东北东部天然次生林的景观类型空间连接与分布规律--以黑龙江省帽儿山林场为例

帽儿山地区是东北东部山区较典型的天然次生林区。本文利用ARC／INFO软件，对帽儿山林场景观类型最小距离指数和景观连接度指数进行分析，进而对帽儿山林场各景观类型的空间分布规律进行了探讨。结果表明：有林地与无林地的景观连接度有明显差异，无林地的景观连接度普遍大于有林地；天然林的景观连接度都接近于O，景观破碎化程度较高。人工林的最小距离指数低于天然林和非林地；人工林中，人工针叶混交林的距离指数最小，格局接近于团聚分布；天然林的景观格局近于随机分布；非林地中，采伐迹地的距离指数最小，接近于团聚分布。图2参15。     

东北东部天然次生林的景观格局及破碎化分析——以黑龙江省帽儿山林场为例(英文)

帽儿山地区是东北东部山区较典型的天然次生林区,随着天然林保护工程的实施,森林经营管理越来越要求集约化,对天然次生林区的景观格局分析及评价是极其必要的。利用帽儿山林场1∶10000 的林相图(根据1999 年航测照片及1999 年调查材料绘制而成),1∶10000 的土地利用现状图(1999)和实地调查资料,在ARC/INFO 支持下,应用地理信息系统技术,对帽儿山林场各种景观类型的形状指数,破碎化指数进行了分析。自然景观的形状指数,形状破碎化指数均大于人工景观,而景观斑块数破碎化指数取决于斑块数目的多少。其中,天然林受人为干预较小,形状复杂,其形状指数大于人工林;人为控制的景观,如苗圃、农地、采伐迹地等,形状较规则,形状指数较小;天然林的景观斑块数破碎化指数大于人工林,也大于非林地。软阔叶林的景观斑块数破碎化指数最大。图3 参11。     

三明市森林资源景观格局分析研究

运用景观格局指数，依靠GIS技术支撑，对三明市森林资源景观格局进行研究。结果表明，本地区森林资源景观多样性指数、均匀度指数、破碎化指数较低，优势度指数较高，某些单个森林资源景观的破碎化指数增长快，这说明区域内存在有占优势的景观类型，整体森林资源景观较完整，但随着人类干扰强度的增大，系统的开放性越强，斑块越变越小，并呈直线化和直角化趋势。     

二郎山国家森林公园景观格局现状及分析

以景观多样性、景观优势度、均匀度、景观破碎度和分离等景观生态学分析指标,对雅安二郎山国家森林公园的景观空间格局进行评价。评价结果表明,公园具有良好的开展森林游憩和生态旅游的自然资源,经合理规划、科学开发和严格保护可以将其打造为以休闲观光、修学科考为主的森林生态旅游区。     

基于GIS的县域森林景观格局研究——以河北省大名县为例

在GIS软件支持下,结合2008年大名县森林资源二类调查数据,运用景观生态学原理和方法,选取景观异质性指数(景观多样性、均匀度和优势度)和景观斑块形状特征指数(近圆指数和分维数)等,系统地分析了大名县森林景观要素格局及规模,以期为实现大名县森林景观的优化配置和可持续、健康发展提供一定的理论依据与支持。     

帽儿山林场集水区森林景观格局特征的研究

本文以黑龙江省帽儿山林场为研究区域,采用ArcGISIO．0空间分析模块划分该地区集水区的森林,并通过Frag＋stats3．3对帽儿山林场集水区从斑块水平和斑块类型水平上景观格局进行分析。其中,景观格局指标包括：斑块面积、面积比、斑块数、斑块密度、形状指数、分维度等。研究结果表明：软阔混交林是帽儿山林场集水区主要的森林景观类型,是其森林资源的重要组成成分,其次是硬阔混交林,柞树林,白桦林等,景观资源丰富。该地区景观特征的研究为帽儿山集水区森林景观规划、森林景观生态系统优化提供了理论参考,对改善帽儿山集水区地区森林结构、更好地实现森林空间布局的优化配置和发挥森林的生态功能等方面具有重要意义。     

包头市城区及近郊景观格局与景观多样性研究

运用景观生态学中地理学的景观理论和生物学的生态理论,借助于3S技术等现代化的计算方法,获得各类景观的空间数据,通过数据关系来分析景观格局,从而得出:人类干扰度大的地区,景观多样性高,景观类型复杂;城市基础设施齐全,生态环境建设好的区域,景观多样性高,景观类型丰富;为此,在城市发展中应保持城市景观格局的异质性,才能保持城市景观生态的平衡,促进城市可持续发展。     

文峪河流域景观格局动态及其驱动力分析

以文峪河流域为研究对象,分析流域2000—2018年景观格局数量动态的面积、转移及速度特征.从斑块类型尺度与景观尺度2个层面选取景观指数分析流域近18年的景观格局动态,并在流域尺度上沿城市—林区梯度线分析沿线景观格局指数的梯度分布,基于数量统计模型对景观格局动态驱动力进行研究.结果表明,流域耕地、林地、草地面积有所减少...     

基于森林资源二类调查数据的森林景观格局动态变化分析——以湖南靖州苗族侗族自治县坳上镇为例

对湖南靖州坳上镇2004和2007年森林资源二类调查数据进行处理,并将其划分为8个景观类型,运用AreGIS9．2和景观格局指数对其2004和2007年森林景观格局变化特征进行研究。结果表明：各景观要素之问发生了显著的变化,其中未成林造林、杉木林面积增加十分显著。增幅分别为154．86％、13．83％;阔叶林、松木林面积减少十分明显,减幅分别为26．92％、42．24％;2004年森林景观以杉木林、阔叶林占主导优势,2007仅以杉木林占优势,阔叶林优势度降低了20．25％;通过对研究区景观格局分析发现,森林景观破碎化程度加大,森林景观的异质性降低,景观要素斑块在景观中的分布向着多样化和均匀化程度发展,斑块形状向着简单化和规则化方向发展。     

基于GIS的森林景观格局研究——以桃山林场红塘沟流域为例

以2009年森林资源二类调查数据为基础,结合GIS分析软件,运用相关景观异质性指数和景观格局指数,系统地分析了红塘沟流域森林景观格局。结果表明:研究区森林景观以有林地为主体,其面积和斑块数的比例分别为73.48%和40.79%,优势度达到3.0338,为研究区景观基质;综合分析景观多样性指数、均匀度指数以及优势度指数表明,研究区景观异质性较低,景观各要素斑块交互镶嵌;景观斑块规模最大的为有林地,各景观斑块形状差异较大。     

Landscape pattern and diversity of natural secondary forests in the eastern mountainous region, northeast China： A case study of Mao＇ershan region in HeUongjiang Province

Mao‘ershan region is a representative natural secondary forested region in the eastern mountainous region, northeast of China. Under the support of ARC/INFO, the landscape pattern and landscape diversity of Mao‘erhshan region were sudied by combining the forest type map (1:10 000), which was drawn from the aerial photographs (1999), field investigation and land utilization map (1:10 000). The selected indices included patch number, patch size, patch density index, richness index,dominance index, evenness index and diversity index. The results showed that the landscape dominant forest type in Mao‘ershan region was softwood broad-leaved forest. In all landscape types, the average patch area of natural secondary forests was bigger than that of artificial forest. The patch density index of each landscape formed in artificial forest was higher than that of natural secondary forest. The landscape diversity index and landscape evenness index of natural forest were highest, the landscape heterogeneity was also, but the landscape dominance was lower. In natural forest, the control effects of landscape elements on landscape-structure, function and its change were weakened. The artificial forest was on the contrary.     

Landscape pattern and fragmentation of natural secondary forests in the eastern mountainous region, northeast China: A case study of Mao'ershan forests in Heilongjiang Province

Mao'ershan region is a representative natural secondary forested region in the eastern mountainous region, northeast of China. Under the support of ARC/INFO and GIS technology, the landscape shape and fragment indices of Mao'ershan experimental plantation were studied by combining the forest type map (1∶10000), which was drawn from the aerial photographs (1999), field investigation (1999) and soil utilized map (1∶10000). The results showed that the shape index and shape fragment index of natural landscape were higher than those of artificial landscapes and landscape patch fragment index depended on the number of patches. The natural forest had complex shape, suffering little jamming, and its shape index was higher than that of artificial forest. The manual controlled landscape (e.g. nursery, cropland and cutting blank) had regular shape, and its shape index was smaller. The fragment index of patches in natural forest was higher than that of artificial forest. The soft broad-leaved had the highest fragment index of patch amount. Foundation item: This paper was supported by National Key Technologies P&D Program of China during the 10^th Five-Year Plan Period (2002BA515B040). Biography: LI Shu-juan (1977-), female, Lecturer in Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

黑龙江省东部山区森林植物多样性与环境梯度的相关性研究

为了探讨森林植物多样性与环境梯度的相关关系,本研究在黑龙江省帽儿山国家森林公园调查了23块不同结构的森林群落,每个群落布设的样方面积为400m2。森林植物多样性的计算采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数,环境梯度的量化采用Whittaker的集合环境梯度计算方法,同时,采用相似性测度方法计算了Beta多样性指数。结果表明:Shannon-Wiener多样性指数随环境梯度的增大而增大,并且β多样性指数与环境梯度呈线性增加的趋势。图2表3参12。     

Relationship between diversity of forest plant and community dynamics in eastern mountain area of Heilongjiang Province, China

Introduction Biodiversity is a popular way of describing the diversity of life on earth. It includes all life forms and the ecosystems in which they live (Menini 1998). Biodiversity plays a fundamental role in organic and sustainable food production, and …     

Effects of community succession dynamics on forest biodiversity in eastern mountainous area of Heilongjiang Province

Plant, insect and forest structures of 25 forest communities were investigated in Mao'ershan Experimental Forest Farm and Liangshui Experimental Forest Farm during 1994–1995. The paper used continuum index (C _i) as a parameter, to quantitatively describe forest community succession stage. Relationships between the biodiversity and continuum index of forest community were studied. The annual species and family diversities in forest plant community showed nonlinear correlation with continuum index, and the largest diversities were during the middle stage of succession. The diversities of total insect community and herbivorous insect group were negatively related withC _i, that of spide group and parasitic insect group was positively related. The pattern diversity and coverage weight diversity index foliage height increased with continuum index. Foundation item: This project was supported by Chinese Academy of Science. Biography: MENG Qing-fan (1965-), male, Ph. doctor, associate professor of Beihua University, Jilin 132013, P.R. China. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

Space-time dynamics of fine root biomass of six forests in the Maoershan forest region, northeast China

The Maoershan forestry centre is situated in the Zhangguangcai Mountain of the Changbai mountain range. The main forest types in the Maoershan region are plantation (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Pinus koraiensis and Larix gmelinii) and natural secondary forests (Fraxinus mandshurica, Quercus mongolica and Populus davidiana). Fine roots have enormous surface areas, growing and turning over quickly, which plays an important role in terms of substance cycling and energy flow in the forest ecosystem. This study deals with the dynamics of live, dead, and total fine roots (≤ 5 mm) biomass in the 0–30 cm soil layer using the soil core method. Differences between the six stands in the Maoershan region showed the following results: 1) the fine root biomass in the various stands showed obvious differences. The total fine root biomass of six stands from high to low were F. mandshurica (1,030.0 g/m²) > Q. mongolica (973.4 g/m²) > Pinus koraiensis (780.9 g/m²) > L. gmelinii (718.2 g/m²) > Populus davidiana (709.1 g/m²) > Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (470.4 g/m²); 2) except for L. gmelinii, the development of live fine root biomass agreed with the trend of total fine root biomass. The maximum biomass of live fine roots in Pinus koraiensis or L. gmelinii stand appeared in May, others in June; in the F. mandshurica stand, the minimum biomass of live fine roots occurred in September, others in July or August; 3) the proportions of dead fine root biomass varied in different stands; 4) the vertical distribution of fine roots was affected by temperature, water, and nutrients; the proportion of fine root biomass was concentrated in the 0–10 cm soil layer. The fine root biomass of six stands in the 0–10 cm soil layer was over 40% of the total fine root biomass; this proportion was 60.3% in F. mandshurica. Space-time dynamics of the various stands had different characteristics. When investigating the substance cycling and energy flows of all forest ecosystems, we should consider the characteristics of different stands in order to improve the precision of our estimates. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2006, 42(6): 13–19 [译自: 林业科学]     

Relationship between diversity of forest plant species and environmental gradient in eastern mountainous area of Heilongjiang Province, China

Twenty-three secondary forest communities with different structure were selected in Mao＇er Mountain National Park of Heilongjiang Province, China to study the relationship between diversity of forest plant species and environmental gradient. The forest plant species diversity was analyzed by the diversity index, and the environmental factors was quantified by the method of Whittaker＇s quantification of environmental gradient. Meanwhile, β-diversity indexes of communities were calculated with similar measurements. The results showed that the Shannon-wiener diversity index of forest plant species increased with the increase of the environmental gradient, and the β-diversity indexes of communities showed a liner increase along with the change of environmental gradient.     

辽东山区天然次生林经营现状,存在问题及对策

文章对辽东山区天然次生林经营现状及在生产中存在的主要问题进行了分析、探讨,并就现有的天然次生林中亟待解决的问题提出了几点参与意见,即增强资源与环境意识;实和行森林分类经营;利用天然林环境优势,发展多种经营;停止皆伐,栽针保阔;采取长轮伐期作业,培育大径材;进行封山育林。