“螨虱灵”防治猪疥螨病试验

猪疥螨病俗称癫子病，是由猪疥螨寄生于猪的皮肤内，穿凿孔道使皮肤损伤，并分泌毒素使猪体表发炎而与硬物摩擦，引起皮肤发生红点，脓泡结痂，龟裂等症状的一种慢性皮肤病．患猪的采食、休息受到干扰，导致增重减慢，重症者可陆续死亡，对养猪业危害甚大．目前杀螨剂除了敌百虫外，还有螨净、三氯杀螨醇、灭虫丁、虫克星、除癞灵、敌蚊灵、单甲脒等均对螨类具杀灭作用，临床效果较好．笔者针对螨虱灵对猪疥螨病的防治效果进行了本试验．１材料与方法１．ｌ试验材料１．１．１供试药物螨虱灵药液呈黄棕液体；敌百虫粉剂．１．１．２试验动物…     

“螨虱灵+贝尼尔+伊维菌素”联合用药对牛场寄生虫驱除效果观察

文章通过"螨虱灵+贝尼尔+伊维菌素"联合用药方案,观察试验对牛体内外寄生虫的驱除效果。结果可见:"螨虱灵+贝尼尔+伊维菌素"联合用药组,用药后血液原虫的(在用药后7天与30天)感染率减少到50%与0%;线虫的感染率(在用药后7天与60天)减少到10%与0%。体表寄生虫的感染率(在用药后7天与20天)减少到10%。     

虱螨脲对家蚕的毒性评价

室内食下毒性测定和田间残毒期试验结果表明:虱螨脲对家蚕3龄起蚕的急性食下毒性(LC50)为7.7972 mg/L,属于高毒级;5%虱螨脲乳油2 000倍、1 000倍和500倍稀释药液处理的桑叶间隔30 d后,饲喂3龄起蚕可使全部死亡,饲喂5龄起蚕的生命率和结茧率均大幅下降。虱螨脲在桑叶上的毒性残留较长,对家蚕具有累积毒性,毒性作用缓慢,供试浓度在3 d左右表现症状,食桑减慢,龄期经过延长,蚕体表皮破裂,中肠脱出而死。虱螨脲对养蚕生产具有高风险性,桑园附近农作物应避免使用含有虱螨脲成分的农药。     

复方中制剂"肤螨灭"对牛毛虱的体外杀灭作用及其疗效研究

为了探索复方中药制剂"肤螨灭"对牛毛虱的杀灭作用及临床疗效,试验采用平皿药膜法,测定含原药27.16,13.58,6.79,3.40,1.70,0.85 mg/mL6个浓度梯度的"肤螨灭"对牛毛虱的离体毒性,并以敌百虫、伊维菌素、氯氟氰菊酯作为阳性对照,观察、记录不同时间段毛虱的死亡数(存活数)及对患毛虱病黄牛的疗效....     

四种药物对兔疥螨的离体杀灭试验及残效期观察

试验选择自然感染疥螨的病兔．采集病料，进行虫体分离与鉴定．应用4种不同的杀螨药物，进行了离体试验及药物残效期测定。结果表明：胺丙畏1：2000倍稀释(200μL／L浓度)．离体杀螨时问为126min，兔体残效保护期测定为65d，每吨药浴水成本为30元人民币；螨净1：1000倍稀释(250μL／L浓度)．离体杀螨时间为137min，兔体残效保护期测定为62d，每吨药浴水的成本为55元人民币。     

虱螨净对鸡羽虱的治疗效果观察

本实验对伊犁河谷地区白色和黑色羽虱采用传统的杀虫药—敌百虫和新型驱虫药—虱螨净分别对自然感染羽虱的鸡进行治疗,结果表明传统方法治疗效果差,易复发。使用虱螨净进行治疗后治愈率可达到100%,且2个月后无复发现象。     

桃叶煎水治猪虱

取鲜桃树叶１０００g，加水２０００mL煎煮，冷却后取滤液洗猪患处，连洗２次，以杀灭猪虱。如果牛患牛虱，也可用此法杀灭。桃叶煎水治猪虱!江苏省盐城市公园新村224001@林道     

阿维菌素浇泼剂对牛痒螨和毛虱混合感染的疗效

阿维菌素浇泼剂对牛痒螨和毛虱混合感染的疗效陈西钊蒋金书朱蓓蕾（中国农业大学动物医学院，北京海淀１０００９４）阿维菌素（Ａｖｅｒｍｅｃｔｉｎ）是一种新型的大环内酯类抗生素，对动物的寄生线虫和节肢动物等均有优良的驱杀作用。目前国内市场上主要有阿维菌素注射...     

双甲脒防治母猪螨,虱的试验与应用

疥螨和血虱是危害母猪的主要外寄生虫,因螨、虱的机械刺激和毒素作用,造成母猪皮肤损伤、体质下降,对所产仔猪的体质和增重也带来一定影响。过去常用敌百虫、六六六粉等药物治疗,疗效差、毒性大,经试用国产杀螨杀虫新药双甲脒防治母猪疥螨和血虱,获得显著效果。     

750驱杀绵羊虱蝇效果试验

试验采用“750”乳油与敌百虫的不同浓度药液,在实验室内进行了杀灭羊虱蝇效力比较观察后,又进行了不同浓度的“750”药液药浴绵羊和0.01%“750”药浴大群绵羊驱杀羊虱蝇的效果试验。实验室内观察结果证明,0.01%、0.02%,0.04%的“750”在平皿内8小时后杀灭率分别为95%、95%、100%;1%、2%敌百虫的杀灭率为90%,100%。绵羊药浴试验证明,0.01%、0.02%、0.04%“750”药浴8小时后,驱杀率分别为97.88%、99.05%、100%。0.01%“750”大群药浴结果证明,绵羊药浴后均无毒副反应,工作人员每天接触药液近8小时亦无不适感觉,人、畜安全。药浴近万余只绵羊,平均驱杀率为98.10%。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein