井上蛀果斑螟昼夜行为节律研究

为明确井上蛀果斑螟(Assara inouei)昼夜行为节律,在温度(25±1)℃、光周期L∥D=15h∥9h、RH 60%±10%条件下,系统观察了井上蛀果斑螟的羽化、交配、产卵、卵孵化及幼虫化蛹等行为节律。结果表明:井上蛀果斑螟的羽化、交配、产卵、孵化、化蛹行为具有明显的昼夜节律。成虫的羽化主要发生在18:00-04:00,此时成虫的羽化数量占总羽化数量的80%以上,其中以20:00-22:00羽化率最高;成虫交配活动主要发生在04:00-08:00,交配率超过75%,以06:00-08:00交配率最高;单次交配持续时间为20~60min,平均为42.12min;其产卵活动主要发生在02:00-10:00,该时段所产卵量达到总产卵量的73.99%,显著高于其他时段;卵孵化主要发生在04:00-10:00和16:00-20:00两个时段,卵的孵化数量占孵化总数的82.86%,显著高于其他时段;幼虫化蛹主要发生在10:00-14:00和18:00-22:00两个时段,幼虫化蛹数占总化蛹数的72.83%,化蛹高峰为18:00-20:00。     

菜粉蝶蛹寄生蜂—风蝶金小蜂研究简报

1975年在芜湖市郊发现一种蝶蛹寄生蜂,风蝶金小蜂Pteromalus puparum L.对菜粉蝶蛹寄生率很高。现将情况简报如下。 1.生活史据六年来在芜湖市郊野外调查及室内饲养观察,该蜂11月上旬以幼虫在寄主蛹内越冬。翌年2月下旬至3月中旬进入蛹期,3月中旬至4月上旬均有羽化的成蜂出现。一般羽化后经20分钟即行交尾。交尾后12小时即可产卵。雌蜂产卵于即将化蛹的老熟菜青虫体内。被寄生的菜青虫仍即化蛹。卵期1—2天。幼虫在寄主蛹内吸取汁液。3—5天后寄主组织被破坏而致死。幼虫食尽寄生体内全部营养物质后便化蛹,     

茶尺蠖及其防治措施

茶尺蠖是我国茶树主要害虫之一。除茶树外还可危害樱桃、石榴、枫杨等植物。以幼虫危害、将叶片咬食成弧形缺刻,甚至将叶片食尽,仅留秃枝、严重影响产量和树势。海南省每年７～９月间危害最重。９月以后幼虫陆续入土化蛹越冬,蛹入土深度一般１～３厘米。成虫趋光性强。...     

朱红毛斑蛾生物学特性研究

朱红毛斑蛾(Phauda flammans Walker)(鳞翅目:斑蛾科)是榕树上的一种重要食叶害虫,通过室内观察和野外调查,研究了朱红毛斑蛾的形态特征、年生活史及生活习性。结果表明,朱红毛斑蛾卵粒聚集排列成连续线状;幼虫共6龄;雌雄成虫可通过触角鞭节颜色、腹末有无毛须和腹部腹面体毛颜色加以区分。在广西1年发生2~3代,以第2代预蛹期幼虫及蛹和第3代低龄幼虫越冬。成虫羽化高峰为10:00-13:00;交配高峰期为13:00-18:00;产卵高峰期为11:00-15:00;幼虫仅为害榕属植物叶片,当食料缺乏时还会为害其枝条韧皮部;越冬幼虫喜欢在位于地表突出的根系附近或杂草丛下化蛹越冬,极少数在土壤表层0~10mm处做蛹室化蛹。自然条件下发现2种朱红毛斑蛾的寄生性天敌。     

狭带食蚜蝇的饲养研究初报

本文报道了室内用茶蚜、桃蚜、菊蚜等3种蚜虫饲养狭带食蚜蝇取得比较满意的结果,幼虫存活率77.5～80%,蛹羽化率90.6～93.8%,子代卵孵化率89.6～92.4%,玫瑰冠蚜存活率仅40%,羽化率58%,子代卵孵化率无明显差异。在幼虫发育期中,前期用茶蚜饲养,后期改用玫瑰冠蚜饲养,对幼虫存活率及羽化率有影响.食料充足时,幼虫自残低,可以集体饲养.成虫用玉米花粉,10%蜜水及10%蔗糖水饲养时,证实了其产卵量、卵孵化率及其寿命均受补充营养物的影响,用玉米花粉饲养的成虫,平均产量卵894.6粒(最高1986粒),孵化率93.6%,雌雄成虫寿命分别为15.2和14.1天.交尾次数,产卵时间对孵化率均无影响.为使成虫正常产卵,除补充营养物外,提供带蚜植物也是必要的。以1:150的蝇蚜比释放3日龄幼虫防治茶蚜,茶蚜下降82.4～96.7%,效果显著.     

非化防措施不同处理对茶尺蠖的防控效果

为了推广茶园绿色防控体系,促进茶产品提档升级,研究了培土措施、植物源农药苦参碱和生物农药茶核·苏云菌悬浮剂、灯诱与性诱等非化学防治措施防治茶尺蠖效果。结果表明,在茶尺蠖化蛹盛期的茶树根际培土6～10 cm,可以阻止茶尺蠖成虫羽化,防效达84.32%;植物源农药苦参碱和生物农药茶核·苏云菌悬浮剂防治茶尺蠖幼虫,10 d防效分别为85.36%和87.39%;灯光诱杀和性引诱剂诱杀茶尺蠖成虫,可控制茶尺蠖的危害,灯光诱杀防效25.37%～32.26%,性引诱剂诱杀防效49.07%～62.09%。     

栎黄枯叶蛾对沙棘林的危害及生物学特性

栎黄枯叶蛾(Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang)是近年在沙棘林中大面积暴发的一种食叶害虫,以幼虫取食叶片,导致沙棘长势衰弱甚至死亡.本文采用野外调查和室内饲养观察相结合的方法对该虫的为害程度、形态特征、生活史、生物学特性等进行研究.结果表明:在陕西吴起,栎黄枯叶蛾为害严重,被害株率达到92.36％,枯死率达到6.45％,平均虫口密度为8.3头/株.该虫1年发生1代,以卵在茧表面、枝条及叶片等处越冬;翌年5月中下旬开始孵化,7月下旬开始结茧化蛹,蛹期平均(24.5±3.1)d;成虫始见于8月下旬,终见于9月下旬,羽化高峰期为9月上旬.成虫羽化主要集中在17:00-23:00,整个过程持续40～80 min;羽化后无需补充营养,至第2日方能交配产卵,交配时间为凌晨1:00-5:00,高峰期为3:00-4:00左右;雌虫只交配1次,雄虫可多次交配.成虫寿命为6～13 d.雌虫交尾后即可产卵,平均产卵量可达297粒.栎黄枯叶蛾生物学特性的系统研究,为其控制措施的制定提供了科学依据.     

两种农药不同亚致死浓度对梨小食心虫生长发育和繁殖的影响

在室内将梨小食心虫即将孵化的卵置于浸药幼果上,测定高效氯氟氰菊酯和氯虫苯甲酰胺不同亚致死浓度对梨小食心虫不同龄期幼虫发育时间、幼虫和蛹的发育历期、化蛹率和成虫羽化率、成虫产卵量的影响。结果表明,两种药剂不同亚致死浓度均使害虫不同龄期发育时间、幼虫和蛹发育历期显著延长,且随药剂浓度增加而增加;对化蛹率影响较小;两种药剂较高浓度会显著影响羽化率。两种药剂不同亚致死浓度对蛹重和产卵量影响显著:高效氯氟氰菊酯3个浓度均会显著减轻雌、雄蛹重量,且对雌蛹重量抑制率要高于雄蛹,并使成虫产卵量减少;氯虫苯甲酰胺LC50剂量也会显著减轻雌、雄蛹重量,使成虫产卵量显著减少,当药剂浓度降至LC20和LC30时,氯虫苯甲酰胺对雌、雄蛹重量和成虫产卵量影响不显著,但抑制率出现负值。     

不同地理种群茶尺蠖适合度差异研究

为了明确不同地理种群茶尺蠖种群分化特征,对室内条件下饲养的茶尺蠖发育和生殖力进行研究.结果表明:不同地理种群间茶尺蠖卵和幼虫的发育历期具有显著差异,即偏低纬度茶尺蠖种群的发育历期长于偏高纬度种群,而蛹和成虫的发育历期差异不明显;茶尺蠖各种群的净生殖率(R0)、内禀增长率(Rm)和周限增长率(λ)均为武汉种群最大,而种群加倍时间(Dt)则以武汉种群最小,故利于该种群茶尺蠖的发展;同一种群中不同世代茶尺蠖间的幼虫发育历期和平均世代周期随着世代的推移有增加的趋势,但差异不显著;不同地理种群茶尺蠖间存活率和生殖力随着在实验条件下的不断饲养,差异会逐渐缩小.     

红树林植物无瓣海桑主要害虫迹斑绿刺蛾生物学特性研究

为了明确无瓣海桑主要害虫迹斑绿刺蛾的生活史和各虫态生活习性,通过室内饲养、林间套笼观察和野外调查相结合的方法对迹斑绿刺蛾的生物学特性进行了系统研究。该虫在广西钦州红树林自然保护区1年发生4代,有世代重叠现象;以蛹在茧内越冬,翌年4月中旬成虫开始羽化,第1代幼虫为害期发生在4月下旬到6月下旬;第4代幼虫11月上旬开始结茧化蛹越冬。成虫具有较强趋光性,成虫夜间羽化率达到98.6%,以晚上24:00前居多。成虫羽化后第2天交尾,雌虫产卵量为35～183粒,雄虫平均寿命6.7d,雌虫平均寿命8.1d。本研究明确了迹斑绿刺蛾生物学特性,为该虫的预测防治工作提供基础。     

昆明市小圆胸小蠹(Euwallacea fornicatus)的危害与防治

小圆胸小蠹(Euwallacea fornicatus)是一种具有经济重要性的蛀干害虫,多年来一直为害昆明市行道树三角枫(Acer buergerianum)和悬铃木(Platanus acerifolia),近年来为害加剧,导致寄主树大枝枯死甚至全株死亡。为揭示小圆胸小蠹为害特点及虫情发展状况,本文调查了距地面不同高度寄主植物主干虫孔分布状况,以及近3年来小圆胸小蠹为害状况的动态变化。结果显示,距地面50~100、100~150、150~200cm主干虫孔百分率的平均值分别为10.81%、37.01%、47.76%,小圆胸小蠹更多侵入三角枫主干距地面100~200cm部位进行筑坑;3年来小圆胸小蠹的为害率增加了7.5%,为害指数增加了6.3。制定了小圆胸小蠹的防治对策及防治月历。提出了加强对距地面100~200cm主干的监测,在进行冬季树干涂白时,将涂刷高度增加到距地面2m的建议。指出了今后虫情监测和控制的方向,即大力开展小圆胸小蠹引诱剂研究。     

Effects of tangerine (Citrus reticulata) foliage age onStreblote panda larval development and performance

The effects ofCitrus reticulata Blanco (tangerine) foliage age on larval survival and performance of the lappet mothStreblote panda Hübner (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), a polyphagous Mediterranean species, were studied. Larvae were reared under controlled laboratory conditions on young and mature excised leaves of tangerine. Survival, duration of development, and post-ingestive indices of larval growth were determined. Mature leaves significantly reduced survivorship of early instar larvae. Larvae which were fed on mature leaves grew more slowly and were less efficient at utilizing plant biomass and nitrogen than larvae fed on young leaves. Growth rates were 30% higher on young leaves, overall efficiency of conversion of ingested food was greater also, as consequence of an increase of 46% in the assimilation efficiencies, whereas the efficiency of conversion of digested matter into larval biomass was similar in both food treatments. The rate of consumption of biomass was higher in mature leaves, but that of nitrogen was similar, indicating that mature leaves restricted growth primarily by restricting the efficiency of utilizing this nutrient. The nitrogen utilization efficiency was reduced more than 20%, and the relative accumulation rate of nitrogen was suppressed 30% for larvae on mature leaves, which may explain the protracted development time of larvae fed on mature leaves. Survival was consistently higher when larvae were fed with young leaves although no differences were found for mature larvae or pupae. No differences were found in pupal mass (a fecundity correlate) between food treatments. Our results confirm the bibliographic records ofCitrus spp. like host plants ofS. panda in Spain, but also suggest that much variation must be expected in the temporal and spatial incidence of this insect, depending upon the cultivated species, associated plant phenology and management techniques employed in the culture. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Aug. 28, 2005.     

甜菜大龟甲与寄主植物的关系

强迫取食试验结果初步证实,甜菜大龟甲幼虫在藜科藜属杂草灰藜、小藜、杂配藜上能完成个体发育,取食甜菜时发育慢,死亡率高,幼虫个体间对甜菜的适应性差异大,赵冬代成虫出蛰期、一代卵及幼虫发生期与灰藜生长期的配合程度大于甜菜,但在田间灰藜等杂草数量少时,卵也可产生在甜菜叶片上,灰藜叶片被食光后幼虫转至甜菜为害。     

茶树新害虫湘黄卷蛾的初步研究

湘黄卷蛾Archips strojny Razowski是2015年杭州茶园发现的一种茶树新害虫。为了准确识别该虫,明确其生物学特性,通过室内观察和田间调查,对湘黄卷蛾不同发育阶段的形态特征和生物学特性进行了初步观测。结果表明,湘黄卷蛾卵粒覆瓦状排列成卵块,卵块多为条形或椭圆形;幼虫共有5龄,1~5龄的平均头宽0.25~1.61mm;成虫停息时呈钟形,雌雄蛾的前翅斑纹有明显差别。在4-6月自然温度条件下,卵期、幼虫期和蛹期分别为7.7、29.6、8.8d,成虫产卵前期平均为4.3d,产卵可持续2.6d,雌雄蛾平均寿命分别为8.5d和9.1d;成虫羽化高峰为10:00-13:00,每雌产卵量平均353粒。     

豆小卷叶蛾Matsumuraeses phaseoli (Matsumura)的初步研究1.形态及生物学特性

豆小卷叶蛾是豆类的重要害虫。幼虫卷食芽、叶、花簇,并蛙食莢、粒、嫩茎等部。一般大豆受害,株高減低14—48％,結莢数減少11—27％左右。成虫体色暗褐,翅展16—20毫米。下唇須伸向前方,側視呈三角形。前翅中室外側有一黑斑。M脉在翅基的一段消失,Cu_1自中室下角伸出弯向前方。雌蛾翅韁3条,交配囊体具交配囊片2枚。雄蛾翅韁1条,第八腹节具侧味刷。卵扁薄呈椭圓形,长径0.56—0.75毫米,初产黄白色,在发育阶段卵面依次出現紅色小点。幼虫共5龄,老熟时体长11—14毫米。体青微褐,头部褐色,两侧有黑色楔形纹。腹足趾鈞双序全环,臀櫛5—8齿。蛹褐色,体长7—9毫米,雌蛹生殖孔生于第八和第九腹节,雄者位于第九腹节。此虫在武功地区一年发生4—5代,多以幼虫在土中越冬。越冬代成虫发生于4、5月,第一代多为害草木樨等。第二代发生于6、7月,主要为害春播豆类。第三代发生于8月,主要为害夏播豆类。第四代发生于9、10月,发生較早的为害夏播豆类,迟的为害草木樨和野生豆类等。成虫夜出,飞行力強,对强的灯光和黑光灯有趋性。产卵量与补充营养有密切关系。卵散产于豆株下部叶片背面,幼虫孵化后須爬至上部幼嫩芽叶始能取食生活。已发現寄圭11种,有些生物学特性在防治上可利用。     

Studies of the response of the spiny bollworm,earias insulana,to rearing on leaves,flower buds and bolls of high-terpenoid-aldehyde cotton genotypes in the laboratory

Survival rates of neonate larvae of the spiny bollworm,Earias insulana Boisd., on leaves, flower buds and bolls of ten high-gossypol (HG) [terpenoid-aldehyde] and Acala SJ^b2 cotton lines were 40-74%, 66-92% and 54-76%, respectively. Partial resistance of leaves of three cotton lines, no resistance of flower buds, and resistance of bolls of one line (HG-BR-8) to larval infestation were observed. Bolls which had their bases and bracts removed were heavily penetrated by larvae and more adults were obtained on them, as compared with intact ones. Complete development on cotton bolls, from hatching to the adult, took 25.6-32.6 days, with significant differences among some of the cotton lines. Growth on bolls of HG lines in the larval stage had no effect on oviposition by the corresponding adults. Fertility of these eggs was not affected.     

缩节胺处理棉株对棉铃虫的影响初报

棉株施用缩节胺后能减少棉铃虫(Heliothis armigera Habner)在棉株上的落卵量48.8%—88%,田间虫量减少39.5%—77.3%,取食嫩叶、花蕾后的2龄幼虫体重下降、发育历期延长,死亡率增加,化蛹率和羽化率都有下降,总的生存率降低了57.62%。测定表明施用缩节胺后,棉株各部组织内棉酚有增加趋势,以蕾内增加较多,为49%—92.1%,铃壳次之,为13.8%—65.5%,叶内较少,为3.6%—39.7%。而单宁量除大铃壳内有增外,大多下降。施用次数与剂量的增加,与棉酚量的提高有共同趋势。花蕾期施用,棉酚量的增加高于花铃期。     

Effects of a juvenile hormone analog,pyriproxyfen, on Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Effects of a juvenile hormone analog, pyriproxyfen, on various developmental stadia of the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, were determined on cabbage leaves in the laboratory. Pyriproxyfen was applied at 0.064 or 0.128 g AI liter(-1) on leaves (residual contact-ingestion), thrips (direct contact) and leaf-thrips (residue contact-ingestion-direct contact). Pyriproxyfen did not have any significant lethal effects on thrips pupae in any treatment. Lethal effects on thrips larvae varied depending on application method and dosage. In the leaf and the leaf-thrips treatments, few larvae and pre-pupae molted to the next stage, and none developed to adults. In contrast, in the thrips-only treatment, pyriproxyfen did not show any significant lethal effects. The developmental times of larvae and pre-pupae were prolonged when larvae were treated with pyriproxyfen, and those of pre-pupae and pupae were shortened when pre-pupae and pupae were treated. The longevity and survival rates of thrips adults were generally shorter when they contacted and ingested pyriproxyfen-treated leaves than those in water control. Significantly fewer progeny (0.22-1.15 larvae per female) were produced by females that had fed on and been in contact with the pyriproxyfen-treated leaves than by those in the water control (11.94 larvae per female). However, the number of progeny produced by the thrips females increased significantly (3.32-7.28 larvae per female) when the females were transferred to untreated leaves after feeding on treated leaves for 5 days; the daily larval hatching pattern was similar to those in water control, indicating that female adults were able to produce viable eggs when untreated food was offered.     

外来广聚萤叶甲对豚草取食和利用效率的测定

对入侵杂草豚草的天敌昆虫——外来广聚萤叶甲幼虫取食豚草不同部位叶片后的存活情况进行了观察；对不同日龄幼虫和成虫的生长速率和食物利用效率进行了测定。幼虫取食上部叶片的累计死亡率显著高于下部叶片，但与中部叶片无显著差异。广聚萤叶甲幼虫鲜重在6日龄前成倍增长，之后趋于平稳；各日龄幼虫的近似消化率均很高（〉80％），并随幼虫龄期增大而逐渐降低，但到10日龄时又有所升高；幼虫对食物的转化率与近似消化率之间未表现出常见的反比关系；幼虫取食的相对表现（相对生长率、相对取食率和相对代谢率）呈现早期高于晚期的变化格局。初羽化成虫（4d内）的取食量明显较高，之后基本保持平稳。