲传至3代时在F81细胞上产生细胞病变(脱落、变形、游离等);核酸型鉴定证明,FPV毒株的代谢可被5-IUDR所抑制,其核酸属于DNA型;所分离的病毒培养物能凝集猪的红细胞（凝集效价达2⁶～2⁸）,并能被标准FPV阳性血清所抑制;电镜观察病毒粒子外观呈圆形或六边形,直径20～30 nm;该病毒耐酸、耐热、耐乙醚;动物致病性试验,经口感染分离细胞培养毒1 ml,试验组幼猫第7 d发病,采集病猫粪样做HA试验为阳性反应,做HI试验,其凝集猪红细胞的能力被抑制。     

Effects of continuous ivermectin treatment from birth to puberty on growth and reproduction in dairy heifers.

The effect of continuous ivermectin treatment from birth to puberty on growth and reproductive performance was studied in Holstein heifer calves grown on pastures in comparison to naturally nematode-infected, untreated animals. Ivermectin effectively abated the presence of nematode eggs in feces. Eggs per gram (EPG) in parasitized animals increased rapidly from wk 12 to 18 of age and then decreased. Animals treated with ivermectin grew faster than untreated ones, and differences in body weight became significant at 6 wk of life, even before eggs appeared in the feces of either treatment group. Ivermectin-treated heifers reached puberty 3 wk earlier than infected ones as assessed with serum progesterone concentrations (ivermectin, 30.4 +/- .8 vs untreated, 33.7 +/- 1.3 wk of age). This delay was not directly related to body weight. In addition, pelvic area at 39 wk and at 15 mo of age was increased in treated heifers (8 and 11%, respectively) compared with parasitized animals. No differences in the wither heights were observed. We conclude that ivermectin treatment in dairy heifers may increase growth rate during development, advance the onset of ovarian function, and positively affect yearling pelvic area.     

Cryptosporidium species screening using Kinyoun technique in domestic cats with diarrhea

Cryptosporidium is a coccidian that can lead to diarrhea, especially in immunosuppressed individuals. Retroviruses are considered a primary cause of immunosuppression in cats. Fecal specimens and blood collected from the 60 cats were evaluated for the presence of acid-fast cryptosporidia in three consecutive stool samples and for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) antigen and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) antibody by ELISA testing. Five animals (8.33%) shedding oocysts were found, one was both FIV- and FeLV-negative and four were FeLV-positive.     

Transfer of adult Strongylus vulgaris via stomach tube

Patent infections with Strongylus vulgaris were established in 6 of 8 helminth-free ponies given 41 to 101 adult worms via nasogastric tube. The parasites were removed from the cecum and ventral colon and transferred within 1 to 2 hours of the death of the donor horses. Eggs were found in the feces of the recipients in 2 or 3 days; egg counts reached maximum, 28 eggs per gram of feces, at 4 weeks after ponies were inoculated. In 6 ponies euthanatized 3 to 7 weeks after parasitic transfers were done, 28% of the inoculated worms were found alive at necropsy. A 7th pony was maintained as a donor for establishing infections for chemotherapy trials and, although never passing more than 6 eggs per gram of feces, shed infective larvae over a period of 2 years.