有机溶剂盐溶液分离二醇型人参皂苷的研究

为确定分离二醇型人参皂苷最佳的有机溶剂及其用量。采用二醇型人参皂苷单体在有机溶剂CaCl2盐溶液中的不同溶解度进行萃取,经高效液相色谱检测,得出最优的有机溶剂及其用量。结果显示丙酮CaCl2盐溶液分离二醇型人参皂苷效果最佳。分离萃取二醇型人参皂苷最佳条件为皂苷(g):5% CaCl2(mL):丙酮(mL)=4:5:35。     

药用植物人参中的活性物质人参皂苷的生物医学功能研究

人参(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer)是五加科人参属多年生草本植物。人参皂苷(Ginsenoside)是一类固醇类化合物,又称三萜皂苷,主要存在于人参属药材中。人参皂苷被视为是人参中的活性成分,因而成为研究的目标,其中Rg1是非常重要的活性成分之一。研究发现,Rg1可快速缓解疲劳、改善学习记忆、延缓衰老,具有兴奋中枢神经作用、抑制血小板凝集作用。本研究试图采用人参皂苷介入中医治疗,探讨人参中的活性成分人参皂苷的生物医学功能,明确人参皂甙在缓解疲损、修复细胞组织方面的效应。研究表明,人参皂苷治疗有较好的止痛效果,且交互作用良好(P<0.05或P<0.01)。对双膝关节屈曲功能得到了很大的提高,明显优于对照组,且交互作用极好(P<0.01)。治疗后患者生活质量得到了极大提高,且交互作用极其显著(P<0.01)。总之,人参皂苷对高强度运动所致膝关节受损有着非常良好的缓解和修复等疗效。     

山西老陈醋中华行北京站将于近日成行

据韩国报道,韩国农村振兴厅日前表示,已经成功地从积雪草中分离出合成人参中大量含有的皂苷成分所需的核心基因。皂苷的种类很多,大豆等双子叶植物里大都含有皂苷,但只有具备被称为“达玛烯二醇”的基因结构的皂苷才能对免疫、内分泌、代谢发挥药效。此前该种成分只发现存在于人参中。     

人参多糖提取分析方法及生物活性研究进展

人参功能成分研究逐渐受到重视,除了人参皂苷为主要功能成分外,人参多糖因具有多种药理功效(如抗肿瘤、免疫调节、降多糖、抗疲劳等)而受到广泛关注。但对人参多糖的系统报道仍然较少,综述了人参多糖的提取、分离纯化、结构鉴定方法,以及生物活性等方面的相关研究,为开辟更为广阔的新型功能型食品市场提供了相关依据。     

人参皂苷在人参发酵酒中变化规律的研究

人参皂苷(Ginsenoside,GS)是一种固醇类化合物,也称三萜皂苷,主要存在于人参属药材中。人参皂苷被视为是人参中的活性成分,因而成为研究的对象。由于人参皂苷影响人体多重代谢通路,所以其效能较复杂,而且各种人参皂苷的效能较难分离。现已明确知道的GS单体有40余种,其中研究最多且与肿瘤细胞凋亡最为相关的为Rg3与Rh2。人参中的皂苷是人参的主要有效成分,尤其是Rg3与Rh2对肝癌细胞具有诱导分化、抑制凋亡的作用,同时也对C6胶质瘤细胞的增殖抑制和诱导凋亡具有一定的作用。通过对人参发酵酒的发酵过程和陈酿过程中皂苷含量变化的检测,进一步确定人参发酵酒的最佳发酵时间和陈酿时间,从而优化人参发酵酒的最佳工艺。     

应用白腐菌漆酶提取人参皂苷Re的工艺研究

利用漆酶对人参中木质素成分的降解作用,以提高人参皂苷Re提取率为目的,采用正交试验对漆酶酶解条件进行了研究。结果表明,人参皂苷Re最佳提取工艺为:1 g人参粉加入1.5 g漆酶(25 000 DLU/g),在60℃,pH值5.0下,酶解1.5 h,用甲醇加热回流提取人参皂苷Re。经漆酶酶解处理后人参皂苷Re提取率达到0.511%,比传统加热回流法提高了90.0%。     

不同生育期光合叶面积对人参皂苷含量的影响

为了研究不同茎叶数人参在不同生育期人参皂苷含量变化规律,以三年生、四年生三茎、二茎和单茎人参为研究对象,以人参皂苷为检测指标,采集集安不同茎叶数和不同生育期的人参,用紫外分光光度计法测定总皂苷含量,并用HPLC法测定7种单体皂苷的含量,比较其变化规律。①人参皂苷的含量随生长年限的增加而增加;在不同的生育期内,三年生、四年生人参在红果期人参总皂苷含量最高,其含量分别为4.46%、4.94%、4.97%、6.69%、5.00%。②不同茎数人参、双茎叶人参总皂苷含量高于单茎叶人参和三茎叶人参的总皂苷含量。③不同时期参根中单体皂苷含量不同。总体而言,其不同生育期单体皂苷红果期Rb1含量最高,其四年双茎Rb1含量最高为1.035 mg/g;而枯萎期时Rd含量最低,三年单茎Rd含量最低为0.105 mg/g。且不同茎叶数人参,双茎叶人参的单体皂苷高于三茎叶和单茎叶的人参的单体皂苷。人参皂苷的含量与生育期和茎数有密切的关系,建议栽培时做双茎化处理,并在红果期末期采收。     

人参发状根的相关研究进展

人参发状根具有生长速度快、激素自养、皂苷含量高等特点,是大规模生产人参皂苷的有效途径。本综述在发根农杆菌转化机理、诱导体系建立、发状根鉴定研究的基础上对Ri质粒作用机理、影响诱导率的因素、人参发状根的形态及分子鉴定进行了重点分析,并对今后急需研究的几个方向进行了展望,以期为人参发状根的有效开发和合理利用提供参考。     

满族药物的历史贡献——以人参的利用为例

人参(Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.)是满族重要的常用药物。400多年前,清太祖发明了红参炮制方法。红参保肝、抗氧化以及抗肿瘤作用均比人参要好。现代研究表明,人参炮制后其成分发生了很大的变化,尤其是产生了很多稀有的人参皂苷。随后,人参皂苷Rg3被成功地工业化生产,并研制成一类抗癌新药。人参开发利用的经验表明,通过对满族药物的不断挖掘,会有更多有价值的潜在药源化合物被发现,这对于解决人类的健康问题至关重要。     

人参饮料加工工艺优化及人参单体皂苷变化研究

以人参须为原料,通过浸提、调配等工艺制得人参饮料。结果表明,人参须浸提的最佳条件为浸提温度80℃,浸提时间60 min,料液比1∶20;人参饮料调配的最佳配方为浸提液20%,白砂糖10%,柠檬酸0.2%。通过高效液相色谱法,对人参饮料加工过程中人参单体皂苷的含量进行测定,人参皂苷Rd变化较大,降低34.69%;人参皂苷Rb2和Rb3次之;Re和Rb1的含量变化较小,分别为6.21%和1.36%。     

Effects of Two Planting Systems on Soil Structure and Root Growth of Maize (Zea mays L.)

In 1994 two planting systems of maize—rotary hoe-sowing (RS) and plough (2 diskings) sowing (PDS)—were compared in the field with respect to their influence on the root growth of maize and on selected physical properties. Roots were sampled at the five-leaf stage (S:5) and the milk stage of the maize seeds (S:MS).
Generally, in the PDS planting system the roots were richer compared to the RS. At the S:5 stage the correlation coefficient between the physical properties and the toot system was considerably higher, while at the S:MS stage the corresponding correlation coefficient was much lower.
In the RS planting system, at 15 cm and 30 cm distances from the sowing rows, far fewer roots were observed than in the PDS one.     

基因枪转化玉米愈伤组织参数的优化

以玉米愈伤组织为受体 ,借助GUS基因的短暂表达 ,优化了PDS 10 0 0 /He型基因枪和自制基因枪的基因枪转化参数。PDS 10 0 0 /He型基因枪转化玉米愈伤组织的最佳轰击参数为 135 0psi压力 ,2 5In·Hg真空度 ,6cm射击距离。自制基因枪转化玉米愈伤组织的最佳轰击参数为0 6MPa ,10cm射击距离     

基于PDS基因的番茄VIGS高效沉默体系的优化

病毒诱导的基因沉默（VIGS）具有独特优势,被广泛应用于基因功能验证。高效基因沉默体系的建立和优化是对目标基因功能进行研究的前提和基础。以番茄品种money maker和携带八氢番茄红素脱氢酶（PDS）基因序列的TRV病毒载体为材料,研究了农杆菌不同OD值、不同侵染方法以及侵染后不同培养温度对PDS基因沉默株率的影响。结果表明,农杆菌OD值分别为0.50、1.00和1.50时,PDS基因的沉默株率分别为5%、13%和6%;当农杆菌OD值为1.0时,采用注射法、真空浸润法和注射处理24h后再进行真空浸润后的PDS基因沉默株率分别为13%、30%和15%;侵染后的培养温度对于基因沉默株率也有显著影响,在25℃时的沉默株率为13%,22℃时沉默株率达到46%。以上研究表明,农杆菌OD值为1.00时,注射24h后再进行真空浸润,接种后植株在22℃下生长能够提高番茄目标基因的沉默株率。     

Investigatied Development on Immune Regulation of Polysaccharide

Polysaccharide exists widely in the cell or cell wall of plant, animal, microorganism and epiphyte. As a kind of biologic substance having the action of immune regulation, it can enhance the function of both the nonspecific immunity and the specific immunity. The polysaccharide implements the regulation on immunity system by the following methods : stimulating the function of mononuclear phagocyte system, accelerating the proliferation of lymphocyte, promoting the level of antibody, inducing the exudation of cytokine, activating the complement system, and so on. In the international and domestic research, investigating on the actions of polysaccharide and its pharmacological functions is a primary goal. The pharmacological functions and the mechanism of the polysaccharide immune regulation are summanized.     

Genetic gain and correlations among traits for stink bug resistance in soybeans

An experiment was carried out at the State University of Londrina School Farm in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications; the plots underwent natural stink bug attacks to check correlations existing among agronomic traits and stink bug damage in 33 F₈ pure lines soybean. The seed size trait was measured by the weight of a hundred seeds (WHS) and the percentage of stink bug damage seeds (PDS) was measured by staining the seeds with tetrazolium at 0.01%. Seeds were considered damaged with at least one puncture and or with marks characteristic of stink bug. The phenotypic and genotypic correlations between the WHS and the PDS seeds were positive, being 0.51 and 0.67 ± 0.19, respectively. The relationship between the visual pod width (VPW) and PDS was also significant, being 0.41 and 0.54 ± 0.19 for phenotypic and genotypic correlations, respectively. Thus the breeder can select lines for stink bug resistance indirectly either by WHS or VPW. These two traits are very easy to assess when compared with the assessment of PDS damage, allowing the use of larger populations. However, in this case, the genetic gains by selection were smaller than those obtained by direct selection, but even so they were considered noteworthy. The VPW may be an efficient way of selection in large populations for stink bug resistance. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

棉花八氢番茄红素脱氢酶GhPDS1基因的克隆与表达谱分析

八氢番茄红素脱氢酶(PDS)在胡萝卜素生理代谢和病毒诱导外源基因沉默中起着非常重要的作用.本研究通过同源克隆方法,分析已报道植物八氢番茄红素脱氢酶氨基酸保守区,设计筒并引物,扩增出编码棉花PDS基因cDNA中间片段.通过RACE技术成功地克隆了棉花PDS基因的全长cDNA,命名为GhPDS1(GenBank No.HQ...     

Identification of QTL underlying the resistance of soybean to pod borer, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Leguminivora glycinivorella</Emphasis> (Mats.) obraztsov,and correlations with plant,pod and seed traits

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) pod borer (Leguminivora glycinivorella (Mats.) Obraztsov) (SPB) results in severe loss in soybean yield and quality in certain regions of the world, especially in Northeastern China, Japan and Russia. The aim here was to evaluate the inheritance of pod borer resistance and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying SPB resistance for the acceleration of the control of this pest. Used were the 129 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of the F_5:6 derived population from ‘Dong Nong 1068’ × ‘Dong Nong 8004’ and 131 SSR markers. Correlations between the percentage of damaged seeds (PDS) by pod borer and plant, pod and seed traits that were potentially related to SPB resistance were analyzed. The results showed highly significant correlations between PDS by pod borer and plant height (PH), maturity date (MA), pod color (PC), pubescence density (PB), 100-seed weight (SW) and protein content existed. Soybeans with dwarf stem, light color of pod coat, small seeds, lower density of pubescence, early maturity and low content of protein seemed to have higher resistance to SPB. The correlated traits had potential to inhibit egg deposition and thereby to decrease the damage by SPB. Three QTL directly associated with the resistance to SPB judged by PDS at harvest were identified. qRspb-1 (Satt541–Satt253) and qRspb-2 (Satt253–Satt314) were both on linkage group (LG) H and qRspb-3 (Satt288–Satt199) on LG G. The three QTL explained 10.96, 9.73 and 11.59% of the phenotypic variation for PDS, respectively. In addition, 12 QTL that underlay 10 of 13 traits potentially related with SPB resistance were found. These QTL detected jointly provide potential for marker assisted selection to improve cultivar resistance to SPB. Guiyun Zhao, Jian Wang, and Yingpeng Han have equal contribution to the paper.     

ANSYS/PDS风电齿轮箱收缩盘联接可靠性分析

笔者建立了某风电齿轮箱主轴收缩盘联接的轴对称参数化有限元模型,并结合主轴扭矩作用应用ANSYS非线性接触对该模型进行了强度分析。由于材料属性、制造过程、边界条件以及载荷等设计参数的不确定性会影响计算的精确性,应用ANSYS/PDS模块,根据失效模式确定整体功能函数并由此建立结构极限状态方程,采用蒙特卡罗超拉丁采样方法对收缩盘联接进行可靠性分析,得到整体联接的可靠度和失效率,并给出累积概率分布。研究结果表明:收缩盘传扭联接性能和结构件强度均满足设计要求,其联接的可靠度达到94.8%,达到了工程设计要求,对风电齿轮箱收缩盘联接的可靠性设计具有一定的指导意义。     

中国水仙八氢番茄红素脱氢酶基因(PDS)的克隆及表达分析

八氢番茄红素脱氢酶（PDS）是影响类胡萝卜素合成的一个重要限速酶,在植物花色发育过程中起着重要作用。采用RT-PCR技术从中国水仙（Narcissustazetta var.chinensis）幼嫩花蕾中分离到一个新的水仙花色发育相关的PDS基因,命名为NTPDS1（GenBank登记号：EU138883）。该基因长1719bp,具有一个1713bp的完整开放读码框（ORF）,编码570个氨基酸。序列分析表明,NTPDS1编码的氨基酸序列与其它植物的PDS蛋白有很高的相似性。系统进化树分析显示,NTPDS1与喇叭水仙亲缘关系最近。利用半定量PCR技术进行组织表达模式分析发现,该基因在中国水仙的花、叶片和根中均有表达,但以花器官中表达量最高;在花瓣和副冠中的表达量高于雄蕊和雌蕊。     

植物显色物质研究进展

对植物显色物质的种类,在自然界中的分布,结构特征及药理活性等方面的研究进展进行了综述。指出酚类和醌类色素在自然界分布广泛,是植物重要的显色物质,由于其结构易被氧化所以其药理活性主要表现为抗氧化和自由基清除。目前对这类物质的研究不仅限于对其提取,分离及功能的研究,而且已深入到对其代谢途径及其作用机理的研究。笔者还指出通过植物转基因及细胞培养来生产这类物质是新的发展趋势。