米尔贝肟对犬蠕形螨的临床疗效试验

为了研究米尔贝肟对犬蠕形螨的临床疗效,通过对照、平行试验,将15只临床自然感染犬蠕形螨病犬分为5组,每组3只。A组:伊维菌素组(药物对照组):每天单次口服0.5 mg/kg;B至D组为米尔贝肟组(试验组):每天分别单次口服0.5、1.5和2.5 mg/kg(临床推荐剂量的1、3、5倍);E组:犬蠕形螨病组(未用药对照组)。其中,伊维菌素组由0.1 mg/kg开始逐日加到指定剂量并延续。试验持续4个月。结果:米尔贝肟和伊维菌素对犬蠕形螨都有效,临床症状均有缓解。但A组在治疗第3个月出现治愈犬,试验结束时治愈率达67%,B、C和D组在治疗第2个月便有犬治愈,试验结束时B组治愈率为67%,C、D组治愈率100%。在给药期间,犬各项生理指标未见明显变化。本研究为探寻治疗犬蠕形螨提供了更为安全有效的治疗途径,缓解了目前国内治疗犬蠕形螨病药物局限且毒副作用较大的尴尬局面。     

伊维菌素注射剂对绵羊疥螨病的治疗效果观察

应用伊维菌素注射剂,对自然感染绵羊疥螨的33只病羊进行治疗效果试验,并设阳性对照组。结果:伊维菌素注射剂治疗组绵羊在用药后48~72h,瘙痒症状明显减轻,用药后7、14d检查,查到部分活的疥螨:21d检查,未查到活的疥螨。试验表明,伊维菌素注射剂0.2mg/kg体重剂量对初期感染绵羊疥螨的病样一次给药即可治愈;对严重感染者间隔7~10d再次给药具有良好的杀螨效果。     

米尔贝肟片对犬血液学指标的影响

为了评价米尔贝肟片对犬的安全性,将24只本地健康杂种犬,随机分为4组,分别按0.5、1.5、2.5、5.0 mg/kg体重剂量(相当于临床推荐剂量的1、3、5、10倍)食喂米尔贝肟片,每组6只,连续给药3 d.在用药前及用药后1、3、7、14 d测定其体温、体重、血常规及肝肾功能指标.结果表明,与给药前相比,4种剂量的米尔贝肟片对犬血常规及肝肾功能指标无显著影响,且动物体温、体重及临床表现均正常.说明米尔贝肟片对犬可安全用药.     

米尔贝肟片对犬血液学指标和肝肾功能的影响

为了评价米尔贝肟片对犬的安全性,将24只本地健康杂种犬,随机分为4组,分别按0.5、1.5、2.5、5.0 mg/kg剂量（相当于临床推荐剂量的1、3、5、10倍）食喂米尔贝肟片,连续给药3d。在用药前（0 d）和用药后1、3、7、14 d测定其体温、体重、血常规及肝肾功能指标。结果表明,与给药前相比,4种剂量的米尔贝肟片对犬的血常规及肝肾功能指标无显著影响,且动物体温、体重及临床表现均正常。说明米尔贝肟片在试验剂量下对犬的血液学和肝肾功能没有影响。     

多拉菌素防治绵羊痒螨病试验

目的　肯定多拉菌素防治绵羊痒螨病的效果 ,为临床应用提供科学依据。方法　试验分 5组 (多拉菌素高、中、低剂量组、伊维菌素对照组及空白对照组 ) ,根据试验前后螨虫寄生数量和临床变化判定疗效。结论　多拉菌素防治绵羊痒螨病效果确实可靠 ,其中以高剂量组和中剂量组最为显著 ,推荐剂量为中剂量组即 2 0 0 μg/kg体重     

伊维菌素浇泼剂和注射剂驱除牛消化道线虫临床效果观察

为验证伊维菌素浇泼剂对牛消化道线虫的临床驱虫效果,筛选高效方便的剂型,本试验将自然感染消化道线虫的80头病牛随机分成5组:高、中、低剂量组、伊维菌素注射组(药物对照组)和不给药组(空白对照组),各组牛按如下方法给药:高、中、低剂量组分别按每100 kg体重15、10、5 m L背部浇泼给药,药物对照组每100 kg体重2 m L颈部皮下注射给药。结果:伊维菌素浇泼剂对牛消化道线虫的驱虫效果以高、中剂量为佳,高、中剂量组与低剂量组差异极显著,与药物对照组差异不显著。伊维菌素浇泼剂安全高效、简便易行,适合在生产中大力推广使用。     

伊维菌素片剂对绒山羊螨病的治疗效果观察

应用伊维菌素片剂对青海省互助县108只绒山羊进行了螨病治疗效果实验,并设阳性对照组.结果表明,伊维菌素治疗组山羊在用药48～72 h后,瘙痒症状明显减轻,用药后21 d检查,未查到活的螨虫.实验表明,伊维菌素0.3 mg/kg体重剂量对初期感染绒山羊螨病一次给药即可治愈,对严重感染者间隔7～10 d再次给药后,得到良好的治疗效果.     

伊维菌素注射剂对黄牛痒螨病的治疗效果观察

应用伊维菌素注射剂,对自然感染牛痒蜻的29头黄牛进行治疗效果试验,并设阳性对照组.结果:伊维菌素治疗组黄牛在用药后72～96h,瘙痒症状明显减轻,用药后21d检查,未查到活的牛痒螨.试验表明,伊维菌素0.2mg/kg体重剂量对初期感染牛痒螨的病牛一次给药即可治愈;对严重感染者间隔10d再次给药具有良好的杀螨效果.     

多拉菌素驱除猪体内线虫试验

选取 8 0头仔猪进行驱除体内线虫试验 ,试验分 5组进行 (多拉菌素高、中、低剂量组、伊维菌素对照组及空白对照组 )。通过试验前后寄生虫感染情况的比较 ,表明多拉菌素驱除猪寄生线虫效果确实、可靠 ,其中高剂量组和中剂量组药物残效期达 2 8d。推荐使用中剂量即 3 0 0 μg/kg体重     

赛拉菌素溶液临床药效试验报告

对赛拉菌素(HS013)溶液(0.75 mL:45 mg)进行了对靶动物犬的临床药效试验,试验分为5组,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组给予赛拉菌素溶液,即高剂量组12mg/kg体重,中剂量组6 mg/kg体重、低剂量组3mg/kg体重,Ⅳ组做药物对照组(REVOLUTION)6mg/kg体重,V组不用任何药物治疗,作为空白对照组。结果显示,HS013按6¹2mg/kg体重推荐剂量应用对犬体外的血虱、跳蚤、螨虫等节肢昆虫及体内的狮蛔虫、弓首蛔虫、食道口线虫、毛首线虫、钩口线虫、胃线虫等线虫均有很好的治疗效果,其中对血虱和跳蚤的有效治疗剂量甚至可降至3 mg/kg体重,但对蠕形螨的治疗剂量应超过6 mg/kg体重,并且间隔30d左右用药212mg/kg体重推荐剂量应用对犬体外的血虱、跳蚤、螨虫等节肢昆虫及体内的狮蛔虫、弓首蛔虫、食道口线虫、毛首线虫、钩口线虫、胃线虫等线虫均有很好的治疗效果,其中对血虱和跳蚤的有效治疗剂量甚至可降至3 mg/kg体重,但对蠕形螨的治疗剂量应超过6 mg/kg体重,并且间隔30d左右用药2³次以上才能治愈;在推荐剂量范围内试验药物赛拉菌素溶液与进口对照药REVOLUTION溶液对犬体外的血虱、跳蚤、螨虫及体内食道口线虫、钩口线虫、毛首线虫的驱除效果相当,临床推荐剂量为6mg/kg体重。     

Efficacy of a novel formulation of metaflumizone plus amitraz for the treatment of sarcoptic mange in dogs

A novel spot-on formulation containing metaflumizone plus amitraz (ProMeris/ProMeris Duo for Dogs, Fort Dodge Animal Health, Overland Park, KS) was evaluated for efficacy against sarcoptic mange mites in naturally infested dogs. Sixteen dogs were allocated to two equal groups and were housed individually. Eight of the dogs were treated topically with metaflumizone plus amitraz at the proposed minimum dose rate (20mg/kg of each of metaflumizone and amitraz, at a dose volume of 0.133ml/kg) on Days 0 and 28. The other eight were treated with metaflumizone plus amitraz at the proposed minimum dose rate on Days 0, 14, 28 and 42. To enumerate Sarcoptes scabiei mites, skin scrapings were taken on each of Days 2, 14, 28, 42 and 56. Clinical signs of mange and the extent of sarcoptic lesions were evaluated on each dog when scrapings were made. Evaluation of the efficacy of the treatment was based on the absence of mites supported by the absence of clinical signs associated with canine sarcoptic mange. Treatment with metaflumizone plus amitraz at the minimum proposed dose rate at monthly (two treatments) or two-weekly (four treatments) intervals resulted in a rapid reduction of mites and improved clinical signs. The overall cure rates at Day 56, based on zero mite counts and/or resolution of clinical signs were 75% and 83% of dogs for the monthly and two-weekly regimens, respectively.     

The efficacy of an imidacloprid/moxidectin combination against naturally acquired Sarcoptes scabiei infestations on dogs

The study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the efficacy of an imidacloprid (10% w/v)/moxidectin (2.5% w/v) combination (Advocate Bayer HealthCare, Animal Health) with that of selamectin for the treatment of Sarcoptes scabiei on dogs. Thirty naturally infested dogs, of which one was later withdrawn because of distemper, were allocated to two equal groups and individually housed. The dogs in each group were treated twice, four weeks apart, with either the combination product (0.1 mL/kg body weight) or with selamectin (0.05 mL/kg body weight) administered topically. Skin scrapings were made every 14 days over a period of 50 to 64 days after the first treatment to quantify mite numbers. Clinical signs and the extent of sarcoptic lesions were assessed on each dog when skin scrapings were made. Efficacy was based on the presence or absence of mites, supported by clinical signs associated with canine sarcoptic mange. From Day 22 and onwards no Sarcoptes mites were found in the skin scrapings of any of the treated dogs. Treatment with the imidacloprid/moxidectin formulation or with selamectin was highly effective against Sarcoptes scabiei and resulted in an almost complete resolution of clinical signs within 50 to 64 days after the initial treatment.     

Safety evaluation of orally administered afoxolaner and milbemycin oxime in eight‐week‐old dogs

The safety profile of afoxolaner (an isoxazoline molecule) when combined with milbemycin oxime (a macrocyclic lactone) was evaluated according to the regulatory requirements when administered six times orally in a soft chewable formulation at a dose of at least 1×, 3×, or 5× the maximum exposure dose in 8‐week‐old Beagle dogs. Thirty‐two healthy puppies (16 males and 16 females) were enrolled and allocated randomly to one of four treatment groups. Three doses were administered at 28‐day intervals (Days 0, 28, and 56), followed by three additional doses administered with 14‐day intervals (Days 84, 98, and 112). The study ended on Day 126. Treatment groups were as follows: Group 1: untreated, sham‐dosed control; Group 2: afoxolaner/milbemycin oxime chews administered at a dose of at least 5 and 1 mg/kg, respectively (1×); Group 3: afoxolaner/milbemycin oxime chews administered at a dose of at least 15 and 3 mg/kg, respectively (3); and Group 4: afoxolaner/milbemycin oxime chews administered at a dose of at least 25 and 5 mg/kg, respectively (5×). All dogs were examined for general health twice a day beginning on Day ‐14. Physical examinations, and blood collections for clinical pathology analysis and afoxolaner and milbemycin oxime plasma concentrations, were performed throughout the study. No afoxolaner/milbemycin oxime treatment‐related changes were observed in growth, physical variables, clinical pathology variables, or tissues examined histologically. No clinically relevant or statistically significant health abnormalities related to the administration of afoxolaner/milbemycin oxime were observed. No signs of macrocyclic lactone sensitivity were observed at any time during the study. Vomiting and diarrhea were observed sporadically across all groups including the controls. Based upon the results of this study, afoxolaner/milbemycin oxime soft chewables were shown to be safe when administered repeatedly at up to 5× the maximum exposure dose in dogs as young as 8 weeks of age.     

New approaches to the treatment of canine demodicosis.

Topical amitraz is the only approved treatment for CGD; however, it is not always effective or well tolerated. Extra-label use of amitraz, milbemycin oxime, ivermectin, and moxidectin may be effective therapeutical alternatives for dogs with resistant CGD or dogs that have an intolerance to the licensed amitraz protocol. It appears that oral administration of milbemycin oxime (1-2 mg/kg), ivermectin (400-600 micrograms/kg), and moxidectin (400 micrograms/kg) daily is a practical therapeutical alternative and would provide similar cure rates. Nevertheless, milbemycin oxime is expensive, ivermectin is potentially more toxic, and only limited information is available on moxidectin. The average treatment duration with these new regimens is 4 months, with an expected range of 3 to 10 months. Treatment should be administered daily for a minimum of 3 months and for at least 1 month after a series of negative skin scrapings. For chronic cases or cases that take a relatively long time to respond to therapy, 2 to 3 months of treatment beyond negative scrapings may be more appropriate. Dogs with CGD always approach clinical normalcy weeks to months before negative skin scrapings are obtained. All dogs respond at their own rate; as long as the skin scrapings at each visit show fewer mites, the current therapy should be continued for an additional month. If the mite count starts to increase, this may suggest that the treatment protocol is not being followed or it may be that the therapy chosen was suboptimally effective. Although CGD is still a disease that is not easily treated, the prognosis for dogs with this disorder has dramatically improved in the past few years. It must be remembered, however, that the treatment alternatives for CGD described above are not approved and should not be used unless the approved therapeutical regimen has failed.     

Clinicopathologic findings, sensitivity to house dust mites and efficacy of milbemycin oxime treatment of dogs with Cheyletiella sp. infestation

Twenty-three dogs with positive skin scrapings for Cheyletiella sp. were treated with milbemycin oxime using a protocol approximating 2 mg kg⁻¹ orally once weekly for three weeks. Nineteen of these dogs belonged to a household of 41 dogs and two dogs were in households with one other dog. All in-contact dogs were treated. Pre-treatment intradermal skin tests showed positive reactions to D. farinae in 13 dogs and to D. pteronyssinus in 12 dogs; these became negative post-treatment in four and seven dogs, respectively. All dogs showed a dramatic reduction in clinical signs one week after the third treatment. Eighteen dogs no longer had mites on skin scrapings, three had dead mites and two had deformed eggs. Recurrence of clinical signs necessitated two additional courses of the protocol in the multiple dog household and for a dog receiving immunosuppressive treatment for pemphigus foliaceus. Possible adverse reactions to the milbemycin (vomiting, lethargy) were noted once in two dogs.     

Use of doramectin for treatment of sarcoptic mange in five Angora rabbits

The efficacy of administering doramectin after moxidectin treatment, which has previously proved only partially effective, was evaluated in five Angora rabbits naturally infested with Sarcoptes scabiei mange. Evaluations included physical examination for clinical signs of sarcoptic mange and collection of skin scrapings for determination of mites. The rabbits first received two subcutaneous injections, 10 days apart, of moxidectin 1% injectable solution at a dosage of 0.2 mg kg(-1) of bodyweight. Although moxidectin treatment resulted in clinical improvement within 10 days post initial injection, on days 10 and 35 post initial treatment live mites were present in skin scrapings. Administration of doramectin 1% injectable solution using the same route and dosage and at similar intervals to moxidectin led to complete disappearance of signs of scabies and parasitological cure in all rabbits.     

Efficacy of a novel formulation of metaflumizone plus amitraz for the treatment of demodectic mange in dogs

A novel spot-on formulation containing metaflumizone plus amitraz (ProMeris/ProMeris Duo for Dogs, Fort Dodge Animal Health, Overland Park, KS) was evaluated for efficacy against demodectic mange mites in naturally infested dogs. Sixteen dogs were allocated to two equal groups and individually housed. Eight of the dogs were treated topically with metaflumizone plus amitraz at the proposed minimum dose rate (20mg/kg of each of metaflumizone and amitraz, 0.133ml/kg) on Days 0, 28, and 56. The other eight were treated with metaflumizone plus amitraz at the proposed minimum dose rate on Days 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, and 70. Mite numbers were estimated from skin scrapings taken on Days -3 to -1, 28, 56, and 84. Clinical signs of mange and the extent of demodectic lesions on each dog were evaluated when skin scrapings were conducted. Efficacy of the treatment was based on a reduction in mite numbers and an assessment of the clinical signs associated with canine demodectic mange. Treatment at monthly or two-weekly intervals for 3 months resulted in a rapid reduction in mite numbers (>94 and >99% for the monthly and two-weekly treatments, respectively) and an improvement in clinical signs. Success rates, based on zero mite counts in skin scrapings at Day 84 were 42.9 and 62.5% of dogs for the monthly and two-weekly regimens, respectively.     

Treatment with ivermectin of sarcoptic mange in pigs

Ivermectin injectable solution (1% w/v) was highly effective against Sarcoptes scabiei var suis when administered subcutaneously once to swine at 300 mcg/kg body weight. There were significantly (P < 0.05) fewer Sarcoptes mange mites counted on pigs treated with ivermectin than on untreated pigs at each count up to day 56 after treatment. The results indicate ivermectin should provide an efficient, practical means of control of sarcoptic mange in intensive piggeries.     

Sarcoptic mange in captive maras: the first known outbreak and complete recovery with colony-wide acaricide treatment

Among 16 maras housed as a colony at a zoo, 2 initially showed generalized dermal lesions on the legs, head and abdomen. Approximately 1 month later, following completion of therapy with amitraz, 6 maras in the same colony, including the 2 previously diseased animals, showed dermal lesions with severe alopecia and crusting. Sarcoptic mange was diagnosed on skin scrapings on the basis of morphological criteria. The mites were highly mobile and abundant in all cases, and no other causative agents were detected. Colony-wide treatment with ivermectin and prednisolone was administered weekly for a total of 4 treatments. After therapy was completed in all cohabitants, follow-up scrapings were negative for Sarcoptes scabiei. This report describes the first known outbreak of sarcoptic mange in captive maras and successful treatment with acaricides.     

Assessment of toxicosis induced by high-dose administration of milbemycin oxime in collies

Fifteen Collies, previously having mild reactions to ivermectin challenge (120 micrograms/kg of body weight; 20 times the recommended dosage level), were studied to evaluate the effects of milbemycin oxime administration at 5 and 10 mg/kg (10 and 20 times the manufacturer's recommended dosage). Five replicates, comprising 3 dogs each, were formed on the basis of body weight. Within replicates, each dog was randomly allocated to treatment with 5 or 10 mg of milbemycin/kg or served as a untreated control. Dogs were examined repeatedly for signs of toxicosis for 4 days after treatment and daily thereafter. Two of 5 dogs treated at 5 mg/kg (10x) developed signs of mild depression on the day of treatment, but were normal 24 hours after treatment. All 5 dogs treated at 10 mg/kg (20x) developed signs of mild depression and ataxia by 6 hours. Signs persisted for 24 hours in 3 dogs. Two of these dogs also had mydriasis, whereas 3 salivated excessively. All dogs recovered completely by day 2 after treatment. The results of this study demonstrated that Collies sensitive to the effects of 120 micrograms of ivermectin (20x)/kg show similar sensitivity to the effects of milbemycin oxine administered at 10 mg/kg (20x). We conclude that ivermectin and milbemycin commercial formulations have similar margins of safety and that milbemycin toxicosis appears to be dose-dependent in Collies with a demonstrated sensitivity to ivermectin.