斑点叉尾鮰的细菌病及其防控方法(四)

正(4)PCR检测。目前有关实验室开展了PCR法进行嗜水气单胞菌检测的研究,但未制定气单胞菌相关的PCR诊断标准。目前气单胞菌已制定3个标准,分别为《GB/T18652-2002致病性嗜水气单胞菌检验方法》《SC/T7201.3-2006鱼类细菌病检疫技术规程第3部分:嗜水气单胞菌及豚鼠气单胞菌肠道病诊断方法》《SN/T0751-1999出口食品中嗜水气单胞菌检验方法》,其     

蚌嗜水气单胞菌病的预防治疗

2001年4月份我县的部分养蚌农户中发生蚌嗜水气单胞菌病,且病情严重,死亡率很高。笔者于5月份携病蚌前往湖南省水产研究所找有关专家研究防治对策,经过病原分离、转接,结果在病蚌中分离出嗜水气单胞菌病原株,确诊为蚌嗜水气单胞菌病。经过近3年的探索,已经初步掌握了蚌嗜水气单胞菌病的发病规律、诊断方法、预防和治疗措施。现向广大养蚌农户作简单的介绍。1什么是嗜水气单胞菌嗜水气单胞菌是水体中广泛存在的一种条件致病细菌。目前,我国的科学工作者已提取3个变种,即白鲢嗜水气单胞菌,牛蛙嗜水气单胞菌和甲鱼嗜水气单胞菌。珠蚌最易感染的…     

秦皮素的抑菌作用及其对嗜水气单胞菌毒力的影响

为探讨中草药单体秦皮素对嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)生长和毒力的影响,实验测定了秦皮素对嗜水气单胞菌最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、生长曲线、生物膜以及脂肪酶活性、运动性、蛋白酶活性和溶血性等毒力相关因子的影响。结果表明,秦皮素对嗜水气单胞菌具有明显的抑制效果, MIC为128μg/mL;秦皮素浓度大于16μg/mL时,对嗜水气单胞菌的生物膜形成有显著促进作用(P0.05);秦皮素浓度大于8μg/mL时,对嗜水气单胞菌的脂肪酶活性有显著降低作用(P0.05);秦皮素浓度为2～8μg/mL时,对嗜水气单胞菌的运动性和溶血性无显著影响(P 0.05),但能降低嗜水气单胞菌蛋白酶活性(P0.05)。秦皮素对嗜水气单胞菌有一定的抑菌作用,但期望通过低浓度秦皮素实现对嗜水气单胞菌的防治仍有待进一步研究。     

水产养殖动物嗜水气单胞菌病的免疫技术介绍

目前在我国水产养殖动物中普遍发生的嗜水气单胞菌病如对虾细菌性红体病、肠炎病及淡水养殖鱼类暴发性出血病业已查明，其主要病原为嗜水气单胞菌，这类细菌属于弧菌科、气单胞菌属，是养殖水体普遍存在的一种条件性致病菌。嗜水气单胞菌在水温14.0-40.5℃范围内均可繁殖，以28     

应用PCR快速诊断黄鳝嗜水气单胞菌败血症

根据致病性嗜水气单胞菌的标志性毒力基因-气溶素(aerolysin)基因序列,设计出一对特异性引物,采用PCR方法,对22尾临床疑似患嗜水气单胞菌败血症的黄鳝进行了诊断,检测出其中17尾呈致病性嗜水气单胞菌阳性,检测过程仅需6h;而常规细菌分离鉴定则耗时72 h,检出率仅为9/22.     

快速简易诊断嗜水气单胞菌病的方法

近十年来,北京和全国各地养殖的淡水鱼类都相继暴发了由嗜水气单胞菌引起的传染病。阐明致病性嗜水气单胞菌的共性和区别于非致病株已成为研究控制该病的首要目标。近年来,各种检测嗜水气单胞菌方法相继被研究。本文将快速诊断嗜水气单胞菌病鉴定方法的研究报道如下。一...     

养殖水体嗜水气单胞菌对两种药物的耐药性分析

正嗜水气单胞菌普遍存在于养殖水体中,是危害水产养殖业最重要的病原微生物之一,市售多种抗生素都能够抑杀该菌。目前,苏州地区水产养殖使用最多、最广泛的抗生素为恩诺沙星与氟苯尼考。长期不合理施用这些抗生素,导致嗜水气单胞菌的耐药性增强。本研究以2017年4-6月收集的苏州地区24株不同养殖水体的嗜水气单胞菌为研究对象,采取最低抑菌浓度测定法、耐药基因PCR特异扩增法,对苏州地区嗜水气单胞菌耐     

中草药及其配伍对嗜水气单胞菌的抑菌作用

采用二倍稀释法测定了86种中草药对嗜水气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),并采用正交试验法研究了对嗜水气单胞菌具有较强抑制作用的中草药配伍。结果表明,五倍子、五味子和乌梅对嗜水气单胞菌的抑制作用最强,最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度均为12.5mg/ml,可作为防治水产养殖动物嗜水气单胞菌病害的首选中草药。正交试验结果表明,儿茶、五倍子、五味子和乌梅4种药分别以4∶2∶4∶1和1∶2∶2∶4的比例配伍时对嗜水气单胞菌具有最佳抑菌和杀菌作用。     

不同来源的嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila）对三角帆蚌的致病性研究

探讨了４种不同来源的嗜水气单胞菌对三角帆蚌的致病力。４种来源的嗜水气单胞菌菌种经复壮、分离、鉴定、人工感染健康三角帆蚌均能引起其发病死亡,临床发病症状相似,但对三角帆蚌的毒力有差异,以甲鱼嗜水气单胞菌对三角帆蚌的毒力最强,牛蛙嗜水气单胞菌的毒力最弱。     

27株嗜水气单胞菌致病性及ERIC—PCR指纹图谱分析

从福建省淡水养殖鱼类体内分离到27株嗜水气单胞菌,根据嗜水气单胞菌16SrDNA基因和气溶素基因（aerolysin）的保守序列,设计2对引物,对所分离到的27株嗜水气单胞菌进行双重PCR扩增,扩增结果表明,其中18株为含有Aer毒力基因的潜在致病性嗜水气单胞菌,占总菌数的66．67％。应用ERIC-PCR分型技术对27株嗜水气单胞菌菌株进行分析,以相似度54．00％为限,所有菌株可分为Ⅰ和Ⅱ两大聚类,以76．00％相似度为界,27株嗜水气单胞菌可分为11个聚类,同一个聚类中菌株分离区域基本相同。分析结果表明,分离的嗜水气单胞菌基因型的多样性和分离地域具有一定的关联,也表明ERIC-PCR可以有效应用于嗜水气单胞茵分子流行病学调查。     

团头鲂Hox基因家族的鉴定、进化与表达分析

Hox基因家族在调控动物早期胚胎发育、组织和器官生长起重要作用,因此这类基因家族被广泛应用到物种进化和发育调控的研究中。为了探究Hox基因在团头鲂中分布,进化及表达调控作用,同时为了探究Hox基因与团头鲂肌间刺发育的关系,研究基于团头鲂全基因组数据,结合生物信息学分析方法对其Hox基因家族进行鉴定、染色体分布、系统进化和表达模式分析。结果显示,在团头鲂基因组中共鉴定出49个Hox基因,根据系统进化分析分为5个亚类;其中49个Hox基因不均匀的分布在5条染色体上,并分为7个基因连锁群（HoxAa、HoxAb、HoxBa、HoxBb、HoxCa、HoxCb和HoxDa）;表达模式分析结果表明,团头鲂Hox基因家族成员具有不同的表达模式;团头鲂和斑马鱼所有Hox基因在肌肉中的表达水平存在显著差异。此外,团头鲂不同发育阶段及不同组织转录组结果显示,HoxA基因群集中,HoxA2a、HoxA3a在幼鱼阶段高表达,其他基因在肌肉、肌间刺及结缔组织中表达量低甚至不表达;HoxB基因群集中,HoxB9a、HoxB3a、HoxB8a、HoxB1b、HoxB5a、HoxB5b在幼鱼阶段高表达;HoxB7a、HoxB10a、HoxB9a在成鱼肌肉、结缔组织及肌间刺中高表达;HoxC基因群集中,HoxC3a、HoxC4a在幼鱼阶段高表达,HoxC3a、HoxC8a在成鱼的3个组织都有表达;HoxD基因群集中,HoxD9a、HoxD10a和HoxD11a在胚胎S2期表达量较高。研究表明,Hox基因在团头鲂早期胚胎时期和肌间刺的形成中有表达,提示团头鲂肌间刺的形成可能受Hox基因家族调控。     

Use of individual types of fishing effort in analyzing catch and effort data by use of a generalized linear model

Fishing effort is a function of many (continuous) variables which fishers can manipulate. However, when catch and fishing effort data are analysed using a generalized linear model, individual types of fishing effort usually enter as a composite quantity. But not all quantities can be combined into a composite quantity. Use of such data this way generally leads to a loss of information and incurs a model bias. In this paper, I analyse catch and effort data for the blue swimmer crab off South Australia by a direct use of individual types of fishing effort to extract a relative index of biomass, and use the concept of homogeneous functions to present some of the results. I also give formulae for choosing a combination of different types of fishing effort to effect a specified level of catch in both absolute and relative terms. Assuming that catch follows an independent gamma, normal, negative binomial, or Poisson distribution, fitting of a generalized linear model with a log-link function to the commercial catch and effort data suggests that: (1) the exploitable biomass remained relatively constant from 1 July 1983 to 30 June 1996; (2) the relative instantaneous rate of fishing mortality of a particular sex and age (if gear selectivity was constant over time) slightly increased over time; (3) a 1% increase in the number of days fished gave about 0.85% increase in catch whereas a 1% increase in the number of people on a boat led to only about a 0.45% increase in catch. This implies that use of a composite measure of fishing effort such as boat days and man days when analysing catch and effort data is inappropriate for this fishery. Although a generalized linear model may be a reasonable first-order approximation, catch and effort data are best interpreted through a process model.     

西伯利亚鲟CXCR7基因cDNA全长的克隆及其表达分析

采用RT-PCR和cDNA末端快速扩增技术(rapid amplification of cDNA ends,RACE),首次克隆了西伯利亚鲟(Acipenser baerii)的CXCR7a和CXCR7b基因的全长cDNA。CXCR7a的cDNA全长为2 325 bp(登录号为:JQ034508),包括207 bp的5'端非翻译区(UTR)、可编码362个氨基酸的1 086 bp的开放阅读框(ORF)及包括poly(A)尾巴在内的大小为1 032 bp的3'端非翻译区(UTR);CXCR7b的cDNA全长为2 423 bp(登录号为:JQ034509),包括209 bp的5'端非翻译区(UTR)、可编码370个氨基酸的1 110 bp的开放阅读框(ORF)及包括poly(A)尾巴在内的大小为1 104 bp的3'端非翻译区(UTR),并对它们编码的蛋白质序列的分子特征进行了分析。氨基酸序列相似性(similarity)分析表明,CXCR7a与人(Homo sapiens)、小鼠(Mus musculus)、非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)、斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的CXCR7相似性分别为82.6%、81.4%、80.9%、81.0%;CXCR7b与人、小鼠、非洲爪蟾、斑马鱼的CXCR7相似性分别为82.9%、82.3%、80.8%、82.5%;西伯利亚鲟CXCR7a与其CXCR7b的相似性最高为96.5%。系统进化树分析显示,西伯利亚鲟与斑马鱼聚为一簇,两栖类聚为一簇,其它高等脊椎动物再进行聚类。对CXCR7a和CXCR7b在各发育时期胚胎及仔鱼的表达状况分别进行定性分析表明,CXCR7a在除卵裂期、囊胚期的胚胎外,其在原肠胚中期至出膜1 d的仔鱼的各时期中均具有表达,CXCR7b在卵裂期至出膜1 d的仔鱼的各时期中均具有表达。另外,从基因组DNA水平上表明CXCR7a和CXCR7b来自不同的基因拷贝。这些结果为进一步研究CXCR7在西伯利亚鲟侧线系统发育中的作用提供了新的基础资料。     

胡子鲇脑型芳香化酶基因全长cDNA克隆及表达

采用RT-PCR和RACE法,克隆了胡子鲇(Clarias fuscus)脑型芳香化酶基因Cyp19a1b,应用荧光实时定量PCR检测其在前脑、下丘脑、脑垂体、肝、精巢和卵巢6种组织,以及性腺分化前后(出膜后12～30 d)全鱼中的mRNA表达。结果表明,Cyp19a1b cDNA全长2 347 bp,5′端非编码区219 bp,3′端[不包括poly(A)]596 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)1 503 bp,编码500个氨基酸,推测其编码蛋白质分子量为56.388 kD。序列分析及分子系统进化树结果表明,胡子鲇Cyp19a1b氨基酸序列与非洲鲇(Clarias gariepinus)Cyp19a1b同源性最高,达95.6%;与南方大口鲇(Silurusmeridionalis)、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)、斑马鱼(Danio rerio)、斑点叉尾(Ictalurus punctatus)、赤点石斑鱼(Epinephelus akaara)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、鲫(Carassius auratus)及稀有鲫(Gobiocypris rarus)Cyp19a1b同源性达75%以上,但与上述鱼类的性腺型芳香化酶基因(Cyp19a1a)同源性低于62%,表明其为脑型芳香化酶,同源性分析结果与根据传统形态学和生化特征分类的结果相一致。荧光实时定量PCR结果显示,Cyp19a1b在胡子鲇上述组织中均有表达,其中下丘脑中表达量最高,肝和精巢最低,在脑部的表达存在明显的性别差异(P<0.05)。此外,在胡子鲇性腺分化前(出膜后12 d)Cyp19a1b即开始表达,但分化前后表达量无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结果暗示Cyp19a1b可能不是引起胡子鲇性腺分化的直接因素,但其可能通过"下丘脑垂体性腺轴"对性腺分化过程产生间接影响。     

海参皂苷的研究现状

海洋中蕴涵着丰富的天然资源,海参作为一种食品和药材,具有很高的保健功能和药用价值。海参皂苷是海参体内的一种次生代谢产物,具有广泛的生理药理活性,因此潜藏了极大的应用价值。本文就近年来国内外关于海参皂苷性质的研究状况做一些简要的概述,为进一步研究海参皂苷提供较为详尽的参考资料。     

Hepatic cholangiocarcinoma and testicular mesothelioma in a wild-caught blue shark,Prionace glauca (L.)

An adult male blue shark, Prionace glauca (L.), caught in July 2000 by a recreational fisherman off Long Island, New York, USA, had a retained fishing hook from a previous capture. The hook penetrated the gastric wall and lacerated the right liver lobe. Macroscopic lesions consisted of transmural gastritis and peritonitis. Alteromonas sp. and Vibrio alginolyticus were isolated from the peritoneal fluid. In addition, a well delineated, sessile mass was found on the otherwise normal serosa of the right testis. Histopathological findings included mesothelial hyperplasia and hypertrophy involving diffusely the gastric, hepatic and parietal serosae, and forming a discrete testicular capsular mass compatible with mesothelioma. In the liver an intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, chronic hepatitis, biliary hyperplasia and increased numbers of melanomacrophages were found. In addition organisms compatible with histozoic and coelozoic myxosporeans were found within the skeletal muscle of the abdomen and intrahepatic bile ducts, respectively. This is the third literature report of a liver tumour and the first report of a coelomic mesothelioma from a shark.     

Guidance of groups of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to allow sorting by computer vision

Prior to marketing, ornamental tropical fish are currently sorted, graded and counted manually; a process that is labor intensive, stressful to fish and inaccurate. Manipulation of fish movements at our will is a key element in the development of a device for automatically sorting, grading and counting fish by a computer vision system, and the present study is one step towards the development of such a fish-friendly sorting device. The positive phototactic and rheotactic innate responses of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) were exploited to induce them to swim through transparent pipes or narrow channels, to render them ready for inspection by a computer vision system. Water flow direction and velocity, water level, and illumination were effective in inducing fish to move from one container into the other via a narrow transparent pipe. It was attempted to separate guppies moving in groups into individually spaced fish, by introducing an obstacle into a narrow channel or narrowing the transparent pipe.     

A parasite survey of farmed Southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii (Castelnau)

Farmed Southern bluefin tuna (SBT) were examined for parasites. Samples of harvest fish, mortalities and some fish showing clinical signs of disease were investigated. Targeted screening was conducted for a scuticociliate, Uronema nigricans, the myxosporean Kudoa sp. and a sanguinicolid digenean, Cardicola forsteri. General parasitological investigation revealed a diverse parasite community of didymozoid digeneans, two species of copepods, a polyopisthocotylean monogenean and larval cestodes. Targeted screening for U. nigricans exposed a low prevalence, most probably due to a lack of sensitivity in the test method. Few of the parasites examined pose a risk to the health of farmed SBT.     

草鱼C5a、C5aR和FⅡ多克隆抗体的制备与表达特性

为研究草鱼补体蛋白5a (complement component 5a,C5a)、补体蛋白5a受体(C5a receptor,C5aR)和凝血因子Ⅱ(blood coagulation factorⅡ,FⅡ)在感染草鱼呼肠孤病毒(grass carp reovirus,GCRV)时的蛋白表达和相互作用,针对草鱼C5a和FⅡ蛋白构建了原核表达体系、针对草鱼C5aR蛋白构建C5aR-KLH偶联物,纯化蛋白,免疫日本大耳白兔制备3种蛋白的多克隆抗体。用蛋白质印迹(Western blot)、免疫共沉淀(Co-IP)和拉下(pull down)实验检测3种蛋白表达与互作关系,Western blot结果显示,C5a和C5aR在健康草鱼的肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、头肾、肠、鳃和肌肉中均有蛋白表达,FⅡ在肝脏、脾脏和肠中表达,而在肾脏、头肾、鳃和肌肉中不表达;在感染GCRV的草鱼肝脏组织中C5a、C5aR和FⅡ蛋白均随病程进展呈现上升趋势。Co-IP结果显示,在GCRV处理后,C5a、C5aR和FⅡ蛋白具有相互作用关系。pull down结果显示,C5a pull down共鉴定得到C3、RIG-I等2...